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Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II)

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 5908

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mirna Habuda-Stanic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 18, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: water quality monitoring; drinking water and wastewater treatment; adsorption; arsenic; nutrients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 21st century has brought about many challenges for humankind, among which demands for the continuous availability of safe water takes priority. Water is a unique and unreplaceable natural resource that is crucial for human health and wellbeing, and despite this fact, each day we are witnessing human interruptions to the water cycle, where water pollution is one of the major negative ones.

The World Economic Forum ranks the water crisis in the top three global risks, while the General Assembly of United Nations (UN) has proclaimed the period from 2018 to 2028 as the UN Water Action Decade in order to improve educational outreach related to water and water pollution control and to improve communication to achieve water-related goals.

For the achievement of those ambitious goals, effective water treatments, i.e., the effective removal of nutrients and pollutants from wastewater, should be applied prior to the discharge of wastewater into ecosystems.

As the Guest Editor for this Special Issue, “Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II)”, I have the honour of inviting you to publish a feature paper in Water, as a contribution to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially regarding Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

Within this framework, for this Special Issue, I would like to invite original research contributions, review articles, as well as short communications that emphasize and give an overview of the novel approaches to wastewater treatment, especially those focused on the latest achievements and novel techniques, materials, and methods for effective nutrient and pollutant removal from wastewater. Please feel free to reach out to me or [email protected] should you have any questions. 

Prof. Dr. Mirna Habuda-Stanic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • nutrient removal
  • inorganic pollutant removal
  • organic pollutant removal
  • physicochemical methods
  • biological methods
  • chemical methods

