Search Results (108)

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles, as typical magnetic nanomaterials, can be functionalized and self-assembled into one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures to obtain new physicochemical properties. However, there are few studies on preparing stable large-sized one-dimensional Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanochains structure by a simple self-assembly method, and its application scope needs to be expanded urgently. In this paper, a large-size Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ one-dimensional nanochains were synthesized and modified by means of different functionalization. On this basis, the application of one-dimensional nanochains in the flow injection chemiluminescence analysis was explored. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanochains, which as a packed stationary phase, was successfully coupled with the flow injection system through the optimization of experimental conditions. As a result, a novel flow injection chemiluminescence analysis of glucose was developed. It has been proven that the one-dimensional nanochains-based packed stationary phase not only retains similar catalytic sites as the free magnetic particles, but also effectively overcomes the problem of poor fluidity of the free fixed phase. Therefore, it is expected to explore more high-performance flow injection analysis systems by strategies of the nanochain-immobilized enzyme-based packed stationary phase. Full article

This study presents a hierarchical conductive-network strategy to overcome the performance trade-off in cement structural supercapacitors (CSSCs). By incorporating one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) into Portland cement, we simultaneously enhance its electrochemical and mechanical properties. The approach exploits the complementary roles of the two nanomaterials: CNTs establish a three-dimensional percolation network that facilitates electron transport, while GO promotes formation of a denser calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and refines the pore structure by complexing with calcium ions, thereby improving ionic pathways. The k12gc sample attains a specific capacitance of 66.8 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 mA cm⁻², a 58.4% rise in conductivity and a 63% reduction in charge-transfer resistance. At the same time, the composite reduces harmful macropores by 27.9% and strengthens the material, with compressive and flexural strengths increasing by 4.8% and 8.3%, respectively. This work establishes a rational design principle based on functional division between CNTs and GO for developing high-performance, multifunctional CSSCs. Full article

Innovations in nanomaterial science, engineering and printing technologies have increasingly driven advances in electrochemical sensing. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have become a versatile, low-cost, and scalable solution for developing portable electrochemical detection platforms. However, their analytical performance remains intrinsically limited by surface area, electron transfer efficiency, and the immobilization of biomolecules. Recent developments in nanostructured materials, ranging from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides, to one-dimensional nanostructures and hybrid nanocomposites, have transformed the signal transduction landscape of SPE-based electrochemical sensors. Integration of nanomaterials into SPEs has successfully transformed their analytical capabilities, but the diversity of materials and modification strategies has made it difficult to consolidate current knowledge in the field. Strategies that integrate nanomaterials via ink formulation, surface modification, or in situ growth have yielded sensors with unprecedented sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity across various chemical and biological targets. This review offers a cross-material synthesis of how nanomaterial engineering transforms the electrochemical performance of SPEs. By integrating insights across morphology, interfacial chemistry, and device-level behavior, it establishes a unified perspective that has been missing from the current literature and clarifies the design principles driving next-generation SPE-based sensing platforms. Full article

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an essential technique for characterizing nanomaterials. However, specimen preparation, which is a critical factor affecting image quality, remains a practical challenge. Focusing on nanopowders used in materials and chemical science, this article employs case studies to analyze the key steps in TEM specimen preparation. Carbon support films (CSFs) are essential tools for specimen preparation, and this study introduces several commonly used, cost-effective options, including conventional CSFs, conventional holey CSFs, ultrathin holey CSFs, and double-grid support films. We characterize their structural and morphological characteristics and evaluate their suitability for different types of samples. Several representative case studies of nanopowders, spanning from zero-dimensional (0D) to one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials, are used to illustrate tailored specimen preparation approaches, which serve as practical references for researchers conducting TEM characterization. These findings facilitate higher image reliability and experimental efficiency, thereby providing critical support for advancing fundamental exploration and frontier innovation in nanomaterial science. Full article

