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Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge
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Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2023) | Viewed by 9579

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bo Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: wastewater treatment; biological nutrient removal; sludge treatment; anaerobic digestion; greenhouse gas emission
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jiantao Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: water pollution control; wastewater treatment; wastewater resources recovery; biological nutrient removal; transportation of pollutant
Dr. Zheng Ge

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: wastewater treatment; membrane separation; membrane bioreactor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to population growth and economic development, eutrophication has become a major problem in waterbodies around the world, and nutrients are a key factor contributing to this issue. Biological nutrient removal has become one of the key challenges for wastewater treatment facilities. In addition, the resource utilization of sludge makes treatment plants more sustainable. This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for global researchers to disseminate recent technological developments and engineering solutions in the areas of wastewater treatment and sludge reutilization. Within this context, we would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue and to disseminate your findings with respect to the biological treatment of sewage and the resource utilization of sludge.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advances in the development of innovative wastewater treatment technologies;
  • New insights on sustainable nutrient removal from wastewater;
  • Membrane-based wastewater treatment and resource recovery;
  • Improvements in sludge digestion;
  • Nutrient removal technologies compatible with anaerobic treatment processes;
  • Post-treatment strategies for anaerobic effluents;
  • Biological treatment of landfill leachate.

Dr. Bo Wang
Prof. Dr. Jiantao Ji
Dr. Zheng Ge
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • nitrogen
  • phosphorus
  • sludge treatment
  • anaerobic digestion

