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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases
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Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Efficacy and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 6396

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adi Lahat

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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Interests: gastroenterology; inflammatory bowel disease; diverticular disease; patient health; endoscopy; CRC screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kassem Sharif

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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Interests: gastroenterology; inflammatory bowel disease; celiac disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing infectious diseases and promoting public health. However, individuals with immune-mediated intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and other related conditions, present unique challenges and considerations regarding vaccine efficacy and safety. These conditions are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, chronic inflammation, and the use of immunosuppressive therapies, which can potentially impact the immune response to vaccines and alter vaccine safety profiles. 

While vaccination is generally recommended for patients with immune-mediated intestinal diseases, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the specific factors influencing vaccine effectiveness and safety in this patient population. The dynamic interplay between the underlying disease pathophysiology, immune dysregulation, and immunosuppressive therapies complicates the assessment of vaccine responses and poses potential risks in terms of vaccine-related adverse events. 

This Special Issue aims to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding vaccine efficacy and safety in patients with immune-mediated intestinal diseases. It will explore the immune mechanisms underlying vaccine response alterations, the impact of immunosuppressive therapies on vaccine effectiveness, and the potential risks associated with vaccination in this population. Additionally, this Special Issue may discuss the available guidelines and recommendations for vaccination in patients with immune-mediated intestinal diseases, highlighting areas of uncertainty and areas that require further research. 

Understanding the specific challenges and considerations related to vaccine efficacy and safety in patients with immune-mediated intestinal diseases is essential for optimizing vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. By shedding light on the current knowledge gaps and providing insights into potential solutions, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the development of evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for vaccination in patients with immune-mediated intestinal diseases. 

This Special Issue encourages the submission of original articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, short communications, and other types of articles that may seek to improve vaccination practices and promote the health and well-being of individuals with immune-mediated intestinal diseases while ensuring optimal protection against vaccine-preventable diseases and minimizing potential risks associated with vaccination.

Dr. Adi Lahat
Dr. Kassem Sharif
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Crohn’s disease
  • ulcerative colitis
  • celiac disease
  • vaccines
  • immune-mediated intestinal disease

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 977 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy and Safety of Simultaneous Vaccination with Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines Against Pneumococcal (13-Valent Vaccine) and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infections in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Without Systemic Manifestations: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Ekaterina Alexeeva, Tatyana Dvoryakovskaya, Anna Fetisova, Ivan Kriulin, Elizaveta Krekhova, Anna Kabanova, Vladimir Labinov, Elizaveta Labinova and Mikhail Kostik
Vaccines 2025, 13(2), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13020177 - 12 Feb 2025
Viewed by 890
Abstract
Background: Immunosuppressive therapy (methotrexate and biological agents) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with an increased risk of severe infections, higher infection rates, treatment interruptions, failure to achieve disease remission, and recurrent disease flares. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety [...] Read more.
Background: Immunosuppressive therapy (methotrexate and biological agents) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with an increased risk of severe infections, higher infection rates, treatment interruptions, failure to achieve disease remission, and recurrent disease flares. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of simultaneous immunization with 13-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCV13) against S. pneumoniae (SP) and Hemophilus influanzae type b infections (HibV) in children with JIA without systemic manifestations. Methods: A total of 371 non-systemic JIA patients who received 13PCV and HibV were included in this prospective cohort study. In every patient, we evaluated clinical, laboratory, anti-SP, and anti-Hib IgG antibodies before vaccination, three weeks after, and six months after, and all adverse events (AEs) were collected during the study. The number and duration of acute respiratory infection (ARI) episodes and requirements for antibacterial treatment and AE six months before and after the baseline were collected. Results: The levels of the Ig G anti-SP and anti-Hib antibodies increased in the 3 weeks after vaccination; then, anti-SP antibodies slightly decreased and anti-Hib antibodies remained increased during the whole study, as well as in a part of the patients with a protective titer. During the study, there were no patients with significant flares, and the main JIA outcomes gradually decreased during the trial. The number of patients with uveitis remained equal, as well as the part of the patients with active, low-active, and inactive uveitis. There was no significant rise in the hs-CRP or S100 protein after the vaccination. Previous or ongoing treatment with non-biological (p = 0.072) and biological (p = 0.019) disease-modified anti-rheumatic drugs affected the Hib and did not affect the anti-SP protective titer at the end of the study. Within 6 months following vaccination, the number of ARI episodes (p < 0.001) and the number of courses of antibacterial treatment (p < 0.0001) decreased twice. The median duration of ARI episodes decreased four times (p < 0.0001). Mild AEs (injection site reactions and short-term fever episodes) were found in 58 (15.6%) patients with JIA, and 1 patient (0.2%) developed an SAE. Conclusions: Simultaneous vaccination against pneumococcal and Hib infections reduces the frequency and duration of episodes of ARI, as well as the number of courses of antibacterial drugs, and does not lead to significant JIA flares. The number of reported AEs is consistent with what was expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases)
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12 pages, 1553 KiB  
Article
Humoral Immunity in Immunosuppressed IBD Patients after the Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Comparison with Healthy Control Subjects
by Richard Vollenberg, Eva Ulla Lorentzen, Joachim Kühn, Tobias Max Nowacki, Jörn Arne Meier, Jonel Trebicka and Phil-Robin Tepasse
Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091411 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1620
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for preventing severe illness and controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to examine how immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) responded to [...] Read more.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for preventing severe illness and controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to examine how immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) responded to the third mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The patients were undergoing treatments such as anti-TNF (infliximab, adalimumab), anti-α4ß7 integrin (vedolizumab), anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab) and azathioprine (purine analog). Their responses were compared to those of healthy individuals. Methods: In this prospective study, 81 IBD patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled 2–4 months after receiving the third mRNA vaccination. This study measured IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD) and assessed potential neutralization capacity using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Results: Overall, immunosuppressed IBD patients (without SARS-CoV-2 infection) exhibited significantly lower levels of anti-S-IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and binding inhibition in the sVNT after the third vaccination compared to healthy controls. Patients under anti-TNF therapy showed notably reduced anti-S-IgG levels after the booster vaccination, in contrast to those receiving ustekinumab and azathioprine (p = 0.030, p = 0.031). IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy demonstrated significantly increased anti-S-IgG levels following prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Even after the third vaccination, immunosuppressed IBD patients exhibited diminished humoral immunity compared to healthy controls, especially those on anti-TNF therapy. Cases of penetrating infections led to considerably higher antibody levels in IBD patients under anti-TNF therapy compared to uninfected patients. Further investigation through prospective studies in immunosuppressed IBD patients is needed to determine whether this effectively safeguards against future infections or severe disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases)
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Review

