310 Results Found

The Zhurong rover of China’s Tianwen-1 mission started its inspection tour on Mars in May 2021. As a major scientific payload onboard the Zhurong rover, the Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) instrument adopts laser-induced breakdown...

The sample carried back by the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) is a potential flagship mission of deep space exploration in recent years. A low-gravity simulation experiment is an effective method and a necessary stage for verifying the performance of the...

The study of the aerodynamics of a flight vehicle under Martian air conditions is experimentally difficult due to its characteristics such as low air density and temperature, making the vehicle operate at an ultra-low Reynolds number, which in turn i...

Space exploration has attracted significant interest by government agencies and the scientific community in recent years in an attempt to explore possible scenarios of settling of facilities on the Moon and Mars surface. One of the important componen...

Tribological testing of moving shaft/sealing pairs in complex environments is at the frontline of research. Machines working in abrasive conditions are subject to different wear effects. It is not only valid on Earth but especially valid for rovers a...

The use of planetary regolith can be explored via the utilization of simulants. The existing Martian simulants have differences due to varying source materials and design parameters. Additional simulants are needed because the few available simulants...

Deep space exploration by humans has become more realistic, with planned returns to the Moon, travel to Mars, and beyond. Space radiation with a low dose rate would be a constant risk for space travelers. The combined effects of space radiation and p...

In this study, we develop a simulation of Contact Graph Routing (CGR) for data communication between Mars, Earth, and relay satellites. Due to the changing of the satellites’ distances to Mars and Earth, respectively, there are specific contact...

Heavy payloads in future shuttle journeys to Mars present limiting factors, making self-sustenance essential for future colonies. Therefore, in situ resources utilization (ISRU) is the path to successful and feasible space voyages. This research fram...

Growing food autonomously on Mars is challenging due to the Martian soil’s low nutrient content and high salinity. Understanding how plants adapt and evaluating their nutritional attributes are pivotal for sustained Mars missions. This research...

A Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) instrument mounted on Zhurong rover of Tianwen-1, adopts Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), with no sample preparation or dust and coatings ablation required, to conduct rapid multi-elemental a...

The mechanical behaviors of Martian regolith-structure interfaces are of great significance for the design of rover, development of excavation tools, and construction of infrastructure in Mars exploration. This paper presents an experimental investig...

This review examines advancements in Mars habitation technologies, emphasizing Earth-based analog missions and closed-loop life support systems critical for long-duration human presence on the Red Planet. The paper categorizes major simulation projec...

The probe of China’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, has been successfully launched. It will carry out scientific exploration on the topography, soil characteristics, water ice, climate, ionosphere, and physical fields of Mars. Different f...

Laboratory simulation is the only feasible way to achieve Martian environmental conditions on Earth, establishing a key link between the laboratory and Mars exploration. The mineral phases of some Martian surface materials (especially hydrated minera...

The response of the desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 010 was tested in Mars simulations to investigate the possibility of photosynthesis in near-surface protected niches. This cyanobacterium colonizes lithic niches enriched in far-re...

While fluvial features are plentiful on Mars and offer valuable insights into past surface conditions, the climatic conditions inferred from these valleys, like precipitation and surface runoff discharges, remain the subject of debate. Model-based es...

In the present work, for the first time, free vibration response of angle ply laminates with uncertainties is attempted using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO), Gaussian Pr...

In experimental chambers for simulating the atmospheric near-surface conditions of Mars, or in situ measurements on Mars, the measurement of the humidity in carbon dioxide gas at low temperature and under low pressure is needed. For this purpose, pol...

To make feasible the crewed missions to the Moon or Mars, space research is focusing on the development of bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) designed to produce food crops based on in situ resource utilisation (ISRU), allowing to reduce ter...

Liquid water is well known as the life ingredient as a solvent. However, so far, it has only been found in liquid state on this planetary surface. The aim of this experiment and technological development was to test if a moss sample is capable of sur...

In the current work, a multiscale model was developed coupling a macro-model with the macromechanical physically based yield strength and a crystal plasticity model with micromechanical properties and realistic grain orientation based on the represen...

The water content of the upper layers of the surface of Mars is not yet quantified. Laboratory simulations are the only feasible way to investigate this in a controlled way on Earth, and then compare it with remote and in situ observations of spacecr...

The waters that were present on early Mars may have been habitable. Characterising environments analogous to these waters and investigating the viability of their microbes under simulated martian chemical conditions is key to developing hypotheses on...

The discovery of life on other planets and moons in our solar system is one of the most important challenges of this era. The second ExoMars mission will look for traces of extant or extinct life on Mars. The instruments on board the rover will be ab...

