Search Results (250)

Bioactive components found in tobacco waste, such as nicotine, chlorogenic acid, and solanesol, have significant medical and industrial applications, and the discarding of tobacco waste leads to resource waste while also increasing environmental issues. This study aims to use waste tobacco as a raw material to systematically explore an efficient, economic sequential extraction and purification process for the three bioactive components. Through optimization experiments, factors including extraction solvent, extraction method, and type of adsorption resin were examined. A process integrating solvent extraction with macroporous adsorption resin was developed to sequentially enrich and purify nicotine, chlorogenic acid, and solanesol. In the method, the organic phase in the solvent partitioning extraction is used to obtain highly lipophilic solanesol, while the extracted aqueous layer is directly subjected to elution and separation through a downstream macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography, yielding nicotine and chlorogenic acid in sequence. By this process, nicotine, chlorogenic acid, and solanesol can be sequentially separated and enriched in different fractions with the purities in the final product, with overall recovery of 78.6%, 93.3% and 71.9% from waste tobacco extract, respectively. This approach thus provides a sustainable pathway for the high-value utilization of waste tobacco leaves, offering substantial economic and environmental benefits. Full article

In this study, 20% ethanol elution fraction(PC-20), 40% ethanol elution fraction(PC-40), 60% ethanol elution fraction(PC-60), and 80% ethanol elution fraction (PC-80)of Penthorum chinense polyphenols were obtained using AB-8 macroporous resin . Their in vitro bioactivities were compared to explore potential applications. A comprehensive phytochemical analysis identified 85 compounds, including 16 phenolic acids, 36 flavonoids, 24 hydrolyzed tannins, 7 anthocyanins, and 2 others. The results showed clear ethanol concentration-dependent variations in both compound composition and bioactivity. PC-20 had the highest levels of total polyphenols (418.45 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (84.95 mg/g), and tannins (10.61 mg/g), and also showed the best antioxidant capacity. PC-40 contained the most flavonoids (227.55 mg/g). PC-60 gave the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.79 µg/mL), while PC-20 was most effective against pancreatic lipase (IC₅₀ = 101.06 µg/mL) and also significantly activated the enzymes ADH and ALDH. Overall, PC-20 appears more suitable for applications aimed at antioxidant, anti-obesity, or liver-protective effects, whereas PC-60 is more promising for blood glucose control. This work provides a practical basis for selecting different ethanol fractions of P. chinense polyphenols according to specific functional needs. Full article

This study optimized the extraction, purification, and structural chemical characterization of polysaccharides from fruitless wolfberry bud tea (FWP), and evaluated their antioxidant activities against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Crude FWP was obtained by ultrasonic-assisted water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize decolorization using D301G macroporous resin, achieving a decolorization rate of 74%, a polysaccharide retention rate of 85%, and a protein removal rate of 61%. Two main purified polysaccharide fractions, FWP-1 (52.3 kDa) and FWP-2 (9.95 kDa), were isolated by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Structural analysis revealed that FWP-1 was a neutral heteropolysaccharide rich in glucose and galactose, while FWP-2 was an acidic polysaccharide with a high content of galacturonic acid. In H₂O₂-induced SH-SY5Y cells, both polysaccharides significantly enhanced cell viability, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, scavenged excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential. FWP-2 exhibited stronger ROS-scavenging capacity than FWP-1. This study established reliable methods for the purification and characterization of FWP, and verified their potential as natural antioxidants against neuronal oxidative injury. Full article

In recent years, the green extraction of natural active ingredients has generated widespread attention. And deep eutectic solvents have widely replaced traditional organic solvents. In this study, choline chloride/glycolic acid (1:2) was chosen as the optimal extractant to extract flavonoids from Tartary buckwheat. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: water content of 30%, liquid–solid ratio of 40 mL/g, extraction temperature of 60 °C and extraction time of 40 min. And the extraction efficiency reached 27.22 ± 0.31 mg/g. Then kinetic and thermodynamic mechanisms were investigated comprehensively, and the results showed that the extraction process could be well fitted by Fick’s second law. In addition, macroporous resins were used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The adsorption efficiency of flavonoids on HP20 resins under the optimal conditions (time of 2 h, liquid–resin ratio of 2.5 mL/g, temperature of 25 °C) could reach 80.14 ± 0.33%. Full article