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5301 KiB  
Article
Wastewater Management Using a Neural Network-Assisted Novel Paradigm for Waste Prediction from Vermicomposting
by Thanjai Vadivel, Kumar Barathi, Ganeshan Arulkumaran, Muthu Bala Anand and Claudia Cherubini
Water 2024, 16(23), 3450; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233450 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 590
Abstract
Vermicomposting is one of the most important waste management techniques in the process of vermiculture. In this study, a neural network-assisted novel paradigm is proposed to predict waste from vermicomposting. The proposed neural network skeleton is based on a gallium arsenide processing schema, [...] Read more.
Vermicomposting is one of the most important waste management techniques in the process of vermiculture. In this study, a neural network-assisted novel paradigm is proposed to predict waste from vermicomposting. The proposed neural network skeleton is based on a gallium arsenide processing schema, which is used to separate wastes. By comparing the proposed system with existing methods, it was found that the proposed approach had the highest average prediction ratio of 91.32%, outperforming other techniques like the encoder-recurrent decoder (ERD) network, recurrent neural network (RNN), and deep long short-term memory (deep LSTM) network. The separation ratio analysis also demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, with a range of 45–94%. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of chemical equilibrium and the effectiveness of our proposed gallium arsenide processing schema in achieving high prediction and separation accuracies, showcasing its potential for practical application in waste management processes. Lastly, the prediction of the process evolution stages is detailed, indicating the efficiency of the proposed system in achieving various levels of waste separation. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the potential of the proposed methods in optimizing wastewater management processes, paving the way for more effective and sustainable vermicomposting practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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13 pages, 2250 KiB  
Article
Fluoride Adsorption from Water Using Activated Carbon Modified with Nitric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide
by Maja Ergović Ravančić and Mirna Habuda-Stanić
Water 2024, 16(23), 3439; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233439 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most commonly used methods for removing excess amounts of fluoride from water. This research has tested the parameters of fluoride adsorption on four commercial activated carbons modified with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The adsorption [...] Read more.
Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most commonly used methods for removing excess amounts of fluoride from water. This research has tested the parameters of fluoride adsorption on four commercial activated carbons modified with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The adsorption properties included the initial fluoride concentrations (2–40 mg/L), pH (4–9), dosage of activated carbon (2–20 g/L), contact time (15–360 min) and temperature (25–45 °C). The research results showed a decrease in the proportion of adsorbed fluoride by increasing its initial concentration, while an increase in temperature had a positive effect on the proportion of removed fluoride. The highest fluoride adsorption capacity of 1 mg/g belonged to HN-H2O2 active carbon at a temperature of 45 °C. The maximum adsorption capacities were recorded at pH 4 for all adsorbents oxidized with H2O2 (0.041–0.168 mg/g) and at pH 6 for all adsorbents oxidized with HNO3 (0.065–0.134 mg/g). An increase in the temperature to 45 °C resulted in the maximum increase in the adsorption capacity for all adsorbents, and the adsorbent HN-HNO3 (0.158 mg/g) had the highest adsorption capacity. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. The experimental data showed the best match with the Freundlich model at all temperatures, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the adsorption rate the best. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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11 pages, 501 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Glycerol on Microbial Community in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
by Mohamad Agung Prawira Negara, Bayu Jayawardhana and Gert-Jan Willem Euverink
Water 2024, 16(17), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172517 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 999
Abstract
In this paper, a lab-scale reactor designed to simulate the operations of the North Water Saline Wastewater Treatment Plant (SWWTP) located in Delfzijl, The Netherlands, was constructed and assessed. Unlike conventional municipal wastewater treatment facilities, this industrial plant deals with wastewater containing stubborn [...] Read more.
In this paper, a lab-scale reactor designed to simulate the operations of the North Water Saline Wastewater Treatment Plant (SWWTP) located in Delfzijl, The Netherlands, was constructed and assessed. Unlike conventional municipal wastewater treatment facilities, this industrial plant deals with wastewater containing stubborn chemicals that are difficult to break down, along with a high ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen and elevated sodium chloride levels. Furthermore, its treatment process diverges from standard industrial setups by employing an aerobic process preceding the anaerobic phase. The proposed lab-scale reactors were proven stable and effective in mimicking the conditions of the studied industrial SWWTP, particularly in the presence of abundant glycerol, a factor not explored in similar lab-scale models. Throughout the experiment, the removal of COD (specifically glycerol) and nitrogen were monitored, alongside changes in the microbial community within both reactors. The data enabled us to examine the proliferation of microbial populations within the sludge. The results indicated the complete removal of glycerol and ammonia from the system, with some residual nitrate detected in the effluent. The soluble COD decreased in the first reactor (R1) to approximately 50% of the influent and reduced further to less than 100 mg/L in the second reactor (R2), while nitrogen was majorly removed in the R1. By the experiment’s conclusion, Actinomycetales was identified as the dominant order in the anaerobic reactor (sometimes even exceeding 70% of the population), which is known for its utilization of glycerol as a carbon source and its tolerance to high salt concentrations in the influent. Conversely, the aerobic reactor was predominantly inhabited by the order Flavobacteriales, which correlates with ammonia concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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21 pages, 3826 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Cost–Benefit and Statistical Analysis of Isotherm and Kinetic Models for Heavy Metal Removal in Acidic Solutions Using Weakly Base Polymeric Chelating Resin as Adsorbent
