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Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2024) | Viewed by 5312

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhijun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: ice physical and mechanical properties; ice engineering; polar sciences and technology; ecosystem under ice; physical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Li Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: ploar ship; ice-structure interaction; ice load; ice navigation; ice management; ice model test; numerical modelling; ice resistance; propeller
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sasan Tavakoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
Interests: fluid–structure interaction in the ocean; hydrodynamic of high-speed boats; wave–ice interactions; water waves; ocean renewable energy; polar seas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Em. Ove Tobias Gudmestad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600 Forus, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
2. Adjunct Professor University of Tromsø, The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
3. Adjunct Professor Western Norwegian University College, Haugesund, Norway
Interests: marine technology; marine operations; wave conditions; marine concepts and vessels; cold climate engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The cryosphere, comprising snow, river and lake ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice shelves and ice sheets, and frozen ground, plays a major role in the Earth's climate system through its impact on the surface energy budget, the water cycle, primary productivity, surface gas exchange and sea level. Therefore, the cryosphere is a fundamental control on the natural sciences, engineering sciences and social sciences. Because a lot of human live in the cold regions, ice is part of their life. With climate changes, the impact and adaptation from cryosphere elements become urgent, and ice as well as ice engineering are point events. Therefore, understanding the properties of ice/snow behaviours, and their actions and applications in hydrology, ecology and engineering are useful for Earth Sciences, Engineering Sciences and Social Sciences in cold regions.

This special issue will cover ice/snow physical, thermal, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties and their applications in differnent fields,. The scope will also include the theoretical studies and practice applications in remote sensing, investigation, experiments and numerical modellings in cold regions snow/ice forming and melting processes, contributions in ecosystem, behaviours in engineering and entertainment. The other topics closely related to this issue are also welcome. We will invate the famous scientists to contribute the leading level reviews and papers, and hope their contribution can guide future ice science and engineering in polar and sub-polar regions under climate changes, can guide the research directions of young scholars and students.

Prof. Dr. Zhijun Li
Prof. Dr. Li Zhou
Dr. Sasan Tavakoli
Prof. Dr. Em. Ove Tobias Gudmestad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cryosphere, glacier ice
  • lake ice
  • river ice
  • sea ice
  • ice/snow properties
  • engineering
  • ice-structure interaction
  • ice-wave interaction
  • ecosystem
  • remote sensing
  • observations and investigations
  • numerical modeling
  • ice-period water environment
  • physical modeling

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 4267 KiB  
Article
Contrasting Changes in Lake Ice Thickness and Quality Due to Global Warming in the Arctic, Temperate, and Arid Zones and Highlands of Eurasia
by Galina Zdorovennova, Tatiana Efremova, Iuliia Novikova, Oxana Erina, Dmitry Sokolov, Dmitry Denisov, Irina Fedorova, Sergei Smirnov, Nikolay Palshin, Sergey Bogdanov, Roman Zdorovennov, Wenfeng Huang and Matti Leppäranta
Water 2025, 17(3), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030365 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 686
Abstract
Lake ice has a major impact on the functioning of lake ecosystems, the thermal and gas regimes of lakes, habitat conditions, socio-economic aspects of human life, local climate, etc. The multifaceted influence of lake ice makes it important to study its changes associated [...] Read more.
Lake ice has a major impact on the functioning of lake ecosystems, the thermal and gas regimes of lakes, habitat conditions, socio-economic aspects of human life, local climate, etc. The multifaceted influence of lake ice makes it important to study its changes associated with global warming, including lake ice phenology, ice thickness, and the snow–ice fraction. This article presents a study of lake ice changes in different regions of Eurasia: the Arctic (Lake Imandra in the Murmansk region and Lake Kilpisjärvi in Finland), the temperate zone (six small and medium lakes in Karelia, Mozhaysk Reservoir in the Moscow region, and Lake Pääjärvi in Finland), the arid zone (Lake Ulansuhai in China), and the highlands (lakes Arpi and Sevan in Armenia). In the study regions, a statistically significant increase in winter air temperature has been recorded over the past few decades. The number of days with thaw (air temperature above 0 °C) has increased, while the number of days with severe frost (air temperature below −10 °C and −20 °C) has decreased. The share of liquid or mixed precipitation in winter increases most rapidly in the temperate zone. For two Finnish lakes, lakes Vendyurskoe and Vedlozero in Karelia, and Mozhaysk Reservoir, a decrease in the duration of the ice period was revealed, with later ice-on and earlier ice-off. The most dramatic change occurred in the large high-mountain Lake Sevan, where the water area has no longer been completely covered with ice every winter. In contrast, the small high-mountain Lake Arpi showed no significant changes in ice phenology over a 50-year period. Changes in the ice composition with an increase in the proportion of white ice and a decrease in the proportion of black ice have occurred in some lakes. In the temperate lakes Pääjärvi and Vendyurskoe, inverse dependences of the thickness of black ice on the number of days with thaw and frost in December–March for the first lake and on the amount of precipitation in the first month of ice for the second were observed. In the arid study region of China, due to the very little winter precipitation (usually less than 10 mm) only black ice occurs, and significant interannual variability in its thickness has been identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea)
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13 pages, 2378 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Role of Aquatic Gases in the Formation of Sea-Ice Porosity
by Vadim K. Goncharov and Natalia Yu. Klementieva
Water 2024, 16(15), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152213 - 5 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1083
Abstract
The porosity of freshwater ice and sea ice is one of the main parameters that determine their strength. The strength of ice varies over a wide range of values, and the differences in the intensity of the mechanisms of ice porosity formation in [...] Read more.
The porosity of freshwater ice and sea ice is one of the main parameters that determine their strength. The strength of ice varies over a wide range of values, and the differences in the intensity of the mechanisms of ice porosity formation in different water areas can be one of the possible reasons for these variations. The water mass contains gases in two forms: gases dissolved in the water mass, as well as gas bubbles that are formed when wind waves break up, and bubbles that float up from the seabed. This article presents the results of an analysis of the role of each of these forms in the formation of gas inclusions (pores) in the crystal structure of ice. The results showed that the main source of gas pores in ice crystals is the gas bubbles coming to the surface from the bottom, formed during the decomposition of bottom sediments or during gas leaks from near-bottom oil and gas fields. The possibility of gas bubbles occurring and rising to the ice–water boundary depends on the presence of bottom sources of the gases, the intensity of dissolution of the bubbles and the depth of the water area. Therefore, the variation in the porosity and the strength of ice over the space of the water areas can be associated with the changes in their depths, and the presence and location of the natural gas sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea)
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16 pages, 9148 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Radiatively Driven Convection in a Small Ice-Covered Lake with a Lateral Pressure Gradient
by Sergei Smirnov, Alexander Smirnovsky, Galina Zdorovennova, Roman Zdorovennov, Tatiana Efremova, Nikolay Palshin and Sergey Bogdanov
Water 2023, 15(22), 3953; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15223953 - 14 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1344
Abstract
The results of a numerical simulation of radiatively driven convection (RDC) in a small ice-covered lake with a lateral pressure gradient are shown. RDC influences aquatic ecosystems as convective flow transfers heat and dissolved and suspended matter through the water column. There is [...] Read more.
The results of a numerical simulation of radiatively driven convection (RDC) in a small ice-covered lake with a lateral pressure gradient are shown. RDC influences aquatic ecosystems as convective flow transfers heat and dissolved and suspended matter through the water column. There is a hypothesis that a continuum of convective cells with areas of ascending and descending water flows exists in a convective mixed layer (CML). Until now, little has been known about how the structure of the CML changes in lakes with lateral transport. In this work, the evolution of the CML in the computational domain with a lateral pressure gradient over several days is reproduced using an Implicit Large Eddy Simulation. We show that after a few days of lateral pressure gradient occurrence, convective cells are replaced by rolls oriented along the lateral transport direction. The change in the CML’s turbulence patterns under a lateral pressure gradient is confirmed by Anisotropic Invariant Map analysis. The study revealed a heterogeneity of pulsations of the horizontal and vertical velocity components over the entire depth of the CML and showed that when a horizontal gradient is present, the velocity pulsations generally increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea)
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Review

