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Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving
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Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 November 2022) | Viewed by 12886

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Irfan Khan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
Interests: energy storage; microgrids; renewable energy sources; energy networks; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mohd Tariq

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engg. And Tech., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
Interests: solar PV system design; energy storage; MPPT techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue's primary objective is the deployment of renewable energy, economic development, energy security improvement, increased access to energy, and the mitigation of climate change. Sustainable development is possible by using sustainable energy and ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for citizens.

The Special Issue also addresses the application of the solar PV systems in the generation of electricity for off-grid, on-grid, and EV applications. The design and integration of different components such as PV arrays, high gain dc/dc converters, grid-connected inverters, metaheuristic-based optimization techniques for obtaining maximum power and parameter extraction of the solar PV system, etc., shall be the focus of this Special Issue.

Moreover, as the world's population and standards of living increase, the demand for energy will consequently increase, which will be followed by environmental problems. Hence, various governments are coming up with different legislation, regulations, and standards of energy, as well as policies for public and private energy saving. Therefore, this Special Issue will explore the latest developments in energy-saving design technologies and methodologies to provide energy security and mitigate climate change.

This Special Issue aims to advance sustainable research studies and developments on renewable energies and energy saving for achieving a more sustainable world. This Special Issue seeks contributions spanning a broad range of topics related, but not limited, to:

  • The design of renewable energy systems;
  • Metaheuristic MPPT techniques;
  • Optimization techniques based the solution of maximum power extraction;
  • Parameter extraction of solar PV systems using optimization/intelligent techniques;
  • Power electronic converters (inverters) for renewable energy systems;
  • Control techniques for grid integration of renewable energy systems;
  • DC–DC and hybrid AC/DC power electronic converters for integration of EV;
  • Energy storage and renewable energy systems;
  • Next-generation renewable energy technologies;
  • Legislation, regulations, and standards of energy;
  • Policies for public and private energy saving;
  • Wind energy cogeneration;
  • Energy security;
  • Climate change mitigation.

Dr. Irfan Khan
Dr. Mohd Tariq
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • energy saving
  • energy systems
  • energy technologies
  • energy security