The growing volume of fiber-reinforced polymer composite waste creates an urgent need for efficient recycling technologies. While solvolysis effectively breaks down thermoset matrices for fiber reinforcement recovery, the process generates hydrocarbon-rich liquid by-products that require further management. This study validates the use of these liquid recycling streams—derived from the solvolysis of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins—as sustainable carbon precursors for the growth of carbon nanomaterials. Synthesis was performed via catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 850 °C using iron nanoparticles impregnated on a zeolite substrate. Morphological analysis confirmed the production of one-dimensional nanostructures (carbon nanotubes/nanofibers), with average diameters below 100 nm. Raman spectroscopy revealed a high degree of graphitization, with I_D/I_G ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.58, which is comparable to structures synthesized from conventional precursors. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated high thermal stability and carbon purity reaching up to 90.3%. These findings demonstrate a viable upcycling pathway that enhances the economic attractiveness of composite recycling by transforming waste into advanced nanomaterials. Full article

Magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) have been adopted as effective platforms for water remediation owing to their excellent surface-area-to-volume ratios, tunable surface chemistry, and magnetic separability. This review highlights the recent progress made in the synthesis, properties, and environmental applications in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and one-dimensional magnetic nanofibers. Demonstrated removal rates of organic contaminants such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides are often up to 85–100% under laboratory conditions, with adsorption capacities of 580 mg·g⁻¹ for melanoidin, 397.43 mg·g⁻¹ for Congo Red, and 392.64 mg·g⁻¹ for tetracycline. For heavy metals such as As(V), Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Pb(II), efficiencies are generally between 90–99% with maximum adsorption capacities of 909.1 mg·g⁻¹ for Pb(II). In particular, the review compares major synthesis routes such as coprecipitation, hydrothermal, solvothermal, thermal decomposition, sol–gel, microwave, and green methods by evaluating their effect on particle size (6–50 nm), magnetic properties (saturation magnetization up to ~101 emu·g⁻¹), and removal performance. The four principal mechanisms are described in this paper—adsorption, filtration, transformation, and photocatalysis—giving special emphasis to the advantages of magnetic recovery and advanced oxidation processes. Although most studies remain at the laboratory scale, MNMs demonstrate strong potential for scalable wastewater treatment, provided that toxicity, life-cycle impacts, and matrix effects are carefully evaluated. Full article

We report a galvanic replacement-driven strategy for the in situ growth of highly uniform one-dimensional (1D) Cu@CuO-X (X = Ag, Bi) nanobelts directly on aluminum foils. Unlike conventional multi-step coating or hard-template replication strategies, the formation of these heterostructured nanobelts is governed by a spontaneous interfacial galvanic replacement process between Cu and the introduced metal species, ensuring in situ growth and intimate interfacial integration. Comprehensive SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS characterizations confirm the successful formation of Cu@CuO-Ag and Cu@CuO-Bi architectures, where Bi predominantly exists in the oxidized Bi³⁺ state, forming Bi₂O₃-like surface species. Benefiting from their 1D anisotropic framework and controllable heterointerfaces, this work underscores the distinctiveness and versatility of the self-templated galvanic replacement strategy for the design of multifunctional nanomaterials. Full article

Carbon nanocomposites have gained interest due to the rapid development of nanotechnology. The graphite-based composites have been demonstrated to possess unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This paper presents a facile one-step sonochemical synthesis of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI)/graphite nanocomposite. The weight concentrations of graphite in the prepared material varied from 0% to 33.3%. The morphology and chemical composition of the SbSI/graphite nanocomposites are studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. SEM examination shows that SbSI/graphite nanocomposite consists of one-dimensional SbSI nanostructures and graphite microparticles. The influence of graphite concentration on the energy band gap of SbSI/graphite nanocomposite is investigated using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The prepared materials are cold-pressed to obtain the bulk samples. They are characterized by direct current (DC) electrical measurements and thermoelectric examination. The increase in the graphite concentration in the SbSI/graphite nanocomposite resulted in a significant reduction in the electrical resistivity of the material. The Seebeck coefficients of the pristine SbSI nanowires and SbSI/graphite nanocomposite are determined for the first time. The investigations of the thermoelectric effect reveal that these nanomaterials exhibited p-type electrical conductivity. The thermoelectric power factor of the SbSI/graphite nanocomposite is examined as a function of the graphite concentration. The presented work demonstrates the comprehensive optical, electrical, and thermoelectric characterization of novel hybrid SbSI/graphite nanocomposites, which has not been studied before. Full article

