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Vaccines
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Vaccines
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Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular/Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 11452

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hussin Rothan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
Interests: synthetic peptide-based antivirals and vaccines; recombinant antibodies; drug discovery; development of high-throughput antiviral screen assays

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Using entire organism-based vaccines has various potential disadvantages such as induction of allergy, autoimmunity, and antibody-dependent enhancement in some cases. On the other hand, peptide-based vaccines are more specific, safe, and cost-effective. These peptides can be engineered and manufactured to resemble specific immunogenic antigens of pathogenic agents. In addition, peptide-based vaccines have attracted much interest in the development of novel vaccines to treat certain chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, providing protective responses and limiting the administration of therapeutics. However, peptide-based vaccines have a low immunogenic effect and therefore need potent immune-stimulating adjutants and specialized delivery carriers such as nanoparticles or fused to immunogenic carriers.

This Special Issue focuses on the recent advances in peptide-based vaccines, including peptide identification, immunogenic effect and adjuvant agents, and selected delivery systems.

Dr. Hussin Rothan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Peptide-based vaccines
  • Pathogenic agents
  • Chronic diseases
  • Adjutants
  • Delivery carriers

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1853 KiB  
Article
Cytotoxic T-Cell-Based Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Hybrid Immunoinformatic Approach
by Alexandru Tirziu and Virgil Paunescu
Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020218 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4249
Abstract
This paper presents an alternative vaccination platform that provides long-term cellular immune protection mediated by cytotoxic T-cells. The immune response via cellular immunity creates superior resistance to viral mutations, which are currently the greatest threat to the global vaccination campaign. Furthermore, we also [...] Read more.
This paper presents an alternative vaccination platform that provides long-term cellular immune protection mediated by cytotoxic T-cells. The immune response via cellular immunity creates superior resistance to viral mutations, which are currently the greatest threat to the global vaccination campaign. Furthermore, we also propose a safer, more facile, and physiologically appropriate immunization method using either intranasal or oral administration. The underlying technology is an adaptation of synthetic long peptides (SLPs) previously used in cancer immunotherapy. The overall quality of the SLP constructs was validated using in silico methods. SLPs comprising HLA class I and class II epitopes were designed to stimulate antigen cross-presentation and canonical class II presentation by dendritic cells. The desired effect is a cytotoxic T cell-mediated prompt and specific immune response against the virus-infected epithelia and a rapid and robust virus clearance. Epitopes isolated from COVID-19 convalescent patients were screened for HLA class I and class II binding (NetMHCpan and NetMHCIIpan) and highest HLA population coverage (IEDB Population Coverage). 15 class I and 4 class II epitopes were identified and used for this SLP design. The constructs were characterized based on their toxicity (ToxinPred), allergenicity (AllerCatPro), immunogenicity (VaxiJen 2.0), and physico-chemical parameters (ProtParam). Based on in silico predictions, out of 60 possible SLPs, 36 candidate structures presented a high probability to be immunogenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and stable. 3D peptide folding followed by 3D structure validation (PROCHECK) and molecular docking studies (HADDOCK 2.4) with Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 provided positive results, suggestive for favorable antigen presentation and immune stimulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Vaccines)
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17 pages, 1176 KiB  
Article
Cell-Penetrating Peptides-Based Liposomal Delivery System Enhanced Immunogenicity of Peptide-Based Vaccine against Group A Streptococcus
by Jieru Yang, Farrhana Firdaus, Armira Azuar, Zeinab G. Khalil, Nirmal Marasini, Robert J. Capon, Waleed M. Hussein, Istvan Toth and Mariusz Skwarczynski
Vaccines 2021, 9(5), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050499 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3163
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccine development represents a highly promising strategy for preventing Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. However, these vaccines need to be administered with the help of a delivery system and/or immune adjuvant. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been used as a powerful tool for [...] Read more.
Peptide-based vaccine development represents a highly promising strategy for preventing Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. However, these vaccines need to be administered with the help of a delivery system and/or immune adjuvant. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been used as a powerful tool for delivering various therapeutic agents, including peptides, as they can overcome the permeability barrier of cell membranes. Here, we used CPPs to deliver our lead lipopeptide-based vaccine (LCP-1). CPPs were anchored through a spacer to LCP-1-bearing multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes and administered to Swiss outbred mice. Tat47–57 conjugated to two palmitic acids via a (Gly)6 spacer (to form a liposome-anchoring moiety) was the most efficient system for triggering immune responses when combined with multilamellar liposomes bearing LCP-1. The immunostimulatory potential of a variety of other CPPs was examined following intranasal administration in mice. Among them, LCP-1/liposomes/Tat47–57 and LCP-1/liposomes/KALA induced the highest antibody titers. The antibodies produced showed high opsonic activity against clinically isolated GAS strains D3840 and GC2 203. The use of the CPP-liposome delivery system is a promising strategy for liposome-based GAS vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Vaccines)
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Review

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27 pages, 492 KiB  
Review
Peptide-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Endeavors and Future Perspectives
by Vyronia Vassilakopoulou, Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou, Alexandra Evangelou, Christos Zikos and Evangelia Livaniou
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111278 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3201
Abstract
The development of peptide-based vaccines for treating human neurodegenerative diseases has been the eventual aim of many research endeavors, although no active immunotherapies have been approved for clinical use till now. A typical example of such endeavors is the effort to develop vaccines [...] Read more.
The development of peptide-based vaccines for treating human neurodegenerative diseases has been the eventual aim of many research endeavors, although no active immunotherapies have been approved for clinical use till now. A typical example of such endeavors is the effort to develop vaccines for Alzheimer’s disease based on the beta-amyloid peptide, which continues to be intensively investigated despite previous setbacks. In this paper, recent developments in peptide-based vaccines which target beta-amyloid as well as tau protein and α-synuclein are presented. Particular focus has been directed toward peptide epitopes and formulation systems selected/developed and employed to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. Results from both, human clinical trials and animal preclinical studies conducted mainly in transgenic mice have been included. Future perspectives on the topic are also briefly discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Vaccines)
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