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Flood Inundation Modeling and Mapping: Application of Hydrodynamic Models, Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Tools

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2025 | Viewed by 1280

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
CSIRO Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
Interests: hydrology; floodplain hydraulics; inundation mapping; inundation modeling; water resources assessment; hydrological connectivity; linking hydrology and ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
CSIRO Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
Interests: mapping and monitoring of surface water dynamics using remote sensing; multi-temporal image analysis for environmental applications; synthetic aperture radar applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely recognized that floods are one of the deadliest natural disasters on earth. Improved knowledge of flood frequency, duration, and inundation is a prerequisite for disaster management, infrastructure development, and environmental integrity. With recent advancements in computational methods and computing facilities, flood indicators are now estimated more accurately and efficiently.

We invite original research articles that contribute to the continuing efforts to understand complex hydrological and hydraulic processes and accurately estimate the frequency, duration, inundation areas, and wetland connectivity of floods. This Special Issue also welcomes manuscripts on uncertainty analysis and the application of flood modeling to support decision making.

The topics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Flood frequency analysis: advances in methods, regional case studies, variability, and trend analysis;
  • Inundation modeling: advances in computational methods and computing facilities, comparison between methods and models;
  • Inundation mapping: advances in remote sensing techniques, strengths/limitations of satellite data (e.g., Landsat, Sentinel-2, Synthetic Aperture Radar);
  • The integration of remote sensing and hydrodynamic modeling;
  • Machine learning tools for flood inundation modeling;
  • The robustness of machine learning algorithms for generating flood informatics;
  • The application of GIS and machine learning to predict flood inundation;
  • The application of AI for flood risk assessment;
  • Flood hazard assessments and risk mapping;
  • The impacts of climate change on floods’ magnitude and frequency;
  • The impacts of infrastructure development on flood inundation;
  • Sea level rise and coastal flooding;
  • Uncertainty in flood modeling.

Dr. Fazlul Karim
Dr. Catherine Ticehurst
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrology
  • flood frequency
  • hydrodynamic modeling
  • remote sensing
  • machine learning
  • satellite imagery
  • SRTM
  • LiDAR
  • Sentinel-1
  • Sentinel-2
  • Landsat
  • floods
  • inundation
  • flood risk
  • uncertainty analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 4887 KiB  
Article
Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in Northeastern Bangladesh Using L-Moments for Peak Discharge Estimation at Various Return Periods in Ungauged Catchments
by Sujoy Dey, S. M. Tasin Zahid, Saptaporna Dey, Kh. M. Anik Rahaman and A. K. M. Saiful Islam
Water 2025, 17(12), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17121771 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 386
Abstract
The Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, highly susceptible to monsoon flooding, requires effective flood risk management to reduce socio-economic losses. Flood frequency analysis is an essential aspect of flood risk management and plays a crucial role in designing hydraulic structures. This study applies regional [...] Read more.
The Sylhet Division of Bangladesh, highly susceptible to monsoon flooding, requires effective flood risk management to reduce socio-economic losses. Flood frequency analysis is an essential aspect of flood risk management and plays a crucial role in designing hydraulic structures. This study applies regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) using L-moments to identify homogeneous hydrological regions and estimate extreme flood quantiles. Records from 26 streamflow gauging stations were used, including streamflow data along with corresponding physiographic and climatic characteristic data, obtained from GIS analysis and ERA5 respectively. Most stations showed no significant monotonic trends, temporal correlations, or spatial dependence, supporting the assumptions of stationarity and independence necessary for reliable frequency analysis, which allowed the use of cluster analysis, discordancy measures, heterogeneity tests for regionalization, and goodness-of-fit tests to evaluate candidate distributions. The Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribution performed best, offering robust quantile estimates with narrow confidence intervals. Multiple Non-Linear Regression models, based on catchment area, elevation, and other parameters, reasonably predicted ungauged basin peak discharges (R2 = 0.61–0.87; RMSE = 438–2726 m3/s; MAPE = 41–74%) at different return periods, although uncertainty was higher for extreme events. Four homogeneous regions were identified, showing significant differences in hydrological behavior, with two regions yielding stable estimates and two exhibiting greater extreme variability. Full article
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23 pages, 8927 KiB  
Article
Proposed Framework for Sustainable Flood Risk-Based Design, Construction and Rehabilitation of Culverts and Bridges Under Climate Change
by Cem B. Avcı and Muhsin Vanolya
Water 2025, 17(11), 1663; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111663 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 500
Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of hydrological events driven by climate change, particularly floods, present significant challenges for the design, construction, and maintenance of bridges and culverts. Additionally, the inadequate capacity of existing structures has resulted in substantial financial burdens on governments due [...] Read more.
The increasing frequency and intensity of hydrological events driven by climate change, particularly floods, present significant challenges for the design, construction, and maintenance of bridges and culverts. Additionally, the inadequate capacity of existing structures has resulted in substantial financial burdens on governments due to flood-related damages and the costs of their rehabilitation and replacement. A further concern is the oversight of existing hydraulic design standards, which primarily emphasize structural capacity and flood height, often overlooking broader social and environmental implications as two main pillars of sustainability. This oversight becomes even more critical under changing climatic conditions. This paper proposes a flood risk-based framework for the sustainable design, construction, and modification of bridge and culvert infrastructure in response to climate change. The framework integrates flood risk modeling with environmental and socio-economic considerations to systematically identify and assess vulnerabilities in existing infrastructure. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach is employed to rapidly evaluate and integrate climate change, social, and environmental factors, such as population density, industrial activities, and the ecological impacts of floods following construction, alongside conventional hydrologic and hydraulic design criteria. The study utilizes hydrologic and hydraulic analyses, incorporating transportation networks (including roads, railways, and traffic) with socio-economic data through a GIS-based flood risk classification. Two case studies are presented: the first prioritizes the replacement of existing main bridges and culverts in the Ankara River Basin using the proposed MCA framework, while the second focuses on substructure sizing for a planned high-speed railway section in Mersin–Adana–Osmaniye–Gaziantep, Türkiye, accounting for climate change and upstream reservoirs. The findings highlight the critical importance of adopting a comprehensive and sustainable approach that integrates advanced risk assessment with resilient design strategies to ensure the long-term performance of bridge and culvert infrastructure under climate change. Full article
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