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Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition
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Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1522

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yung-Tse Hung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
Interests: water supply and water treatment; municipal wastewater treatment; industrial waste treatment; biological waste treatment; water and wastewater treatment plant design; water pollution control; water quality engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Imai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
Interests: biological wastewater treatment (aerobic, anaerobic); biological treatment/recycling of organic solid waste; oxygen supply methods in aerobic wastewater treatment; CO2 removal and storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo 13759, Egypt
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; pollution control; radioactive wastes; mathemat-ical modeling; nanomaterials; cement-based materials; hazardous waste immobili-zation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Issam A. Al-Khatib

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit P.O. Box 14, Palestine
Interests: water recourses management and quality; environmental assessment; wastewater management; advocacy; coordination and networking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Mahmood

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Interests: wastewater treatment; anaerobic digestion; bioremediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water treatment and wastewater treatment are very important to protect public health, environmental health, and the global economy. These treatment processes maintain safe as well as reliable water resources and may help in promoting sustainable development. Biological treatment technologies for water and wastewater treatment have been in existence for many years and are closely related to treatment performance efficiency, construction and operation costs, energy requirements, operational flexibility, and environmental impacts.  

Recently, biotechnology has been explored for the improvement of water treatment and wastewater treatment processes. The challenge will be to couple treatment efficiency with sustainable development to remove contaminants in water as well as wastewater, produce renewable energy, and meet the ever-increasingly stringent standards of regulatory agencies.  

The aim of this Special Issue of Water is to present the latest reports related to the applications of current biotechnology processes to enhance and improve the treatment performance of water as well as wastewater treatment processes and to reduce the costs of treatment, with potential energy recovery. Authors are encouraged to present their original research and review papers in related areas.

Prof. Dr. Yung-Tse Hung
Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Imai
Prof. Dr. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
Prof. Dr. Issam A. Al-Khatib
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Mahmood
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotechnologies for water treatment
  • biotechnologies for wastewater treatment
  • advanced water treatment
  • advanced wastewater treatment
  • nutrient recovery from wastewater
  • energy recovery from wastewater
  • emerging contaminants in water and wastewater treatment
  • industrial waste treatment
  • municipal wastewater treatment
  • water reuse
  • water treatment

