This study aims to evaluate the effects of total ionizing dose (TID) radiation on the performance of n−MOSFET current mirrors. We propose an ovel experimental approach to analyze the interaction between charge trapping in the MOSFET gate o...
In this work, an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) technique to improve body-driven current mirrors is proposed. The proposed technique is employed to improve the performance of conventional differential-to-single-ended (D2S) converters which at these low volt...
This paper presents a low-power photoplethysmography (PPG) readout system designed for wearable health monitoring. The system employs a differential current mirror (DCM) to convert single-ended PPG currents into differential voltages, inherently supp...
This paper presents a low-noise chopper operational amplifier using a lateral PNP input stage with bipolar junction transistor (BJT) current mirror base current cancellation. The BJT has a lower noise characteristic than the metal–oxide–s...
This brief presents a continuously regulated current mirror topology capable of providing a wide range of currents with high-precision and speed control features. The circuit combines a non-linear current-mode feedback solution for fast and energy-ef...
This paper presents a potentiostat readout circuit with low-noise and mismatch-tolerant current mirror using chopper stabilization and dynamic element matching (DEM) for electrochemical sensors. Current-mode electrochemical sensors are widely used to...
Simple designs of current-mode quadrature oscillators are presented in this work. The main achievement, with regards to the literature, is the minimization of the required transistor count accomplished by the utilization of a suitable lossless integr...
Designing chaotic oscillators using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit technology for generating multi-scroll attractors has been a challenge. That way, we introduce a current-mode piecewise-linear (PWL) function based...
The application of the flipped voltage follower to implement two high-performance circuits is presented: (1) The first is a class AB cascode flipped voltage follower that shows an improved slew rate and an improved bandwidth by very large factors and...
Negative differential resistance (NDR) is inherent in many electronic devices, in which, over a specific voltage range, the current decreases with increasing voltage. Semiconductor structures with NDR have several unique properties that stimulate the...
The paper deals with the immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of the current source for Ultra-Low-Voltage Integrated Circuits (ICs). Based on the properties of IC building blocks, such as the current-splitter and current correlator, a novel...
A crucial component of digital integrated circuits with numerous power domains is the level shifter (LS). The traditional topologies are currently the mirror LS and cross-coupled LS. For full-swing level conversions from extremely low voltage to the...
Scanning mirrors appear to be key components in optoelectronic systems for line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization. For improving the angular accuracy of a scanning mirror based on the eddy current displacement sensor measurement, an angular error-correcti...
Although Moore’s Law reaches its limits, it has never applied to analog and RF circuits. For example, due to the short channel effect (SCE), drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and sub-threshold slope (SS)…, longer transistors are req...
Electronic devices and circuits with negative differential resistance (NDR) are widely used in oscillators, memory devices, frequency multipliers, mixers, etc. Such devices and circuits usually have an N-, S-, or Λ-type current-voltage charact...
A three-phase GaN-based motor inverter IC with three integrated phase current mirror sensors (sense-FETs or sense-HEMTs, 1200:1 ratio), a temperature sensor, and an amplifier is presented and experimentally operated. The three low-side currents are r...
In this work, a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) based on an improved regulated cascode current mirror (IRCCM) is presented. The proposed IRCCM improves the loop-gain of the gain-boosting branch over the conventional RCCM PUF, thereby increasing...
This manuscript presents an ultra-low-power analog multiplier–divider compatible with digital code words, which is applicable to the integrated structure of resistive random-access memory (RRAM)-based computing-in-memory (CIM) macros. Current m...
This paper presents a temperature-robust current-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver (or CMVD) fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS process. While prior art relies on conventional current-mirror circuits for bias generation, th...
This paper presents a comprehensive design tutorial for four types of single-stage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs): (1) five-transistor OTAs, (2) telescopic cascode OTAs, (3) folded cascode OTAs, and (4) current mirror OTAs. These OTAs...
In floating gate compute-in-memory (CIM) chips, due to the gate equivalent capacitance of the large-scale array and the parasitic capacitance of the long-distance transmission wire, it is difficult to balance the switching speed and area of the word...
This work presents a novel compact CMOS potentiostat-designed circuit for an electrochemical cell. The proposed topology functions as a circuit interface, controlling the polarization of voltage signals at the sensor electrodes and facilitating curre...
This paper presents a current-mode VCSEL driver (CMVD) implemented using 180 nm CMOS technology for application in short-range LiDAR sensors, in which current-steering logic is suggested to deliver modulation currents from 0.1 to 10 mApp and a bias c...
A highly linear fully self-biased class AB current buffer designed in a standard 0.18
An ultra-low-voltage low-power switched-capacitor (SC) delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator running at a supply voltage as low as 300 mV is presented for biomedical implant devices, e.g., cardiac pacemakers. To reduce the supply voltage, an inverter-based ampl...
Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers in UVA band (UVA VCSELs) operating at a central wavelength of 395 nm are designed by employing PICS3D(2021) software. The simulation results indicate that the thickness of the InGaN quantum well and GaN barrier...
This paper presents a voltage level shifter (VLS) based on two feedback loops. The complementary feedback signals in the high voltage domain are re-used to assist voltage conversion and the complementary phase in the low voltage domain is not require...
This paper presents three different types of on-chip avalanche photodiodes (APDs) realized in a TSMC 180 nm 1P6M RF CMOS process, i.e., a P+/N-well (NW) APD for its high responsivity and large bandwidth by excluding slow diffusion currents; a P+/Deep...
A modified architecture of a comparator to achieve high slew rate and boosted gain with an improvement in gain design error is introduced and investigated in this manuscript. It employs the conventional architecture of common-mode current feedback wi...
The goal of stroke rehabilitation is to establish a robust protocol for patients to live independently in community. Firstly, we examined the impact of 3 hybridized transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-mirror therapy interventions on activi...
The demand for CMOS precision operational amplifiers for critical applications has continuously increased over time due to higher accuracy and sensitivity requirements. Trimming or chopper architectures are advanced solutions that reduce the offset v...
We investigate the effect of time-dependent boundary conditions on the dynamics of a quantum bouncer—a particle falling in a homogeneous gravitational field on a moving mirror. We examine more particularly the way a moving mirror modifies the p...
A 3 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) MEMS mirror is presented which can direct the light beam on an objective point and also operate in a continuous resonance 2 DOF mode. The micro-mirror is actuated by Lorentz force and has 4 actuators embedded in 4 sides of...
In this work, an interface circuit applied to resistive gas or chemical sensors is proposed. The interface circuit includes a detection front-end, a single-end to differential circuit, a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC),...
It has been known that negative feedback loops (internal and external) in a SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) DC current mirrors improve single-event transient (SET) response; both the peak transient current and the settling time signific...
Mirror symmetry is an important and common feature of the visual world, which has attracted the interest of scientists, artists, and philosophers for centuries. The human visual system is very sensitive to mirror symmetry; symmetry is detected quickl...
This paper presents a novel transistor-level design of a modified second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII), which incorporates two differential current inputs (Y+ and Y−) and gives a voltage output at terminal X that mirrors the sum of these c...
Mirrors are a subset of optical components essential for the success of current and future space missions. Most of the telescopes for space programs ranging from earth observation to astrophysics and covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum from x...
Based on microelectronic mechanical system (MEMS) processing, a large-size 2-D scanning mirror (6.5 mm in diameter) driven by electromagnetic force was designed and implemented in this paper. We fabricated the micromirror with a silicon wafer and sel...
A semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol makes it possible for a quantum party and a classical party to generate a secret shared key. However, many existing SQKD protocols are not experimentally feasible in a secure way using current technology...
A micro scanning mirror is an optical device used to scan laser beams which can be used for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) in applications like unmanned driving or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The MEMS scanning mirror’s light-weight and low-po...
A versatile MEMS micro-mirror for optical platforms is presented, that operates using Lorentz force for actuation, resulting in low voltage operation. While maintaining below 20 mA drive current, this mirror has a tilting angle of over 50° and 20° ar...
It is important to underline that the history of Canon Law has a specific significance, even considering the methodological opportunity to find and to reconsider documents, periods, and personalities in order to modify and to enhance already acquired...
18 December 2025
This paper presents a self-contained startup charging circuit designed for energy-harvesting batteryless IoT devices. The proposed circuit consists of a current-biasing block, a current mirror, a reference voltage generator, and a comparator circuit....
This paper proposes a method of fault line selection for a DC distribution network. Firstly, the 1-mode current is calculated using the measured currents of the positive and the negative line. Then, it is time reversed and further decomposed by wavel...
This article presents the results of a numerical analysis of a nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The analyzed laser features an upper mirror composed of a monolithic high-contrast grating (MHCG) and a dielectric bottom mir...
At present, off-axis three-mirror optical systems mostly adopt aspherical mirrors with small apertures and small F/# to meet the development requirements of remote sensing payloads towards high precision, small volume, and lightweight design. However...
This paper deals with the monitoring of power transistor current subjected to radio-frequency interference. In particular, a new current sensor with no connection to the power transistor drain and with improved performance with respect to the existin...
Precise measurements of nuclear beta decays provide a unique insight into the Standard Model due to their connection to the electroweak interaction. These decays help constrain the unitarity or non-unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maska...
Micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEMS) micromirrors are an enabling technology for mobile image projectors (pico-projectors). Low size and low power are the crucial pico-projector constraints. In this work, we present a fast method for the optimizatio...
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