The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of convective precipitation modelled by the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) over 1987–2017 to four newly implemented convective schemes: the Bech...

Higher plants will play a key role in human survival in Space, being able to regenerate resources and produce fresh food. However, the creation of a fertile substrate based on extra-terrestrial soils is still a challenge for space cultivation. We eva...

Compared with typical Earth soil, Martian soil and Mars simulant soils have distinct properties, including pH > 8.0 and high contents of silicates, iron-rich minerals, sulfates, and metal oxides. This unique soil matrix poses a major challenge for...

We describe a versatile simulation chamber that operates under representative space conditions (pressures from < 10⁻⁵ mbar to ambient and temperatures from 163 to 423 K), the SpaceQ chamber. This chamber allows to test instrumentation, proce...

Mars exploration will foresee the design of bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs), in which the use/recycle of in situ resources might allow the production of food crops. However, cultivation on the poorly-fertile Mars regolith will be very ch...

Five bacterial (facultatively) anaerobic strains, namely Buttiauxella sp. MASE-IM-9, Clostridium sp. MASE-IM-4, Halanaerobium sp. MASE-BB-1, Trichococcus sp. MASE-IM-5, and Yersinia intermedia MASE-LG-1 isolated from different extreme natural environ...

The search for life on Mars is predicated on the idea that Earth and Mars life (if present) should be both carbon- and water-based with similar forms of evolution. However, the astrobiology community can currently only investigate plausible Martian m...

Large discrepancies can occur between building energy performance simulation (BEPS) outputs and reference data. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are performed to discover the significant contributions of each input parameter to these discrepancie...

For space missions to either the Moon or Mars, protecting mechanical moving parts from the abrasive effects of prevailing surface dust is crucial. This paper compares the abrasive effects of two lunar and two Martian simulant regoliths using special...

One of the primary current astrobiological goals is to understand the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Ea...

This study investigates the resilience of the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris to extreme atmospheric conditions simulating those of Mars, Jupiter, and Titan. Using Earth as a control, experiments were conducted under autotrophic and mi...

Concerns about the energy performance of heritage buildings have grown exponentially over the last decade. However, actions have been limited to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Another perspective must be studied—the thermal comfort...

Models can provide valuable decision support in the ongoing effort to create a sustainable and effective modality mix in urban settings. Modern transportation infrastructures must meaningfully combine public transport with other mobility initiatives...

The study of planetary environments of astrobiological interest has become a major challenge. Because of the obvious technical and economical limitations on in situ planetary exploration, laboratory simulations are one of the most feasible research o...

Colloids may have an important role in regulating the structure and function of groundwater ecosystems, and may influence the migration of low solubility contaminants in groundwater. There is, however, a degree of uncertainty about how colloids behav...

The current trend towards living in big cities contributes to an increased demand for efficient and sustainable space and resource allocation in urban environments. This leads to enormous pressure for resource minimization in city planning. One pilla...

The success of an astrobiological search for life campaign on Mars, or other planetary bodies in the Solar System, relies on the detectability of past or present microbial life traces, namely, biosignatures. Spectroscopic methods require little or no...

China’s Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on Mars on 15 May 2021, and it is currently conducting an exploration mission on the Red Planet. This paper develops slip estimation models for the Mars rover Zhurong based on the data drive approa...

We explore the possibility of using the external regions of galaxy clusters to measure their mass accretion rate (MAR). The main goal is to provide a method to observationally investigate the growth of structures on the nonlinear scales of galaxy clu...

This paper proposes a methodology for numerical modeling of terraforming Mars’ atmosphere using high-energy asteroid impact and greenhouse gas production processes. The developed simulation model uses a spatial data science approach to analyze the Gl...

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a complex and hidden process of storing surplus water under the ground surface and extracting it as, when and where needed. Evaluation of the success of any MAR project is challenging due to uncertainty in estimating...

As part of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission, the Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) instrument on the Zhurong rover adopts laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to perform chemical component detection of the materials on the Marti...

Compared to detection methods employed by Mars rovers and orbiters, the employment of Mars UAVs presents clear advantages. However, the unique atmospheric conditions on Mars pose significant challenges to the design and operation of such UAVs. One of...

To study the impact of model horizontal resolution on the simulated climate of Mars, we increased the model resolution of the Mars general circulation model MarsWRF from the commonly used 5° × 5° (standard resolution, SR) to 3° &tim...

Due to their excellent heat resistance, superalloys are used predominantly in the manufacturing of engine parts and accessories for aircraft and aerospace equipment. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP-5) code was performed to estimate the mean track le...