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Technologies
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Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025
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Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025

A special issue of Technologies (ISSN 2227-7080).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 11590

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nirusha Thavarajah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
Interests: green chemistry; sustainable development; hydrogels; aerogels; water treatment; technology to recover nutrients from waste biomass; nanomaterials; nanocomposites; agriculture; medicinal and synthetic organic chemistry
Prof. Dr. Xavier Fernando

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
Interests: wireless communications; signal processing; optical–wireless communications; machine learning; IoT; tracking and localization; integrated sensing and localization; VANETs; aerial–terrestrial networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to showcase papers that emerged from the 29th Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering (TASME) In-Person/Zoom Hybrid Conference (https://tasmeconference.org/) on July 5–6, 2025 at the University of Toronto’s Scarborough campus, focusing on technological advances in science, medicine, and engineering. Subject areas include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Civil and environmental engineering;
  2. Electrical, electronic, and communication engineering;
  3. Mechanical, aerospace, marine, and industrial engineering;
  4. Materials and (renewable) energy technology;
  5. Cancer and nervous systems;
  6. Immunity, lunch infection, and COVID;
  7. Internal medicine, mental health, public health, and healthcare systems;
  8. Life and environmental sciences;
  9. Physical sciences, tech innovation, and IoT applications;
  10. Medical technology, biotech and pharma, and drug design;
  11. Information technology (cybersecurity, data science, and e-learning);
  12. Machine/deep learning and artificial intelligence.

In addition, we will also include original research and review papers on these topics that were not part of the conference.

Dr. Nirusha Thavarajah
Prof. Dr. Xavier Fernando
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Technologies is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • information systems
  • artifical intelligence
  • medical science
  • immunology
  • material science
  • intelligent communications
  • engineering
  • biosystems engineering
  • urban forestry
  • flow cytometry

