Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Genotoxicity of Toxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1009

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Albany, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
Interests: genotoxicity; DNA repair; systems biology; genomic instability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural toxins, such as mycotoxins, microcystins, phytochemicals, and colibactins, are well known for their acute cytotoxicity, but their genotoxic effects are still being elucidated. Understanding such genotoxic effects is particularly relevant considering the predicted increase in toxin exposure due to weather extremes. The purpose of this Special Issue is to explore the lesser-known genotoxic effects of natural toxins and subsequent carcinogenic, teratogenic, and developmental pathologies. While many toxins are genotoxic per se, others require metabolic activation to become potent genotoxins. The metabolic activation of such genotoxins, in turn, may be highly variable among human populations. Advances in high-throughput sequencing and DNA barcoding have facilitated the identification of genes that confer resistance to natural toxins. The cellular response to natural toxins has further been elucidated by multiple transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies. Such studies have utilized model organisms, including yeast, zebra fish, and daphnia, as well as metabolically active mammalian cell lines. This Special Issue aims to serve as an excellent compilation of articles describing the diverse genotoxic effects of multiple toxins.

Dr. Michael Fasullo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • aristolochic acid
  • psoralens
  • genome profiling
  • transcriptomics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 5077 KB  
Article
Toxicity and DNA Adduct Formation Reinforce AI-Guided Prediction of Aflatoxin B1 Bioactivation in VERO E6 Cells
by Bharti Sangwan, Ugochukwu Okoro, Isabella Atteck, Pawel Jaruga, Chinwe Ekenna and Michael Fasullo
Toxins 2026, 18(8), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18080339 - 4 Aug 2026
Viewed by 354
Abstract
VERO cells, derived from the kidney epithelium of the African green monkey, are widely used in virology, but their ability to metabolize xenobiotics is not fully understood. Since cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes participate in xenobiotic metabolism, we investigated which CYP genes are expressed [...] Read more.
VERO cells, derived from the kidney epithelium of the African green monkey, are widely used in virology, but their ability to metabolize xenobiotics is not fully understood. Since cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes participate in xenobiotic metabolism, we investigated which CYP genes are expressed in VERO-E6 cells. Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that VERO-E6 cells express CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7. In contrast, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 transcripts were either not detected or at a low detection level. To determine whether the encoded enzymes have the potential to activate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), we used artificial intelligence (AI)-based structural modeling along with molecular docking. AI modeling suggested that CYP3A enzymes can position AFB1 in an orientation compatible with the formation of the reactive intermediate, and CYP3A4 showed the most favorable predicted interaction (docking score: −16.3 kcal/mol). To demonstrate AFB1 bioactivation, we exposed VERO-E6 cells to 200 nmol/L AFB1. After 10 days, we observed about 40% cell death. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) analysis confirmed the presence of AFB1-derived DNA adducts, indicating that metabolic activation occurred in these cells. These findings support the presence of CYP-dependent AFB1 bioactivation in VERO-E6 cells. Thus, combining computational and experimental approaches elucidates xenobiotic metabolism in cells where biochemical data are limited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Genotoxicity of Toxins)
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