The escalating demand for high-performance energy storage devices has driven extensive research into flexible electrode materials for supercapacitors. Integrating structured carbon nanomaterials with flexible substrates to construct binder-free electrode architectures represents a promising strategy for improving supercapacitor capacitance and rate capability. However, achieving stable, binder-free integration of structure-controlled nanostructured carbon materials with flexible substrates remains a critical challenge. In this study, we report a direct synthesis approach for one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on commercial flexible carbon fabric (CF) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The resulting CNFs exhibit two typical average diameters—approximately 25 nm and 50 nm—depending on the growth temperature, with both displaying highly graphitized structures. Electrochemical characterization of the CNFs/CF composites in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte revealed typical electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior. Notably, the 25 nm-CNFs/CF electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 87.5 F/g, significantly outperforming the 50 nm-CNFs/CF electrode, which reaches 50.2 F/g. Compared with previously reported carbon nanotube CNTs/CF electrodes, the 25 nm-CNFs/CF electrode exhibits superior capacitance and lower resistance. Full article

Graphitic nanomaterials have emerged as foundational components in nanoscience owing to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, which can be tuned by controlling dimensionality and structural order. From zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, carbon nano-onions, and nanodiamonds to one-dimensional (1D) nanoribbons, two-dimensional (2D) nanowalls, and three-dimensional (3D) graphene foams, these architectures underpin advancements in catalysis, energy storage, sensing, and electronic technologies. Among various synthesis routes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provides unmatched versatility, enabling atomic-level control over carbon supply, substrate interactions, and plasma activation to produce well defined graphitic structures directly on functional supports. This review presents a comprehensive, dimension-resolved overview of CVD-derived graphitic nanomaterials, examining how process parameters such as precursor chemistry, temperature, hydrogen etching, and template design govern nucleation, crystallinity, and morphological evolution across 0D to 3D hierarchies. Comparative analyses of Raman, XPS, and XRD data are integrated to relate structural features with growth mechanisms and functional performance. By connecting mechanistic principles across dimensional scales, this review establishes a unified framework for understanding and optimizing CVD synthesis of graphitic nanostructures. It concludes by outlining a path forward for improving how CVD-grown carbon nanomaterials are made, monitored, and integrated into real devices so these can move from lab-scale experiments to practical, scalable technologies. Full article

In this work, by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) a comprehensive theoretical study on the structural, electronic, optical, and vibrational properties of aluminum nitride (Al_xN_x) nanoparticles (NPs) is presented. More than thirty nanostructures were constructed based on an initial cubic-like Al₄N₄ building block, including one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) configurations, as well as asymmetric and defected geometries (also known as exotic geometries). The absorption spectrum was evaluated using the CAM-B3LYP functional while geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies were performed using the PBE functional. All calculations were performed using the triple-ζ valence plus polarization basis set def2-TZVP. The optical spectra revealed strong geometry-dependent modulation of absorption, with red-shifted and broadened UV–Vis features emerging in elongated and low-symmetry geometries. IR analysis indicates a growing number and intensity of vibrational modes with increasing dimensionality, particularly in the 300–470 cm⁻¹ range, which corresponds to Al–N stretching and bending vibrations. Testing different exchange–correlation functionals showed that CAM-B3LYP is a good choice for excited-state calculations, matching well with the EOM-CCSD functional, which, while offering higher precision, imposes significantly higher computational requirements. Overall, the results demonstrate that structural variation in Al_xN_x NPs leads to tunable optoelectronic and spectroscopic behavior. These findings and calculations highlight the potential of AlN-based nanomaterials for applications in ultraviolet photonics, sensors, and future nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Full article