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15 pages, 1860 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Ice on River Morphology and Hydraulic Structures: A Review
by Tiejie Cheng, Jinjin Wei, Jin Ni, Jun Wang, Haitian Lu, Kai Cheng and Hui Fu
Water 2025, 17(4), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17040480 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
River ice formation during the winter period is a common phenomenon for most rivers in the northern hemisphere. The combined effect of hydraulic, thermodynamic, and geometric boundary conditions results in a highly complex system when compared to open channel conditions, particularly in regard [...] Read more.
River ice formation during the winter period is a common phenomenon for most rivers in the northern hemisphere. The combined effect of hydraulic, thermodynamic, and geometric boundary conditions results in a highly complex system when compared to open channel conditions, particularly in regard to ice cover and ice jams. These differences have a considerable impact on the evolution of river morphology, sediment transport, and the stability of hydraulic structures. The presence of ice cover and ice jam results in an increase in river channel roughness, which in turn changes the velocity and shear stress distribution in the riverbed. The present review summarizes the current state-of-the-art research on river ice, including field observation, experimental study, and numerical simulation. Finally, the review concludes with an overview of the current state of research in the field, accompanied by an analysis of the challenges that remain and suggestions for future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea)
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14 pages, 4267 KiB  
Review
Marine Operations in the Norwegian Sea and the Ice-Free Part of the Barents Sea with Emphasis on Polar Low Pressures
by Ove Tobias Gudmestad
Water 2024, 16(22), 3313; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223313 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 828
Abstract
The Arctic Seas are attractive for shipping, fisheries, and other marine activities due to the abundant resources of the Arctic. The shrinking ice cover allows for the opening of activities in increasingly larger areas of the Arctic. This paper evaluates the possibility of [...] Read more.
The Arctic Seas are attractive for shipping, fisheries, and other marine activities due to the abundant resources of the Arctic. The shrinking ice cover allows for the opening of activities in increasingly larger areas of the Arctic. This paper evaluates the possibility of executing all-year complex marine activities, here termed “marine operations”, in the Norwegian Sea and the ice-free part of the Barents Sea. The approach used during the preparation of this review paper is to identify constraints to marine operations so users can be aware of the limitations of performing such operations. The weather conditions in the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea are well known, and these seas are considered representative of ice-free or partly ice-free Arctic Seas with considerable marine activities. Similar conditions could be expected for other Arctic Seas during periods without ice cover. Marine operations require safe and stable working conditions for several days. The characteristics of marine operations are discussed, and the particulars of the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea physical environments are highlighted. Emphasis is on the wind and wave conditions in unpredictable polar low-pressure situations. Furthermore, situations with fog are discussed. The large uncertainties in forecasting the initiation and the tracks of polar lows represent the main concern for executing marine operations all year. Improvements in forecasting the occurrence and the path of polar lows would extend the weather window when marine operations could be carried out. Discussions of the potential for similar conditions in the wider Arctic Seas during ice-free periods are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Natural Ice/Snow and Human: From Mountain to Sea)
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