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Toxins
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From Inhibiting Fungal Growth to Reducing Mycotoxin Content in Food...
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From Inhibiting Fungal Growth to Reducing Mycotoxin Content in Food and Feed: Challenges, Achievements, and Advanced Approaches

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 2793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jelena Miljanić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: mycotoxins; toxigenic fungi; bioactive compounds in food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Saša Krstović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: mycotoxins; edible insects; animal nutrition; food chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled "From Inhibiting Fungal Growth to Reducing Mycotoxin Content in Food and Feed: Challenges, Achievements, and Advanced Approaches", presents a comprehensive analysis of the ongoing efforts to address fungal contamination in agriculture, food safety, and environmental health. Fungi, through the production of mycotoxins, pose significant risks to human and animal health, creating a pressing need for effective strategies to control their growth and minimize toxin contamination. This Special Issue examines the complex challenges researchers and industry professionals face in managing fungal growth and mycotoxin content in various sectors. We will highlight key breakthroughs in antifungal agents, biotechnological crop protection strategies, and innovative food processing technologies designed to reduce mycotoxin levels. In exploring advanced approaches, this collection will delve into cutting-edge research, technological innovations, and interdisciplinary collaborations shaping the future of fungal inhibition and mycotoxin reduction. These advancements are not only enhancing current practices but also opening up new possibilities for more effective and sustainable solutions in combating fungal contamination.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Foods.

Dr. Jelena Miljanić
Dr. Saša Krstović
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fungal growth
  • mycotoxin reduction
  • food and feed safety
  • agricultural sustainability
  • antifungal agents

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2427 KB  
Article
Influence of Major Environmental Parameters on Patulin Production by Penicillium expansum OM1 and Its Growth on Apple Puree Agar Media
by Haiyi Yu, Sung-Yong Hong, Ji-Yeon Koo and Ae-Son Om
Toxins 2026, 18(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010001 - 19 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 827
Abstract
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Penicillium expansum on apples. P. expansum is a fruit pathogen that can cause apple soft rot. However, much is unknown about the characteristics of P. expansum and influence of major environmental parameters on its patulin production [...] Read more.
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Penicillium expansum on apples. P. expansum is a fruit pathogen that can cause apple soft rot. However, much is unknown about the characteristics of P. expansum and influence of major environmental parameters on its patulin production and growth on apple puree agar media (APAM). In this study, we evaluated the influence of pH, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on patulin production by P. expansum OM1 and its growth (colony diameter and mycelial dry weight) on APAM after isolation and identification of the patulin-producing fungal strain from an apple. The fungal isolate produced the largest quantity of patulin on APAM under 15 °C, pH 4.0, and RH 98%, while it had the highest growth rates on the same media under 25 °C, pH 4.0–6.0, and RH 98%. Our data demonstrated that three important physicochemical factors (pH, temperature, and RH) substantially influenced the patulin production by the fungal species and its growth on APAM. Moreover, our results revealed that patulin was not detected on APAM at 5 °C after 7 days of incubation and that a trace amount of patulin was produced by the fungal strain along with its slow growth on the same media at 5 °C after 14 days. It suggests that patulin contamination by P. expansum on apples could be controlled during postharvest storage below 5 °C. These findings could provide fundamental knowledge for development of efficient strategies to prevent the occurrence of apples contaminated with patulin produced by P. expansum on them during postharvest storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Inhibiting Fungal Growth to Reducing Mycotoxin Content in Food and Feed: Challenges, Achievements, and Advanced Approaches)
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13 pages, 419 KB  
Article
Annual and Seasonal Variations in Aflatoxin M1 in Milk: Updated Health Risk Assessment in Serbia
by Saša Krstović, Sandra Jakšić, Jelena Miljanić, Borislav Iličić, Milica Živkov Baloš, Darko Guljaš, Marko Damjanović and Igor Jajić
Toxins 2025, 17(11), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17110544 - 2 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hepatocarcinogenic metabolite of aflatoxin B1, poses significant risks to human health through its presence in milk and dairy products. This study investigates AFM1 contamination in raw milk produced in Serbia from 2021 to 2025, assessing annual and seasonal variations [...] Read more.
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hepatocarcinogenic metabolite of aflatoxin B1, poses significant risks to human health through its presence in milk and dairy products. This study investigates AFM1 contamination in raw milk produced in Serbia from 2021 to 2025, assessing annual and seasonal variations and associated health risks. A total of 907 milk samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), revealing contamination in 70.1% of samples, with mean concentrations exceeding the EU regulatory limit of 50 ng/kg. Seasonal analysis identified the highest contamination levels during winter, attributed to increased use of contaminated feed during colder months. Health risk assessments estimated the daily intake of AFM1 and associated health risks, with high-exposure individuals showing notably reduced margins of safety. The research demonstrates the essential requirement for better feed quality management alongside enhanced regulatory oversight along with health programs that reduce AFM1 exposure in Serbian populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Inhibiting Fungal Growth to Reducing Mycotoxin Content in Food and Feed: Challenges, Achievements, and Advanced Approaches)
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