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 610 KiB  
Article
Fenton-Based Treatment of Meat and Bone Meal Wastewater: Influence of Variable Fe2+/H2O2 Ratios on Microbiological Abundance and Community Composition
by Agnieszka Makara, Zygmunt Kowalski, Weronika Suchoń, Agnieszka Generowicz and Iwona Wiewiórska
Water 2025, 17(10), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101537 - 20 May 2025
Abstract
Processing of meat waste into meat and bone meal generates wastewater that must be properly treated to minimize its environmental impact. In addition to its high organic load, it contains microorganisms, including pathogens, that pose a threat to human health. In this study, [...] Read more.
Processing of meat waste into meat and bone meal generates wastewater that must be properly treated to minimize its environmental impact. In addition to its high organic load, it contains microorganisms, including pathogens, that pose a threat to human health. In this study, wastewater from meat and bone meal production was treated using the Fenton process with a variable Fe2⁺/H2O2 mass ratio ranging from 1:2 to 1:10, followed by neutralization with lime milk. A microbiological analysis was performed on both the raw wastewater and the liquid fractions obtained after treatment, along with additional analyses of selected physicochemical parameters. The identification of isolated microorganisms was carried out using the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Qualitative analysis of the treated wastewater samples showed the presence of microorganisms belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas. Staphylococcus aureus and Alcaligenes faecalis were present in each of the treated samples. The Fenton process effectively reduced the total number of microorganisms, with the lowest counts of 1.3 × 102 CFU/mL and 3.2 × 102 CFU/mL found in wastewater samples treated with Fe2⁺/H2O2 mass ratios of 1:8 and 1:10, which correlated with higher doses of hydrogen peroxide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 4711 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Coagulation–Membrane Filtration Techniques for Sustainable Soap Wastewater Treatment
by Leila Merabti, Ouassila Benhabiles, Zahia Tigrine, Mounir Mellal, Nadia Chekir, Sarah Mahidine, Djilali Tassalit, Merouane Bentchikou, Amira Douadi, Linda Jammeli, Imen Khouni and Seif El Islam Lebouachera
Water 2025, 17(10), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101411 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
Wastewater from soap production often contains high levels of organic pollutants, exceeding regulatory discharge limits and posing significant environmental concerns. This study investigates a two-stage treatment approach integrating ferric chloride (FeCl3)-based coagulation–flocculation with membrane filtration to enhance wastewater purification efficiency. This [...] Read more.
Wastewater from soap production often contains high levels of organic pollutants, exceeding regulatory discharge limits and posing significant environmental concerns. This study investigates a two-stage treatment approach integrating ferric chloride (FeCl3)-based coagulation–flocculation with membrane filtration to enhance wastewater purification efficiency. This method is one of the appropriate treatment techniques to reduce water pollution. Thus, numerous Jar test trials have been carried out in order to determine the optimal conditions and parameters that make it possible to reduce suspended solids. Key water quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and turbidity, were monitored to assess process performance. Optimization experiments identified optimal coagulation–flocculation conditions, achieving a substantial COD reduction from 9200 mg/L to 351 mg/L significantly improving water quality. However, the treated effluent still failed to meet reuse standards, necessitating further purification. A subsequent membrane filtration stage was implemented, achieving a significant decrease in turbidity to 0.85 Ntu and a turbidity removal efficiency of 99.97%, indicating high treatment efficiency. The final COD of the collected water was 58 mg/L, well below regulatory limits. This hybrid treatment approach offers a highly effective and sustainable solution for soap wastewater management, supporting environmental protection and resource recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 2396 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis and Assessment of a Combined Oxylag and High Rate Algal Pond (COHRAP) for Sustainable Water Reuse: Case Study of the University Campus in Tunisia
by Chéma Keffala, Ghofrane Jmii, Ameni Mokhtar, Fouad Zouhir, Nourou Dine Liady, Bernard Tychon and Hugues Jupsin
Water 2025, 17(9), 1326; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091326 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Universities and other institutes of higher education could be considered as key actors in the implementation of sustainability pillars, such as the adoption of sustainable practices in wastewater management. However, the adoption of such practices is still an emerging issue. This paper discusses [...] Read more.
Universities and other institutes of higher education could be considered as key actors in the implementation of sustainability pillars, such as the adoption of sustainable practices in wastewater management. However, the adoption of such practices is still an emerging issue. This paper discusses the design and operation of the first combined Oxylag and high rate algal pond (COHRAP) constructed at the university campus in Tunisia for irrigation. Performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiencies of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, coliforms, and biomass productivity. The potential reuse of sludge and algal biomass is discussed based on the Tunisian national standard regulation for sludge reuse in agriculture (NT 106.20) and the European regulation (EC, 2019/1009) for fertilizer products. Effluent phytotoxicity is tested on the germination and growth on Zea mays L. The results indicate that the COHRAP performance was globally satisfactory; however, biomass productivity (1.4 g m−2d−1) was low, indicating the need for adjustments in the operational parameters. Despite the effluent limitations for TSS and Hg, no phytotoxic effect was observed. Regarding the heavy metal content in sludge and algal biomass, the results obtained were in compliance with NT 106.20 and EC, 2019/1009), respectively. The energy consumption of COHRAP is 1.05 kWh/m3 resulting in operational costs of 0.29 euros/m3. This study revealed that COHRAP could be a sustainable option to treat wastewater from university campuses with resource recovery. Such a choice can be improved by the implementation of an algae recovery step. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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19 pages, 1966 KiB  
Review
The Effect and Adjustment of Ferrate Species in Ferrate-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Systematic Review
by Yushu Wang, Xiao Luo, Xiaoke Ma, Patiya Kemacheevakul, Sen Qu, Junxiang Huang, Tarloh G. Chea, Peizhe Sun, Lin Zhao, Youjun Zhang and Yongkui Yang
Water 2025, 17(9), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091343 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
Interest in the combination of ferrates and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment has increased, as revealed in this systematic review. In this study, the multiple functions of Fe(VI) in ferrate-based AOPs are summarized based on the Fe species. Various enhanced oxidation [...] Read more.
Interest in the combination of ferrates and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment has increased, as revealed in this systematic review. In this study, the multiple functions of Fe(VI) in ferrate-based AOPs are summarized based on the Fe species. Various enhanced oxidation pathways are achieved through electron capture by Fe(VI), oxidation by Fe(V) and Fe(IV), or the catalytic effects of Fe(III) and Fe(II). The different contributions of high-valent Fe species and general reactive oxidation species are highlighted by analyzing the results of quenching, methyl phenyl sulfoxide probing, and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Methods that are used to adjust the Fe species, including changing the reaction pH, oxidant dosage, dosing pattern, and the addition of reducing or complexing additives, can influence the enhancement efficiency of micropollutant treatment from the perspective of determining the transformation from Fe(VI) to Fe(V) and Fe(IV) with higher reactivity or Fe(III) and Fe(II) circulation. Future studies should focus on the in situ production of high-valent Fe and oxidation pathway-based adjustments in Fe(VI)-AOP techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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