Research

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12 pages, 3312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adenovirus Vaccine Containing Truncated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit Leads to a Specific Immune Response in Mice

by Keda Chen, Danrong Shi, Chaonan Li, Zhongbiao Fang, Yikai Guo, Wenjie Jiang, Jiaxuan Li, Hongyu Li and Hangping Yao

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020429 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1850

Abstract

The development of an efficient and safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is a crucial approach for managing the severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in light of current conditions. In this study, we produced a shortened segment of the optimized [...] Read more.

The development of an efficient and safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is a crucial approach for managing the severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in light of current conditions. In this study, we produced a shortened segment of the optimized SARS-CoV-2 spike gene (2043 bp, termed S1) that was able to encode a truncated S1 protein. The protein was tested to determine if it could elicit efficient immunization in mice against SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the S1 protein was confirmed with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. An adenovirus vaccine bearing the S1 gene fragment (Ad-S1) was administered intramuscularly to mice four times over 4 weeks. SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein humoral immunity was demonstrated in all immunized mice. The serum from immunized mice demonstrated excellent anti-infection activity in vitro. A robust humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the mice after vaccination with Ad-S1, suggesting that the adenovirus vaccine may aid the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other genetically distinct viruses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Genomics, Metabolomics, and Host Immunity: A focus of Metabolic Immune System)

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Review

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22 pages, 881 KiB

Open AccessReview

Crosstalk between COVID-19 Infection and Kidney Diseases: A Review on the Metabolomic Approaches

by Reshma Murali, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Sandra Kannampuzha, Arunraj Namachivayam, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Kaviyarasi Renu and Raja Ganesan

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020489 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2610

Abstract

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a respiratory disorder. Various organ injuries have been reported in response to this virus, including kidney injury and, in particular, kidney tubular injury. It has been discovered that infection with the virus [...] Read more.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a respiratory disorder. Various organ injuries have been reported in response to this virus, including kidney injury and, in particular, kidney tubular injury. It has been discovered that infection with the virus does not only cause new kidney disease but also increases treatment difficulty and mortality rates in people with kidney diseases. In individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, urinary metabolites from several metabolic pathways are used to distinguish between patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and those without. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, treatment strategies, and role of metabolomics in relation to AKI in COVID-19 patients. Metabolomics is likely to play a greater role in predicting outcomes for patients with kidney disease and COVID-19 with varying levels of severity in the near future as data on metabolic profiles expand rapidly. Here, we also discuss the correlation between COVID-19 and kidney diseases and the available metabolomics approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Genomics, Metabolomics, and Host Immunity: A focus of Metabolic Immune System)

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22 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Systematic Role of Metabolomics, Metabolic Pathways, and Chemical Metabolism in Lung Cancer

by Sandra Kannampuzha, Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Reshma Murali, Arunraj Namachivayam, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Harishkumar Madhyastha and Raja Ganesan

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020381 - 07 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2483

Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) is considered as one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities. Cancer cells’ reprogrammed metabolism results in changes in metabolite concentrations, which can be utilized to identify a distinct metabolic pattern or fingerprint for cancer detection or diagnosis. By detecting [...] Read more.

Lung cancer (LC) is considered as one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities. Cancer cells’ reprogrammed metabolism results in changes in metabolite concentrations, which can be utilized to identify a distinct metabolic pattern or fingerprint for cancer detection or diagnosis. By detecting different metabolic variations in the expression levels of LC patients, this will help and enhance early diagnosis methods as well as new treatment strategies. The majority of patients are identified at advanced stages after undergoing a number of surgical procedures or diagnostic testing, including the invasive procedures. This could be overcome by understanding the mechanism and function of differently regulated metabolites. Significant variations in the metabolites present in the different samples can be analyzed and used as early biomarkers. They could also be used to analyze the specific progression and type as well as stages of cancer type making it easier for the treatment process. The main aim of this review article is to focus on rewired metabolic pathways and the associated metabolite alterations that can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in lung cancer diagnosis as well as treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Genomics, Metabolomics, and Host Immunity: A focus of Metabolic Immune System)

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