One-dimensional (1D) nanowires represent a critical class of nanomaterials with extensive applications in biosensing, biomedicine, bioelectronics, and energy harvesting. In materials science, accurately extracting their morphological and structural features is essential for effective image segmentation. However, 1D nanowires frequently appear in dispersed or entangled configurations, often with blurred backgrounds and indistinct boundaries, which significantly complicates the segmentation process. Traditional threshold-based methods struggle to segment these structurally complex nanowires with high precision. To address this challenge, we propose a wavelet-based Bilateral Segmentation Network named WaveBiSeNet, to which a Dual Wavelet Convolution Module (DWCM) and a Flexible Upsampling Module (FUM) are introduced to enhance feature representation and improve segmentation accuracy. In this study, we benchmarked WaveBiSeNet against ten segmentation models on a peptide nanowire image dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that WaveBiSeNet achieves, mIoU of 77.59%, an accuracy of 89.95%, an F1 score of 87.22%, and a Kappa coefficient of 74.13%, respectively. Compared to other advanced models, our proposed model achieves better segmentation performance. These findings demonstrate that WaveBiSeNet is an end-to-end deep segmentation network capable of accurately analyzing complex 1D nanowire structures. Full article

The development of lightweight, high-damping building materials is critical for enhancing the seismic resilience of civil infrastructure. This study introduces a novel approach to synergistically improve the damping and mechanical properties of cementitious composites by incorporating one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The novelty lies in (1) a direct comparison of 1D versus 2D carbon nanomaterials efficacy within a vibration-relevant frequency range (0.5–2 Hz); (2) the use of the Ca(OH)₂ orientation index, derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD), to link microstructural texturing with macroscopic dynamic performance; and (3) establishing clear mechanistic link between carbon nanomaterials dispersion, pore structure evolution, and the resultant balance between stiffness and damping. Dynamic mechanical analysis identified an optimal dosage of 0.1% by weight for both nanomaterials. Comprehensive microstructural characterization (SEM, MIP, XRD, TGA/DTG) revealed that the carbon nanomaterials act as nucleation sites, promoting cement hydration and refining the pore structure. This structural enhancement concurrently improved mechanical strength and energy dissipation capacity. The primary damping mechanism was identified as interfacial friction and slippage at the nanofiller–matrix interface. These findings provide fundamental insights for the rational design of high-performance cementitious composites and offer an evidence-based pathway for creating advanced seismic-resistant materials. Full article

Optimal sensing devices exhibit a combination of key performance attributes, including an extensive detection limit, exceptional selectivity, high sensitivity, consistent repeatability, precise measurement, and rapid response times with efficient analyte flow. In recent years, biosensing platforms incorporating nanoscale materials have garnered considerable attention due to their diverse applications across various scientific and technological domains. The integration of nanoparticles (NPs) in biosensor design primarily bridges the dimensional gap between the signal transduction element and the biological recognition component, both of which operate at nanometer scales. The synergistic combination of NPs with electrochemical techniques has facilitated the development of biosensors characterized by enhanced sensitivity and superior analyte discrimination capabilities. This comprehensive analysis examines the evolution and recent advancements in nanomaterial (NM)-based biosensors, encompassing an extensive array of nanostructures. These consists of one-dimensional nanostructures including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanowires (NWs), nanorods (NRs), and quantum dots (QDs), as well as noble metal and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The article examines how advancements in biosensing techniques across a range of applications have been fueled by the growth of nanotechnology. Researchers have significantly improved biosensor performance parameters by utilizing the distinct physiochemical properties of these NMs. The developments have increased the potential uses of nanobiosensors in a wide range of fields, from food safety and biodefense to medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The continuous developments in NM-based biosensors are the result of the integration of several scientific areas, such as analytical chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology. This interdisciplinary approach continues to drive innovations in sensor design, signal amplification strategies, and data analysis techniques, ultimately leading to more sophisticated and capable biosensing platforms. As the field progresses, challenges related to the scalability, reproducibility, and long-term stability of nanobiosensors are being addressed through innovative fabrication methods and surface modification techniques. These efforts aim to translate the promising results observed in laboratory settings into practical, commercially viable biosensing devices that can address real-world analytical challenges across various sectors. Full article

Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one dimension in three-dimensional space is at the nanoscale. In recent years, nano-alumina has attracted much attention due to its large specific surface area and pore volume, as well as novel optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties. This review summarizes the preparation methods of nano-alumina based on the basic phases and properties of alumina materials, focusing on one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional nano-alumina preparation methods, which can provide some theoretical guidance for the subsequent development of efficient nano-alumina materials. Finally, the application of nano-alumina materials in catalysis is reviewed, and some suggestions are provided for improving the use of nano-alumina in the catalysis field. Full article