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15 pages, 331 KiB  
Review
Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
by Rocco Scarmozzino, Giovanna Zanoni, Alessandra Arcolaci and Rachele Ciccocioppo
Vaccines 2024, 12(12), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121328 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1318
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, [...] Read more.
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms “celiac disease”, “efficacy”, “hyposplenism”, “immune response”, “infections”, “immunization”, “immunogenicity”, “safety”, “vaccination”, and “vaccine”. CD can be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD), altered mucosal permeability, and hyposplenism. These conditions entail an increased risk of infections, which can be prevented by targeted vaccinations, although specific recommendations on immunization practices for subjects with CD have not been released. Regarding vaccinations, the immune response to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine can be impaired in patients with CD; therefore, proposed strategies to elicit and maintain protective specific antibody titers are summarized. For patients with conditions that put them at risk of infections, vaccinations against Pneumococcus and other encapsulated bacteria should be recommended. Based on the available evidence, the Rotavirus vaccine offered to children could be useful in preventing CD in at-risk subjects. Overall, except for the HBV vaccine, vaccine efficacy in patients with CD is comparable to that in the general population, and no safety concerns have arisen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases)

Other

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12 pages, 1048 KiB  
Brief Report
Systemic and Mucosal Immunogenicity of Monovalent XBB.1.5-Adapted COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Simon Woelfel, Joel Dütschler, Daniel Junker, Marius König, Georg Leinenkugel, Nicole Graf, Claudia Krieger, Samuel Truniger, Annett Franke, Seraina Koller, Katline Metzger-Peter, Melanie Oberholzer, Nicola Frei, Nora Geissler, Peter Schaub, STAR SIGN Investigators, Werner C. Albrich, Matthias Friedrich, Jan Hendrik Niess, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Alex Dulovic, Wolfgang Korte, Justus J. Bürgi and Stephan Brandadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2024, 12(7), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070774 - 15 Jul 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1844
Abstract
Recently updated COVID-19 mRNA vaccines encode the spike protein of the omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 and are recommended for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppressive treatment. Nonetheless, their immunogenicity in patients with IBD against rapidly expanding virus variants remains unknown. This prospective [...] Read more.
Recently updated COVID-19 mRNA vaccines encode the spike protein of the omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 and are recommended for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppressive treatment. Nonetheless, their immunogenicity in patients with IBD against rapidly expanding virus variants remains unknown. This prospective multicenter cohort study is the first study to investigate the immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines in patients with IBD. Systemic and mucosal antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the omicron subvariants XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86, as well as their neutralization were quantified before and two to four weeks after vaccination with monovalent XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA vaccines. Vaccination increased levels of serum anti-RBD IgG targeting XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 (1.9-fold, 1.8-fold, and 2.6-fold, respectively) and enhanced corresponding neutralization responses (2.3-fold, 3.1-fold, and 3.5-fold, respectively). Following vaccination, anti-TNF-treated patients had reduced virus neutralization compared to patients on treatments with other cellular targets. 11.1% and 16.7% of patients lacked EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 neutralization, respectively; all these patients received anti-TNF treatment. At mucosal sites, vaccination induced variant-specific anti-RBD IgG but failed to induce RBD-targeting IgA. Our findings provide a basis for future vaccine recommendations while highlighting the importance of frequent booster vaccine adaptation and the need for mucosal vaccination strategies in patients with IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases)
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