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 12656 KB  
Article
Automatic Detection of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Dual-Coupled Microresonators and Deep Learning
by Andrés F. Calvo-Salcedo, Marin B. Marinov, Neil Guerrero González and Jose A. Jaramillo-Villegas
Technologies 2026, 14(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14010065 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 208
Abstract
The detection of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is a significant challenge due to their extensive industrial use and potential health and environmental impacts, which demand accurate, label-free approaches. This work presents an automatic detection system based on spectroscopy with optical [...] Read more.
The detection of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is a significant challenge due to their extensive industrial use and potential health and environmental impacts, which demand accurate, label-free approaches. This work presents an automatic detection system based on spectroscopy with optical frequency combs (OFC) in dual-coupled microresonators. The OFC generation was modeled through the Lugiato-Lefever equation, while propagation in distilled water containing TiO2 was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The water–TiO2 mixture was described with the Yamaguchi model in a 5 × 5 mesh to represent non-uniform concentrations. From the norm of the electric field at a probe, a database of 11 classes (0–100%) with controlled Gaussian noise was constructed. A Transformer-based classifier was trained and compared with 1D-CNN and SVM under Monte Carlo validation (100 random 70/30 splits). The Transformer achieved 99.84 ± 0.01% accuracy with an inference time of 0.793 ± 0.05 s, while the 1D-CNN reached 99.64 ± 0.09% and the SVM 84.73 ± 1.48%. A repeatability test with 200 iterations confirmed deterministic DKS trajectories. The results demonstrate that combining dual-coupled microresonators, FEM, and Transformer architectures enables precise and efficient detection of TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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17 pages, 28042 KB  
Article
Renewable Energy Technology: Transient 3D CFD and Experimental Electrical Evaluation of a Cycloidal-Enhanced Rotor Versus a Savonius and Gorlov-Savonius Rotor with Blade Rotation Angle
by María Angélica Luján Vega, José Eli Eduardo González-Duran, Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez, Leonel Estrada Rojo, Jesus Alejandro Franco and Juvenal Rodríguez Reséndiz
Technologies 2026, 14(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14010027 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 259
Abstract
This study presents a numerical and experimental analysis of vertical-axis Cycloidal rotors (RC) versus Savonius rotors (RS), with and without coupling to a Gorlov rotor (RG), designed to operate under low wind speed conditions [...] Read more.
This study presents a numerical and experimental analysis of vertical-axis Cycloidal rotors (RC) versus Savonius rotors (RS), with and without coupling to a Gorlov rotor (RG), designed to operate under low wind speed conditions of 2.5 m/s. Using transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), numerical mesh stability was evaluated as a function of rotor power, achieving convergence with 8,199,923 nodes and a stable angular momentum after 10 s. In the experimental phase, electrical characterization was conducted by coupling the rotors to a direct current generator, allowing for the determination of the optimal electrical load as a function of rotational speed (RPM). The results show that electrical power output and power coefficient (Cp) increased with rotational speed, reaching a maximum of 39.22 mW and Cp = 0.126 for the Cycloidal rotor (RCθR45), which exhibited the best overall performance. When coupling a Gorlov rotor with a torsion angle of 90° (RGθG90), maximum power of 52.45 mW and Cp = 0.168 were obtained for the hybrid configuration RC,θR0-RGθG90, confirming the aerodynamic and electrical performance improvement due to geometric coupling compared to a standalone Savonius rotor. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results showed consistent trends in Cp values, with slight deviations attributed to friction and alignment effects during physical testing. This study proposes an integrated methodology in renewable energy technologies that combines 3D transient CFD simulation with experimental characterization under variable electrical load conditions to determine the optimal operating power of novel Cycloidal rotors for low-wind-speed applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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12 pages, 1893 KB  
Article
Bandgap-Tuned Yttrium-Doped Indium Oxide Alloy Thin Films for High-Performance Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors
by Lu Gan, Peicheng Jiao, Zhengdong Jiang, Yutao Xiong and Yanghui Liu
Technologies 2026, 14(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14010023 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 342
Abstract
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has emerged as a key material for advanced solar-blind ultraviolet (SBUV) photodetectors, attributable to its large bandgap energy (~5.5 eV), high dielectric constant, excellent silicon compatibility, and robust thermal stability. To precisely tune its optical bandgap [...] Read more.
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has emerged as a key material for advanced solar-blind ultraviolet (SBUV) photodetectors, attributable to its large bandgap energy (~5.5 eV), high dielectric constant, excellent silicon compatibility, and robust thermal stability. To precisely tune its optical bandgap for optimal alignment with the intrinsic solar-blind region, this study prepared Y1.5In0.5O3 ternary alloy films via co-sputtering, achieving an optimized bandgap of 4.70 eV. After optimizing the photosensitive layer, we fabricated a self-powered Pt/Y1.5In0.5O3/p-GaN back-to-back heterojunction SBUV photodetector was fabricated based on the optimized photosensitive layer. Under photovoltaic operation (0 V), the resulting device exhibited impressive performance metrics: a narrow spectral response (FWHM ~50 nm), quick rise/decay times of 30 and 75 ms, respectively, and high operational durability (less than 0.8% photocurrent degradation over 100 cycles). The detector also maintained a low noise current level (2.95 × 10−12 A/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz) and a low noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 4.42 × 10−9 W/Hz1/2, indicating high sensitivity to weak optical signals. These results establish YxIn2−xO3 ternary alloy as a viable material platform for SBUV detection and provide a new design strategy for developing highly sensitive, low-noise and spectrally selective ultraviolet photodetectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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31 pages, 51329 KB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Spray Cooling on High-Temperature Surfaces in Industrial Rotary Coolers
by Fangshuo Fan, Zuobing Chen, Yanhui Lai, Jiawei Liu and Ya Mao
Technologies 2025, 13(12), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13120589 - 15 Dec 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Spray cooling efficiency plays a critical role in the heat dissipation process from the external surface of industrial low-carbon cement rotary coolers. This study numerically investigated the thermal performance of high-temperature zones by examining four spray parameters: spray angle, nozzle distance, spray height, [...] Read more.
Spray cooling efficiency plays a critical role in the heat dissipation process from the external surface of industrial low-carbon cement rotary coolers. This study numerically investigated the thermal performance of high-temperature zones by examining four spray parameters: spray angle, nozzle distance, spray height, and mass flow rate. Multi-objective optimization design (MOD) was subsequently performed using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM reveals spray angle as the most significant parameter affecting heat transfer. With temperature uniformity as a constraint, MOD yields the following optimal parameters: 89° spray angle, 380 mm nozzle distance, and 663.5 mm spray height. This configuration achieves an average surface temperature of 814.33 K and a heat flux of 131,588.3 W/m2. The optimized spray parameters ensure high heat flux and uniform surface temperature while enlarging the heat transfer area and strengthening the synergistic heat transfer between dual nozzles. This approach provides a reliable technical pathway for efficient thermal management in industrial rotary cooler exteriors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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26 pages, 3749 KB  
Article
Synthesis of Pectin Hydrogels from Grapefruit Peel for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Water
by Vinusiya Vigneswararajah, Nirusha Thavarajah and Xavier Fernando
Technologies 2025, 13(9), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13090403 - 5 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2157
Abstract
The increasing presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments, driven by the production of industrial waste and consumer products, poses serious environmental and health risks due to their toxicity and persistence. Copper (Cu(II)) and nickel (Ni(II)) are particularly harmful, with high concentrations linked [...] Read more.
The increasing presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments, driven by the production of industrial waste and consumer products, poses serious environmental and health risks due to their toxicity and persistence. Copper (Cu(II)) and nickel (Ni(II)) are particularly harmful, with high concentrations linked to neurological, dermatological and carcinogenic effects. This proof-of-concept study explores the synthesis of sustainable hydrogels derived from grapefruit peel (biosorbents) for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. Pectin was extracted from the peels and was used to synthesize pectin-based hydrogels (PH) and pectin hydrogel metal–organic frameworks (PHM composites). The hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, diameter size and water absorption capacity. Lyophilized hydrogels were significantly smaller than their wet counterparts, and adsorption performance was analyzed using FAAS. PHs demonstrated high Cu(II) removal efficiency, achieving 95.11% adsorption and 97.75 mg/g capacity at pH 5. PHM composites showed comparable Cu(II) adsorption with a maximum capacity of 67.53 mg/g. Notably, PHs also exhibited rapid Ni(II) adsorption, reaching 92.62% efficiency and 28.189 mg/g capacity within one minute. These findings highlight the potential of pectin-based hydrogels as an effective, low-cost and environmentally friendly method for heavy metal remediation in water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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Review

