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Advanced Oxidation and Photocatalytic Approaches for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 1884

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Liping Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Interests: semiconductors; photocatalysis; water pollution control; density functional theory calculation; environmental remediation
Dr. Changyu Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Water Resource and Environment, Hebei Geo University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
Interests: water purification; semiconductors; catalysis; sediment; ecological remediation; environmental chemistry; density functional theory calculation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue, “Advanced Oxidation and Photocatalytic Approaches for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment”, is to develop and optimize innovative methods for the effective removal of organic contaminants from water sources. Organic pollutants, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals, can pose significant threats to human health and the environment if not properly treated. Traditional water treatment methods often fall short in completely degrading these complex and recalcitrant molecules.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and photocatalytic approaches represent promising solutions due to their ability to generate highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can oxidize a wide range of organic compounds to non-toxic end products like carbon dioxide and water. These methods leverage UV light, ozone, and heterogeneous catalysts to enhance the degradation efficiency and minimize the formation of harmful by-products.

The significance of this Special Issue lies in the critical need to improve water quality and ensure safe drinking water globally. The rising prevalence of organic pollutants in water systems necessitates the development of more effective and sustainable treatment technologies. By focusing on advanced oxidation and photocatalytic techniques, researchers aim to address the current limitations of water treatment efficacy, reduce environmental impact, and pave the way for more widespread and cost-effective solutions in water purification. This research also contributes to the broader field of environmental science by providing insights into the mechanisms and optimization of processes that can be applied to various environmental remediation challenges.

Dr. Liping Wang
Dr. Changyu Lu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced oxidation process
  • photocatalytic semiconductors
  • organic pollutants
  • water treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3167 KiB  
Article
Visible Light-Driven Z-Scheme CNQDs/Ag3PO4 Octopod-Shaped Nanostructures with Exposed {110} Facets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation
by Xiaoze Yin, Yuxin Xiao, Chaoyue Wu and Jinnan Wang
Water 2025, 17(11), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111594 - 25 May 2025
Viewed by 149
Abstract
Although Ag3PO4 possessed high quantum yield (approximately 90%) and strong oxidation potential, its practical application was limited due to serious photocorrosion and inadequate stability. To improve the anti-photocorrsion ability, carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) were loaded on octopod-like Ag3 [...] Read more.
Although Ag3PO4 possessed high quantum yield (approximately 90%) and strong oxidation potential, its practical application was limited due to serious photocorrosion and inadequate stability. To improve the anti-photocorrsion ability, carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) were loaded on octopod-like Ag3PO4 with {110}-faceted rhombic dodecahedrons. The CNQDs stabilized the high-energy {110} facets via carboxylate-mediated interactions, facilitating oriented assembly into 3D octopod configurations. More importantly, a Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed between CNQDs and Ag3PO4 for electrons transfer from Ag3PO4 to CNQDs, which could not only maintain strong redox potentials but also suppress carrier recombination. The 12.5%CNQDs/Ag3PO4 composite achieved a more than 90% removal of methyl orange within 13 min. Radical trapping and EPR analyses indicated that holes of Ag3PO4 played a dominant role in organics degradation. In addition, •O2−, which was generated from the O2 reduction by photogenerated electrons of CNQDs, also participated in the degradation of organics. This work provides a facet-controlled heterojunction design strategy, leveraging quantum-confined CNQDs to enhance charge kinetics and molecular oxygen activation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation and Photocatalytic Approaches for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment)
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16 pages, 1491 KiB  
Article
Advancing Waterborne Fungal Spore Control: UV-LED Disinfection Efficiency and Post-Treatment Reactivation Analysis
by Paola Duque-Sarango, Nicole Delgado-Armijos, Leonardo Romero-Martínez, Darío Cruz and Verónica Pinos-Vélez
Water 2025, 17(7), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070922 - 21 Mar 2025
Viewed by 721
Abstract
The presence of fungal spores in water poses a significant risk to public health, requiring effective inactivation strategies. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a widely used approach, traditionally employing mercury vapor lamps. However, these lamps have efficiency limitations and contain hazardous materials. As an [...] Read more.
The presence of fungal spores in water poses a significant risk to public health, requiring effective inactivation strategies. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a widely used approach, traditionally employing mercury vapor lamps. However, these lamps have efficiency limitations and contain hazardous materials. As an alternative, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have emerged as a safer and more sustainable option. Despite their advantages, research on their efficacy against fungal spores remains limited. This study investigates the inactivation and post-exposure response of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. spores using a collimated UV-LED system. The impact of two different wavelengths (265 nm and 280 nm) and post-treatment conditions (light and darkness for 24 h) on fungal viability was analyzed. Kinetic modeling was applied to assess the resistance of the spores and their capacity for photoreactivation. The results demonstrate that both the UV wavelength and the environmental conditions after exposure significantly influence disinfection outcomes. Penicillium sp. exhibited greater susceptibility to UV radiation but also higher photoreactivation potential, while A. niger showed stronger resistance and lower recovery capacity. The UV dose required for 99% inactivation, considering photoreactivation effects, was 323.7 ± 90.0 mJ cm−2 and 321.9 ± 43.8 mJ cm−2 for A. niger, whereas for Penicillium sp., it was 167.7 ± 13.0 mJ cm−2 and 146.5 ± 29.2 mJ cm−2 at 265 nm and 280 nm, respectively. These findings emphasize the necessity of tailoring UV-LED disinfection strategies based on the specific characteristics of the target organisms and post-treatment environmental factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation and Photocatalytic Approaches for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment)
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12 pages, 4420 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of MoS2@Fe3O4 Magnetic Catalysts with Photo-Fenton Reaction for Enhancing Tetracycline Degradation
by Zong-Lai Liu, Jia-Hong Sun, Bing Liu, Ya-Nan Chen and Wei Feng
Water 2025, 17(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020235 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 703
Abstract
Tetracycline (TCs) is widely used in the treatment of human and animal infectious disease. TCs gives rise to a growing threat to the human health and environment protection due to its overuse. Therefore, it is important to remove TCs contaminants from waste effluents. [...] Read more.
Tetracycline (TCs) is widely used in the treatment of human and animal infectious disease. TCs gives rise to a growing threat to the human health and environment protection due to its overuse. Therefore, it is important to remove TCs contaminants from waste effluents. In this work, MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic material was fabricated by the simple hydrothermal method, which was applied in the photo-Fenton system to degrade TCs. The crystal structure, surface morphology, elemental composition, chemical state, electrochemical properties, and separability of MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Furthermore, MoS2@Fe3O4 could degrade 98.6% of TCs within 60 min under the optimum reaction conditions (the catalyst dosage of 3 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 5 mmol/L, the initial TCs concentration of 50 mg/L, and the initial pH of 5), which was a significant increase compared with pure Fe3O4. MoS2 can accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle through electron transfer from Mo4+ to Fe3+, resulting in the improvement in the degradation efficiency of TCs. The quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that OH• and photogenic hole h+ was the main active species in the photo-Fenton system. What is more, MoS2@Fe3O4 catalytic materials had remarkable stability and reusability, and can be handily regained via magnetic separation technology in a real scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation and Photocatalytic Approaches for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment)
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