Depletion of reserves of rich copper–porphyry ore deposits necessitates the development of highly efficient methods for Mo (VI) extraction from complex, corrosive hydro-metallurgical media. The present study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of sorptive concentration of Mo (VI) from strongly acidic sulfate solutions (120 g/L H₂SO₄) by employing a spectrum of commercially available strong- and weak-base anion-exchange resins. It has been established that the macroporous weak-base anion exchanger Purolite A-100 demonstrates decisive superiority over gel-type analogs (Lewatit M-800, AB-17), facilitating unimpeded intra-gel diffusion of bulky molybdenyl sulfato-complexes anions, thereby circumventing the obstructive “sieve effect.” Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations revealed that the sorption process exhibits pronounced concentration- and pH-dependent characteristics. Peak extraction efficiency (up to 95.91%) is achieved at pH ≈ 1, a finding that correlates with the region of maximal protonation of tertiary amino groups within the resin matrix. Kinetic acceleration of mass transfer upon heating to 80 °C has been experimentally confirmed, yielding 94.6% extraction within 60 min. The obtained results corroborate the prospective integration of macroporous weak-base anion exchangers into operational hydro-metallurgical schemes as an environmentally benign and efficacious alternative to conventional solvent extraction of molybdenum. Full article

This study aims to achieve the efficient preparation of sunflower calathide flavonoids (SCF) through optimized processes and to elucidate their composition and bioactivity. Total flavonoids were prepared by optimizing the ultra-high-pressure extraction (UHPE) process using a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, followed by purification and enrichment via macroporous resin. The components were identified with UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technology, and their antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity against xanthine oxidase (XOD) were systematically evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: an extraction pressure of 290 MPa, a holding time of 8 min, an ethanol concentration of 67%, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:14 g/mL. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid extraction yield reached 13.52 mg/g, which was further enriched to 16.74 mg/g after purification by macroporous resin. A total of 32 flavonoid compounds were identified, and the purified extract exhibited stronger free radical scavenging ability, total reducing power, ferric ion reducing activity, and XOD inhibitory effect compared to the unpurified extract. The combination of UHPE with macroporous resin separation technology effectively enriches SCF, and the resulting extract possesses both antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for its industrial production and application. Full article

This study presents a novel, integrated membrane–resin hybrid platform for the high-efficiency purification of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid, NANA) from complex microbial fermentation broths. By synergistically combining four sequential stages—ceramic microfiltration (50 nm), ultrafiltration (3 kDa), nanofiltration (150 Da), and dual-resin purification (macroporous adsorption + cation-exchange)—the process achieves stepwise removal of cells, proteins, pigments, monovalent salts, and divalent metal ions without using organic solvents or high-salt buffers. Critically, each stage demonstrates high target recovery: 76.2% (CM), 67.3% (UF), and 77.5% (NF), with near-quantitative retention (>95%) during resin treatment due to NANA’s low hydrophobicity and electrostatic repulsion at pH 6.8. Following optimised acidification crystallisation (acetic acid dosage = 3 × concentrate volume; sialic acid concentrate concentration = 333.49 g/L), the final product reaches 97.9% purity with a crystalline yield of 78.6%. This scalable, green purification strategy eliminates major bottlenecks in downstream processing and enables industrial-scale production of pharmaceutical-grade sialic acid, with broad applicability to other high-value acidic biomolecules. Full article

Low extraction efficiency limits the availability and application of aescins, which exhibit various pharmacological activities. Here, we optimized parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction of aescins from Aesculus chinensis seeds using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-water mixtures. Seven DES formulations were screened, and one providing the highest yield was selected for optimizing the molar ratio. The effects of four parameters were investigated using single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: DES, a 1:1 mixture of 1,3-butanediol and lactic acid, with 42.5% water, used at a liquid-solid ratio of 25 mL/g; ultrasonic frequency, 40 kHz; extraction temperature, 70 °C; and extraction time, 27.5 min. The extraction yield under these conditions was significantly higher than that obtained via traditional methods. Aescin was purified from the DES extract using macroporous resin. AB-8 resin was most efficient in adsorbing aescin in static adsorption tests. Based on dynamic adsorption experiments, optimal separation, with a 100% recovery rate, was achieved by passing four bed volume (BV) of extract through AB-8 column, removing impurities with two BV of deionized water and four BV of 30% ethanol, and eluting with four BV of 60% ethanol at 5–10 mL/min. This green method should be suitable for large-scale applications. Full article