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36 pages, 1231 KB  
Review
Overview of Existing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Methods Used in Industrial Environments
by Tanya Avramova, Teodora Peneva and Aleksandar Ivanov
Technologies 2025, 13(10), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13100444 - 1 Oct 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6671
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate technological process is essential to achieve optimal results in manufacturing companies. This affects quality, efficiency and competitiveness. In the modern industry, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are increasingly used to evaluate, optimize and solve various manufacturing challenges. In this [...] Read more.
The selection of an appropriate technological process is essential to achieve optimal results in manufacturing companies. This affects quality, efficiency and competitiveness. In the modern industry, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are increasingly used to evaluate, optimize and solve various manufacturing challenges. In this review article, existing methodologies and patents related to optimization and decision making are investigated. The main characteristics and applications of the methods are outlined. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review and evaluation of the main MCDM methods used in industrial practice, including through an analysis of relevant methodologies and patents. The methodology involves a structured literature and patent review, focusing on applications of widely used MCDM techniques such as the AHP (analytic hierarchy process), ANP (analytic network process), FUCOM (full consistency method), TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution), and VIKOR (višekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje). The analysis outlines each method’s strengths, limitations and areas of applicability. Special attention is given to the potential of the FUCOM for process evaluation in manufacturing. The findings are intended to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate decision-making tools based on specific industrial contexts and objectives. In conclusion, from the comparative analysis made, the methodologies reveal their advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations that arise in their application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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Other

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39 pages, 1059 KB  
Systematic Review
Ground Enhancement Materials for Grounding Systems: A Systematic Review of Factors, Technologies and Advances
by Hugo Martínez Ángeles, Cesar Augusto Navarro Rubio, Luis Angel Iturralde Carrera, Leonel Díaz-Tato, José Gabriel Ríos Moreno, Mario Trejo Perea, Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano and Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz
Technologies 2026, 14(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14010049 - 8 Jan 2026
Viewed by 375
Abstract
Grounding Systems (GS) play a critical role in electrical safety, lightning protection, and the reliable operation of power and renewable energy infrastructures, particularly in high-resistivity soils. In this context, Ground Enhancement Materials (GEM) are widely used to reduce soil resistivity and improve grounding [...] Read more.
Grounding Systems (GS) play a critical role in electrical safety, lightning protection, and the reliable operation of power and renewable energy infrastructures, particularly in high-resistivity soils. In this context, Ground Enhancement Materials (GEM) are widely used to reduce soil resistivity and improve grounding performance. This systematic review analyzes and synthesizes recent advances (2018–2025) in GEM applied to GS, with emphasis on their electrical performance, durability, and environmental sustainability. The review covers conventional GEM, industrial waste-derived materials, and hybrid formulations, evaluating their effectiveness under different soil types and moisture conditions. Comparative analysis of the literature indicates that GEM derived from industrial byproducts and hybrid composites often exhibit superior long-term resistivity reduction due to enhanced moisture retention and material-soil interactions, especially in clay-rich and heterogeneous soils. Sustainability considerations such as environmental impact, material availability, and long-term stability are increasingly influencing GEM selection and design. Overall, this review provides a structured framework for understanding the factors governing GEM performance while highlighting current trends, challenges, and future research directions in the development of sustainable grounding solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Advances in Science, Medicine, and Engineering 2025)
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