by Kowit Suwannahong, Surachai Wongcharee, Torpong Kreetachat, Saksit Imman, Nopparat Suriyachai, Sukanya Hongthong, Javier Rioyo, Wipada Dechapanya and Pakpilai Noiwimol
Water 2024, 16(17), 2384; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172384 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1134
Abstract
This study investigates the removal of heavy metals, particularly copper and nickel, from acidic aqueous solutions using the weakly base polymeric chelating resin Dowex M-4195. The research conducts comprehensive cost–benefit and statistical analyses of various kinetic and isotherm adsorption models. The results show [...] Read more.
This study investigates the removal of heavy metals, particularly copper and nickel, from acidic aqueous solutions using the weakly base polymeric chelating resin Dowex M-4195. The research conducts comprehensive cost–benefit and statistical analyses of various kinetic and isotherm adsorption models. The results show that the PSO and general order models provide high accuracy for the Cu2⁺ adsorption kinetics, while the Avrami fractional order model excels for Ni2⁺. In terms of the isotherm models, the Langmuir and Jovanovic models are highly accurate for both metals, with the Toth model being particularly effective for Ni2⁺ due to its ability to account for surface heterogeneity and multi-layer adsorption. This study also reveals that the kinetic adsorption process is more economically beneficial than the isotherm adsorption process, highlighting the importance of model selection for optimizing heavy metal removal. Incorporating circular economy principles, this research emphasizes the sustainability of using regenerable and reusable adsorbents like Dowex M-4195. The findings provide valuable insights for designing efficient adsorption systems, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring public health safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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36 pages, 3501 KiB  
Article
Environmental and Economic Evaluation of the Sequential Combination of Coagulation–Flocculation with Different Electro-Fenton-Based Configurations for the Treatment of Raw Textile Wastewater
by Izabela Dobrosz-Gómez, Luis-Miguel Salazar-Sogamoso, Juan-Camilo Castaño-Sánchez, Daniel-Ovidio Salazar-López and Miguel-Ángel Gómez-García
Water 2024, 16(15), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152154 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
This study reports, for the first time, on the assessment of a multistage sequential system composed of coagulation–flocculation with different electro-Fenton-based configurations, followed by neutralization (N), for the treatment of raw textile wastewater heavily contaminated with acid black 194 dye and other pollutants. [...] Read more.
This study reports, for the first time, on the assessment of a multistage sequential system composed of coagulation–flocculation with different electro-Fenton-based configurations, followed by neutralization (N), for the treatment of raw textile wastewater heavily contaminated with acid black 194 dye and other pollutants. Electrochemical peroxidation (ECP-N), electro-Fenton (EF-N) and peroxi-coagulation (PC-N) were tested at laboratory scale and compared in terms of their efficiency for the removal of organic matter and color, current efficiency and energetic parameter, operating cost and environmental sustainability using life cycle analysis conducted in large-scale virtual reactors. The three electro-Fenton-based systems complied with current environmental standards (color removal > 87%, COD < 400 mg/L, among others) requiring different electrolysis times: ECP-N (52 min) < PC-N (120 min) < EF-N (160 min); energy consumptions: ECP-N (2.27 kWh/m3) < PC-N (4.28 kWh/m3) < EF-N (33.2 kWh/m3); operational costs: ECP-N (2.63 USD/m3) < EF-N (6.65 USD/m3) < PC-N (6.98 USD/m3); among others. Electricity (for ECP-N and EF-N) and reagents (for ECP-N and PC-N) were found as main environmental hotspots. ECP-N presented the lowest carbon footprint of 10.3 kg CO2-Eq/FU (<PC-N (26.3 kg CO2-Eq/FU) < EF-N (38.0 kg CO2-Eq/FU), had lower incidence in all the impact categories analyzed (ReCiPe-2016 at midpoint level) and can be considered technically, economically and environmentally sustainable for large-scale applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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16 pages, 3711 KiB  
Article
Influence of Technological Factors on the Formation and Transformation of Iron-Containing Phases in the Process of Ferritization of Exhausted Etching Solutions
by Dmitry Samchenko, Gennadii Kochetov, Yuliia Trach, Denys Chernyshev and Andriy Kravchuk
Water 2024, 16(8), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16081085 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 892
Abstract
Every year, metallurgical enterprises generate a massive amount of toxic exhausted high-concentration etching solutions. Application of the ferritization process to recycle exhausted etching solutions can help to prevent environmental pollution. It enables a cost-efficient use of water at an industrial plant and allows [...] Read more.
Every year, metallurgical enterprises generate a massive amount of toxic exhausted high-concentration etching solutions. Application of the ferritization process to recycle exhausted etching solutions can help to prevent environmental pollution. It enables a cost-efficient use of water at an industrial plant and allows the plant to obtain products from toxic industrial waste and utilize it. The aim of the study was to analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of the formed sediment and its grain size composition. Variable study parameters were the initial pH values of the solutions, the initial concentrations of total iron, and the duration of the aeration process of the reaction mixture. Thermal activation and alternating magnetic fields were used to activate the ferritization. The XRD showed that the formed sediments contained phases of γ-FeOOH, δ-FeOOH, Fe3O4, and γ-Fe2O3. Granulometry analysis showed that these sediments were highly dispersed and heterogeneous. Chemically stable phases of magnetite were obtained in the composition of sediments, with an initial concentration of iron in the reaction mixture of 16.6 g/dm3, a pH of 11.5, and a process duration of 15 min. The study results demonstrated the feasibility of further study and possible use of such sediments with a high magnetite content for the production of materials with ferromagnetic and sorption properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Nutrient and Pollutant Removal from Wastewater (Volume II))
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