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1984 KiB  
Article
Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio
by Wei Zhang, Zhixuan Yin, Ruihuan Gu, Changqing Liu, Nan Xu, Zhifu Sun, Lu Jing and Xinyuan Niu
Water 2023, 15(16), 2902; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162902 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1355
Abstract
Brewery wastewater is characterized by a high organic matter content and low pH, which may cause serious ecological hazards if it is discharged without any treatment. In this study, brewery wastewater treatment was integrated with anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Additionally, the [...] Read more.
Brewery wastewater is characterized by a high organic matter content and low pH, which may cause serious ecological hazards if it is discharged without any treatment. In this study, brewery wastewater treatment was integrated with anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Additionally, the effects of temperature and mixing ratio of brewery wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the brewery wastewater mixing ratio (v/v) of 20% could maximize the biogas production during anaerobic digestion at the temperature of 34 °C. Additionally, regulating the appropriate mixing ratio, increasing operating temperature and adjusting pH were effective ways to enhance anaerobic digestion efficiency. Furthermore, the distribution of microbial communities was confirmed to be significantly influenced by the mixing ratio of brewery wastewater using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. With the increasing mixing ratio of brewery wastewater, Firmicutes gradually dominated instead of Chloroflexi. Meanwhile, Methanolinea and Methanosarcina became the dominant methanogens, while the proportion of Methanothrix was significantly reduced. The results of this study will provide data to support the practical process operation of anaerobic co-digestion of brewery wastewater and municipal sewage sludge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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13 pages, 2804 KiB  
Article
A Novel Layered and Advanced Nitrogen Removal Filter with Gravel and Embedded Bio-Organic Carrier Based on Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Pathways
by Zhaoxu Peng, Minghui Liu, Tingmei Li, Wangcheng Zhang, Yanpeng Wang, Luji Yu and Jiantao Ji
Water 2023, 15(10), 1919; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101919 - 18 May 2023
Viewed by 1073
Abstract
Given increasingly prominent environmental issues, there is a pressing need to satisfy more stringent emission standards for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) while concurrently prioritizing energy conservation; a new up-flow layered nitrogen removal filter was constructed on a laboratory scale using gravel (for the [...] Read more.
Given increasingly prominent environmental issues, there is a pressing need to satisfy more stringent emission standards for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) while concurrently prioritizing energy conservation; a new up-flow layered nitrogen removal filter was constructed on a laboratory scale using gravel (for the bottom and top layers) and embedded bio-organic carriers (for the middle layer) containing microorganisms as fillers to treat the secondary effluent by introducing a portion of raw water. This study investigated the nitrogen removal effectiveness and transfer pathways of synthetic wastewater at varying mixing ratios, promoted the enrichment of Anammox Bacteria (AnAOB) by embedding microorganisms, and analyzed the microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The findings showed that the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was achieved with chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+-N), and nitrate (NO3−-N) contents in the mixture at 77, 10, and 8 mg·L−1, respectively, with an average efficiency of 89.42%. NO3−-N was mostly removed through denitrification (heterotrophic), while NH4+-N was eliminated by partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox, autotrophic). According to high-throughput sequencing results, denitrifying bacteria such as Thauera (1.30–6.96%), Flavobacterium (0.18–0.40%), and Parcubacteria (0.14–0.32%) were present in all the filter layers, and Anammox bacteria such as Candidatus_Kuenenia were predominant in the middle layer at a 0.88% abundance, with the aid of organic carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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14 pages, 3042 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on Carbon Emission of the Cyanobacteria Mud Disposal Process
by Liying Wang, Youcai Li and Qingbo Zhang
Water 2023, 15(3), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030528 - 28 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1692
Abstract
Endogenous pollutants such as cyanobacteria have an essential impact on the global carbon cycle and climate. Finding a reasonable way to dispose of them has become an urgent task for current watershed management and ecological restoration. According to the engineering practice of cyanobacteria [...] Read more.
Endogenous pollutants such as cyanobacteria have an essential impact on the global carbon cycle and climate. Finding a reasonable way to dispose of them has become an urgent task for current watershed management and ecological restoration. According to the engineering practice of cyanobacteria treatment by aerobic fermentation, the carbon emissions of three typical cyanobacterial resource utilization processes, aerobic fermentation without auxiliary materials, aerobic fermentation with auxiliary materials, and incineration for power generation, are compared in this paper, using the mandatory guidelines by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results show that the treatment of cyanobacterial mud through aerobic fermentation without auxiliary materials can realize the goal of the harmless recycling of cyanobacterial resources with less carbon emissions, at 175.3 kg CO2·t−1. In addition, each link’s impact on the overall carbon emission process was analyzed. In aerobic fermentation with auxiliary materials, the carbon emissions were significantly contributed by the auxiliary materials, which was accounted for 46.3% of the carbon emission of the whole process and 32.77% of the drying-incineration process. In contrast, with the lowest carbon emission level, aerobic fermentation without auxiliary materials can avoid the production of carbon emissions caused by auxiliary fermentation materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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14 pages, 2735 KiB  
Article
Development of Fouling-Control Strategy for Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor Applied in Partial Nitrification Process
by Bingxin Li, Ruochen Wang, Weiwei Zuo, Yi Peng, Dong An, Liang Zhang and Zheng Ge
Water 2023, 15(3), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030444 - 22 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1576
Abstract
A lab-scale ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) with active membrane-fouling control system was developed for the partial nitrification (PN) process. The in situ membrane cleaning method was applied to remove the contaminants on the surface of the membrane with no interruption of the wastewater [...] Read more.
A lab-scale ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) with active membrane-fouling control system was developed for the partial nitrification (PN) process. The in situ membrane cleaning method was applied to remove the contaminants on the surface of the membrane with no interruption of the wastewater treatment. The results showed that the device increased critical flux and reduced gel layer resistance (Rg) and internal resistance (Ri) of the flat-sheet ceramic membrane by inhibiting the formation of the cake layer. In long-term experiments, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was successfully suppressed, and nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was achieved at a high level, up to 90.09%; the effluent NO2−-N/NH4+-N was maintained in balance dynamically with an average ratio of ~1.30, which would be beneficial to the proliferation of Anammox bacteria and the following autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) process. Moreover, with the assistance of in situ cleaning, energy input from aeration was significantly reduced, while over aeration was avoided for more stable PN performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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14 pages, 2413 KiB  
Article
Green and Sustainable Treatment of Urine Wastewater with a Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor for Space Applications
by Chengbo Zhan, Liangchang Zhang, Weidang Ai and Wenyi Dong
Water 2022, 14(22), 3704; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223704 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
Sustainability has been a concern of survival for future long-term manned space missions. Therefore, the wastewater generated by the crew members, containing urine and hygiene wastewater, should be treated with appropriate biological processes to promote recycling efficiency. In this study, we developed a [...] Read more.
Sustainability has been a concern of survival for future long-term manned space missions. Therefore, the wastewater generated by the crew members, containing urine and hygiene wastewater, should be treated with appropriate biological processes to promote recycling efficiency. In this study, we developed a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) that could achieve up to 96% total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency and up to 82% denitrification efficiency for an influent with 370–390 mg/L TOC and 500–600 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) without additional carbon source or sludge discharge. The nitrogen removal rate was about 100 mg N L−1 d−1. Metagenomic analysis indicated the presence of a variety of nitrifying, denitrifying, and anammox bacteria in the microbial community and existence of functional genes in nitrification, denitrification, and anammox pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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7 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
N2O Emission from Partial Nitrification and Full Nitrification in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Process
by Pengzhang Li, Yongzhen Peng, Shuying Wang and Yue Liu
Water 2022, 14(20), 3195; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203195 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
Using actual domestic wastewater as the research object, nitrogen compounds and their combinations were added to different nitrification (partial nitrification, full nitrification) processes to investigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and its nitrification mechanisms. The presence of influent NH4+ was [...] Read more.
Using actual domestic wastewater as the research object, nitrogen compounds and their combinations were added to different nitrification (partial nitrification, full nitrification) processes to investigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and its nitrification mechanisms. The presence of influent NH4+ was the driving force of N2O emission during nitrification. Compared with full nitrification, NO2− in partial nitrification more readily generated N2O by denitrification. Under the proportional gradient of NH4+-N:NO2−-N/NO3−-N, 30:0, 20:10, 10:20, and 0:30, total N2O emissions during partial nitrification were 2.81, 11.30, 65.20, and 11.67 times greater than the total N2O emissions during full nitrification. Full nitrification was more beneficial to N2O emission reduction. This provides a control strategy for N2O emission reduction in wastewater treatment processes under the background of reducing the production of greenhouse gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Treatment of Sewage and Resource Utilization of Sludge)
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