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Hydrochemical Characteristics, Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater
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Hydrochemical Characteristics, Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 3344

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Wenbin Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: gravity field theory and applications; time and frequency applications; Earth rotation; the Earth’s free oscillation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater, which is frequently silent and out of sight, is essential to the global support of ecosystems and communities. Understanding its critical importance is essential as we examine its hydrochemical properties, quality, and health dangers. This hidden resource, which supports billions of people, is essential to domestic needs, industry, and agriculture underneath the surface of the Earth.

The study of groundwater’s hydrochemical composition extends beyond academic curiosity; it is a clarion call for action. The quality of this hidden treasure directly impacts human health and the environment, making it a focal point for research and targeted interventions. Contaminants can infiltrate this vital resource, posing health risks to those reliant on it for daily sustenance. A comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality is not only a scientific duty but a moral requirement.

Facing global challenges like climate change and population growth, the resilience of groundwater reservoirs is critical. Our Special Issue provides a platform for researchers to contribute their expertise in unraveling hydrochemistry intricacies and informing evidence-based policies and practices.

We encourage submissions exploring innovative groundwater assessment approaches, including advanced remote sensing tools. Technology, especially remote sensing, offers a comprehensive understanding of groundwater dynamics, vital for sustainable management.

As custodians of scientific inquiry, we invite you to submit to this Special Issue. Your contributions—through traditional hydrochemical analyses or cutting-edge remote sensing techniques—will enrich our understanding and pave the way for safeguarding this vital resource.

Prof. Dr. Wenbin Shen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • groundwater
  • hydrochemistry
  • remote sensing
  • water quality
  • sustainable management

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2752 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Floor Failure Depth Based on Dividing Deep and Shallow Mining for Risk Assessment of Mine Water Inrush
by Weitao Liu, Mengke Han and Jiyuan Zhao
Water 2024, 16(19), 2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16192786 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Understanding and predicting floor failure depth is crucial for both mitigating mine water inrush hazards and safeguarding groundwater resources. Mining activities can significantly disturb the geological strata, leading to shifts and damage that may result in floor cracks. These disruptions can extend to [...] Read more.
Understanding and predicting floor failure depth is crucial for both mitigating mine water inrush hazards and safeguarding groundwater resources. Mining activities can significantly disturb the geological strata, leading to shifts and damage that may result in floor cracks. These disruptions can extend to confined aquifers, thereby increasing the risk of water inrushes. Such events not only pose a threat to the safety of mining operations but also jeopardize the sustainability of surrounding groundwater systems. Therefore, accurately predicting floor failure depth to take effective coal seam floor management measures is the key to reducing the impact of coal seam mining on water resources. Seventy-eight sets of data on coal seam floor failure depth in China were collected, and the main controlling factors were considered: mining depth (D1), working face inclination length (D2), coal seam inclination (D3), and mining thickness (D4). Firstly, the distance evaluation function based on Euclidean distance was constructed as the clustering effectiveness index, and the optimal cluster number K = 3 was determined. The collected data were clustered into three categories using the K-means clustering algorithm. It was found that the clustering results were positively correlated with the size of D1, indicating that D1 played a dominant role in the clustering. The D1 dividing points of the three types of samples were between 407.7~414.9 m and 750~900 m. On this basis, the grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the order of the influence weights of the main controlling factors of coal seam floor failure depth. For the first group, the order was D2 > D1 > D3 > D4, while, in the other two, it was D1 > D2 > D3 > D4. D1 emerged as the most influential factor, surpassing D2. Therefore, D1 between 407.7 and 414.9 m could be used as the boundary, the first group could be classified as shallow mining, and the second and third groups could be classified as deep mining. Based on this boundary, CatBoost prediction models for the depth of coal seam floor failure in deep and shallow parts were constructed and the prediction results of the model test set were compared with the calculation results of the empirical formula. These models exhibited superior accuracy with a lower mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and a higher R-squared (R2) compared to the empirical formula. This study helps to enhance the understanding of coal seam floor behavior, guide floor management, and protect groundwater resources by defining deep and shallow mining to accurately predict floor failure depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrochemical Characteristics, Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater)
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21 pages, 8870 KiB  
Article
Identification of Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction Using Combined Hydraulic and Hydrogeochemical Methods
by Zihan Li, Yongjun Fang, Bo Meng, Hui Guo and Xinqiang Du
Water 2024, 16(19), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16192777 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Understanding groundwater–surface water interaction is essential for water resource management and watershed ecological protection. However, the existing studies often emphasize the tracer role of hydrogeochemical methods (including hydrochemistry and isotopes) while underestimating the importance of analyzing watershed hydraulic characteristics, thus neglecting the indications [...] Read more.
Understanding groundwater–surface water interaction is essential for water resource management and watershed ecological protection. However, the existing studies often emphasize the tracer role of hydrogeochemical methods (including hydrochemistry and isotopes) while underestimating the importance of analyzing watershed hydraulic characteristics, thus neglecting the indications of the driving mechanisms (hydraulic head difference) for the water exchange. Taking the Songhua River in the Sanjiang Plain as an example, this study combines hydraulic, hydrochemical, and isotopic methods to clarify the groundwater–surface water interactions from both a driving mechanism perspective and a hydrogeochemical characterization perspective within the water cycle. The results indicate that human exploitation has caused river water to infiltrate into groundwater, converting the section into a losing river, where surface water consistently exhibits a hydraulic tendency to recharge the aquifer. The influence zone of the river extends up to 3.5 km from the riverbank, with an average recharge rate from the river reaching 78.04% within this area. This recharge mixes and dilutes the adjacent groundwater, impacting its hydrogeochemical characteristics. This study enhances the understanding of combined methods for groundwater–surface water interaction and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and pollution control strategies in the local agricultural regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrochemical Characteristics, Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater)
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15 pages, 3199 KiB  
Article
Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation: Comparison of Empirical Formulas Based on New Laboratory Experiments
by Mohammad Reza Goodarzi, Majid Vazirian and Majid Niazkar
Water 2024, 16(13), 1854; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131854 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1388
Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important characteristics of soils in terms of groundwater movement and the formation of aquifers. Generally, it indicates the ease of infiltration and penetration of water in the soil. It depends on various factors, [...] Read more.
Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important characteristics of soils in terms of groundwater movement and the formation of aquifers. Generally, it indicates the ease of infiltration and penetration of water in the soil. It depends on various factors, including fluid viscosity, pore size, grain size, porosity ratio, mineral grain roughness, and soil saturation level. Each of the empirical formulas used to calculate K includes one or more of the influencing parameters. In this study, pumping tests from an aquifer were performed by using a hydrology apparatus. Laboratory experiments were conducted on six types of soil with different grain sizes, ranging from fine sand to coarse sand, to obtain K. The experimental-based K values were compared with that of empirical formulas. The results demonstrate that Breyer and Hazen (modified) formulas adequately fit the laboratory values. The novelty of the present study is the comparison of the experimental formulas in completely similar conditions of the same sample, such as porosity, viscosity, and grain size, using the pumping test in a laboratory method, and the results show that the Hazen and the Breyer formulas provide the best results. The findings of this work will help in better development of groundwater resources and aquifer studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrochemical Characteristics, Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater)
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