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  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1441 KiB  
Article
A New Fast Deterministic Economic Dispatch Method and Statistical Performance Evaluation for the Cascaded Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem
by Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal, Muhammad Salman Fakhar, Noor Ul Ain, Ahsen Tahir, Irfan Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Abbas and Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif
Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021644 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
The Cascaded Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling (CSTHTS) problem is a highly non-linear, multi-modal, non-convex, and NP-hard optimization problem that has been solved by conventional and metaheuristic algorithms in the past. As the CSTHTS problem falls under the category of applied operational research, therefore, the [...] Read more.
The Cascaded Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling (CSTHTS) problem is a highly non-linear, multi-modal, non-convex, and NP-hard optimization problem that has been solved by conventional and metaheuristic algorithms in the past. As the CSTHTS problem falls under the category of applied operational research, therefore, the work is still on-going to find new algorithms and variants of the existing algorithms that would better approximate the optimal global solution in a shorter computational time. This article proposes a novel deterministic thermal economic dispatch method embedded with the improved Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm to infinitesimally reduce the Big O time complexity for the standard benchmark test case of the CSTHTS optimization problem. Then, it discusses and presents the importance of performing standard statistical tests to establish the supremacy of one metaheuristic algorithm over the other one in solving the CSTHTS problem. The results obtained are better than the results of the many state-of-the-art algorithms applied to solve the considered test case of the CSTHTS problem in the literature, and the superiority of the improved APSO algorithm has been established statistically using the parametric independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test over the other metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization in solving the chosen test case of the CSTHTS problem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving)
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22 pages, 26232 KiB  
Article
Characterizing Current THD’s Dependency on Solar Irradiance and Supraharmonics Profiling for a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Power Plant
by Sukanta Roy, Anjan Debnath, Mohd Tariq, Milad Behnamfar and Arif Sarwat
Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021214 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3332
Abstract
The rapidly increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) in power systems are now getting interconnected to set community grid structures, where power quality will be a major concern. The grid-to-grid (G2G) bidirectional power transfer among the distribution microgrid will not be considered commercially feasible [...] Read more.
The rapidly increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) in power systems are now getting interconnected to set community grid structures, where power quality will be a major concern. The grid-to-grid (G2G) bidirectional power transfer among the distribution microgrid will not be considered commercially feasible unless the upstream harmonics are under the limits. The aggregation of such harmonics, measured as total harmonic distortion (THD), is feared to be beyond tolerable limits with the progression of rooftop grid-tied PV-like installations. Hence, this THD needs to be characterized with DER generation end variables. In this work, the photovoltaic (PV) DERs’ dependency on environment variables such as irradiance was profiled in the context of generating and injecting harmonics into the grid. A mathematical model of a grid-tied three-phase PV DER was developed as part of this correlation characterization, matching the fundamental unit structure of a 1.4 MW solar canopy located on the Florida International University (FIU) Miami campus. To determine the qualitative association with produced THD patterns, the model was evaluated with various irradiance settings. A real-time digital simulation (RTDS) platform was used to verify it. Following this confirmation, sets of data from power quality meters at the point of common coupling and FIU field sensors were utilized to validate further the correlation model. The results showed that the grid current’s THD exhibited a high correlation with the irradiance profile and its variation over time. The early morning and late afternoon periods of the day, associated with a low irradiance, constantly had higher harmonics generated from the PV DER. The midday THD was rather rational with partial shadings, hence a geolocation-dependent factor. These findings were verified by an RTDS and validated by real field data. In quantifying the THD injected by a single DER at a high-frequency (2–150 kHz) supraharmonics (SH) level, a 3% peak increment in magnitude was observed from the high-fixed to the low-fixed irradiance profile. The correlation characteristics depicted that the hybrid microgrid suffered from a daytime-dependent harmonic insertion from the grid-tied DER. This is a global problem unless specific measures are taken to mitigate the harmonics. The electrically notorious higher-frequency SH was found to increase proportionally. The G2G power transfer can be limited because of the higher THD in the early morning and late afternoon, which will also worsen because the numbers of grid-tied PV DERs (i.e., rooftop solar and industrial solar) are likely to increase rapidly soon. The community grid structure can thus have a controlled harmonics filtration setup purposefully designed to address the findings of this work, which also fall within the scope of our future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving)
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16 pages, 3482 KiB  
Article
Aquila Optimization Based Harmonic Elimination in a Modified H-Bridge Inverter
by Md Reyaz Hussan, Mohammad Irfan Sarwar, Adil Sarwar, Mohd Tariq, Shafiq Ahmad, Adamali Shah Noor Mohamed, Irfan A. Khan and Mohammad Muktafi Ali Khan
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020929 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2390
Abstract
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are capable of producing high-quality output voltage and handling large amounts of power. This reduces the size of the filter while also simplifying the circuitry. As a result, they have a wide range of applications in industries, particularly in smart [...] Read more.
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are capable of producing high-quality output voltage and handling large amounts of power. This reduces the size of the filter while also simplifying the circuitry. As a result, they have a wide range of applications in industries, particularly in smart grids. The input voltage boosting feature is required to use the MLI with renewable energy. Moreover, many components are required to get higher output voltage levels that add weight and cost to the circuit. Numerous MLI topologies have been identified to minimize the losses, device count, and device ratings. A seven-level modified H-bridge inverter with a reduced component count, and reduced THD is presented in this paper. Two DC sources with six IGBTs have been used to generate a seven-level output voltage, and the Aquila Optimizer (AO) has been implemented to get the regulated output. MATLAB/Simulink environment has been used for designing the simulation model. Furthermore, the simulation result has been validated in the laboratory on a hardware setup using the DSP-TMS320F28335 Launchpad. With the reduced number of switching devices as well as the dc supply, the size of the inverter is compacted and becomes more economical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving)
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25 pages, 20386 KiB  
Article
Archimedes Optimization Algorithm Based Selective Harmonic Elimination in a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
by Rashid Ahmed Khan, Shoeb Azam Farooqui, Mohammad Irfan Sarwar, Seerin Ahmad, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, Mohammad Zaid, Shafiq Ahmad and Adamali Shah Noor Mohamed
Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010310 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4237
Abstract
This paper presents the Archimedes optimization algorithm to eliminate selective harmonics in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI). The foremost objective of the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is to eliminate lower order harmonics by finding the optimal switching angle combination which minimizes [...] Read more.
This paper presents the Archimedes optimization algorithm to eliminate selective harmonics in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI). The foremost objective of the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is to eliminate lower order harmonics by finding the optimal switching angle combination which minimizes the objective function containing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and other specific harmonic terms. Consequently, the THD is also reduced. In this study, a recently proposed metaheuristic technique named the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is used to determine the optimal angles corresponding to the 5, 7 and 9 level CHB-MLI. AOA involves equations related to a physical law, the Archimedes Principle. It is based on the idea of a buoyant force acting upward on a body or object that is partially or completely submerged in a fluid, and the upward force is related to the weight of the fluid displaced. This optimization technique has been implemented on CHB-MLI to generate various level outputs, simulated on MATLAB™ R2021a version environment software. The simulation results reveal that AOA is a high-performance optimization technique in terms of convergence speed and exploitation-exploration balance and is well-suited to the solution of the SHE problem. Furthermore, the laboratory validated the simulation result on a hardware setup using DSP-TMS320F28379D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Research on Renewable Energy and Energy Saving)
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