Conventional phenolic-resin-based carbon fiber paper (CFP) typically suffers from low mechanical strength, poor toughness, insufficient pore interconnectivity, and a reliance on extreme high-temperature graphitization to attain high conductivity. This study employs a novel melamine-hexamethylenediamine (MH) thermosetting resin as the binder to fabricate MH resin-based CFP (MHCFP). Through the synergistic effects of robust interfacial bonding, triazine-ring-induced low-temperature formation of sp² carbon clusters, and nitrogen doping, the MHCFP achieves comprehensive performance superiority over the phenol-formaldehyde (PF)-based CFP (PFCFP) at moderate carbonization temperatures (500–700 °C): MHCFP exhibits superior toughness, tensile strengths of 23–45 MPa (vs. PFCFP’s 8–18 MPa), and in-plane resistivity of 24–39 mΩ·cm (vs. PFCFP’s 54–83 mΩ·cm). Furthermore, MHCFP possesses a highly open macroporous structure (porosity > 78%), ensuring excellent gas permeability and water management capability. This work presents a promising low-temperature strategy for developing high-performance CFP, showing great potential for next-generation proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layers. Full article

Macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) are widely used for preparative-scale flavonoid purification, yet rational resin selection remains difficult because flavonoids differ substantially in hydrophobicity, hydrogen-bonding capacity, molecular size, and planarity. This review reorganizes the available literature into a structure-guided and data-supported selection aid rather than a fully predictive model. A systematic search of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and CNKI (January 2000 to February 2026) identified 55 studies for qualitative synthesis. Because many reports describe total flavonoids or mixed extracts rather than explicit single-compound adsorption data, only the subset with sufficiently clear compound-level or narrowly interpretable adsorption information was used for cautious comparative interpretation. Across the compiled evidence, non-polar resins generally favored less polar aglycones and methoxylated flavonoids, whereas medium-polar and polar resins more often performed well for glycosylated or more hydrophilic targets. On this basis, flavonoids were organized into four operational classes linked to recommended resin polarity, indicative adsorption capacity ranges, and typical ethanol-elution windows. A retrospective comparison with independent literature cases suggests practical value for initial resin prioritization, but the framework should be interpreted primarily as a heuristic, trend-based guide rather than as a strictly predictive model, because mixed-matrix effects, pore accessibility, and competitive adsorption can override simple polarity matching. A generalized operating window for adsorption and desorption is also summarized. Overall, this review provides a mechanism-informed starting point for resin screening while making explicit the conditions under which case-specific experiments remain necessary. Full article

The Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel (CCSK) shows great promise as a natural source of bioactive alkaloids. However, there is little data about recovering alkaloids from CCSK by-products after oil extraction using an aqueous method. This study aimed to establish an efficient technology for enriching CCSK alkaloids (including magnoflorine, lindoldhamine and N,N-methyldomesticinium) using macroporous resin technology. The results showed that XR918C resin was the most suitable adsorbent due to its high adsorption/desorption capacity for CCSK alkaloids. The adsorption process was best described by Langmuir isotherm models and pseudo-second-order kinetics; it was spontaneous and physical in nature. The optimum procedure for CCSK alkaloids enrichment using XR918C resin was as follows: for adsorption, the injection flow rate and sample volume were 2.0 BV/h and 7.0 BV, respectively; for desorption, the eluent type, elution flow rate and volume were 80% ethanol, 2.0 BV/h and 6.0 BV, respectively. Furthermore, the scale-up of the CCSK alkaloid enrichment process was performed under optimal conditions. Following the 10-fold scale-up enrichment, the content of CCSK alkaloids was raised 4.41-fold, with a recovery rate of 89.19 ± 0.01%. After nine regeneration cycles, the efficiency of the XR918C resin remained stable, indicating its good reusability. In addition, CCSK alkaloids exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity. This study provides a useful reference for the industrial-scale enrichment of CCSK alkaloids. Full article

Diabetes Mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder, primarily characterized by persistent high blood sugar levels, and it is becoming increasingly prevalent with numerous associated complications. The leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskja, traditionally prepared as a tea beverage in China, is frequently used in folk medicine for managing metabolic syndromes, particularly diabetes and hyperlipidemia. However, the main active components responsible for its hypoglycemic effect and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the main chemical components of the aqueous extract of C. paliurus leaves and to explore their mechanisms of action. The primary constituents from the aqueous extract of C. paliurus leaves were isolated and identified using macroporous adsorption resin, preparative liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The contents of these identified compounds in the leaves were quantified using HPLC. An integrated approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking was initially used to predict the potential molecular targets and associated signaling pathways responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of the compounds, with subsequent experimental validation performed in a hyperglycemic zebrafish model. From the aqueous extract, a total of seven compounds were obtained and subsequently identified as Chlorogenic Acid (CA), Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q3GA), Astragalin, 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid (3,4-DCA), Afzelin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol. Their contents in C. paliurus leaves, as determined by HPLC, were 24.88 mg/g, 30.87 mg/g, 1.21 mg/g, 1.19 mg/g, 5.24 mg/g, 2.43 mg/g, and 1.34 mg/g, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis identified AKT1, TNF, and IL1B as key targets for the hypoglycemic effects of both the aqueous extract and the seven individual compounds. These findings were further supported by RT-PCR experiments in a zebrafish model, which showed that blood glucose regulation occurs through the downregulation of TNF and IL1B and the upregulation of AKT1 protein. The aqueous extract is rich in Chlorogenic Acid, Quercetin, and their derivatives, all of which display significant hypoglycemic activity. Full article

Addressing the need for efficient separation of critical elements from NdFeB magnets, this study introduces, for the first time, a D001 cation exchange resin for the selective separation Co(II) from Nd(III) and Dy(III). At pH 5, the resin adsorbs Nd and Dy with high capacities (97.57 and 86.38 mg/g, respectively) and efficiencies (over 98%), but shows low affinity for Co (26.6% efficiency). The resin exhibits excellent stability across a wide pH range of 2–7 and maintains high adsorption performance over five consecutive cycles. The process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model. Co(II) is effectively desorbed with high purity (>99%) using 2.5 M H₂SO₄. Characterization confirms that adsorption occurs via ion exchange on –SO₃Na groups. This method successfully separates Co, providing a high-purity stream for further rare earth purification and demonstrating strong industrial potential. Full article

To address the challenge of purifying bioactive polyphenols from the complex matrix of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa pulp, this study established an integrated purification protocol combining Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) extraction with macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) enrichment. Among five screened resins, AB-8 exhibited superior selectivity, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 62.48 mg polyphenols/g dry resin and a desorption ratio of 83.40%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process strictly followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.999), indicating a mechanism dominated by chemisorption. Through dynamic optimization, optimal column parameters were determined as a loading concentration of 2.4 mg/mL, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and elution with 70% (v/v) ethanol. Structural characterization via UV-Vis and FT-IR confirmed the effective removal of polysaccharide and protein impurities, while High-Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC) indicated a low-molecular-weight distribution (M_w approx. 1073 Da). Furthermore, HPLC-MS profiling definitively identified eight key constituents, including chlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, and quercetin. Collectively, this work elucidates the adsorption mechanism and provides a scalable, efficient technical foundation for the high-purity preparation of jujube polyphenols. Full article

Chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides leaves is a promising natural antioxidant for food applications, yet its extraction and purification require optimization to improve yield and purity. This study employed ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction on fresh leaves, evaluating the effects of ethanol concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and temperature on CGA yield. Optimal extraction parameters were determined using response surface methodology. Purification with NKA-II macroporous resin increased CGA purity to 82.72%. SEM analysis revealed wrinkled and porous surface structures, while FTIR confirmed the presence of characteristic hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic groups. Under optimized conditions (70% ethanol, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:20 g/mL, 58 °C, 61 min), the extraction yield reached 6.96%. In vitro assays demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with scavenging rates of 96.01% for DPPH, 89.69% for hydroxyl, and 99.82% for ABTS radicals at 5 mg/mL. These findings provide an efficient method for obtaining chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and support its potential as a functional food ingredient. Full article