Sustainability

Research

32 pages, 3852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

E-Leadership Within Public Sector Organisations: A Systematic Literature Review

by Vita Juknevičienė, Nora Leach, Rita Toleikienė, Sigitas Balčiūnas, Gotautė Razumė, Irma Rybnikova and Inese Āboliņa

Sustainability 2025, 17(10), 4474; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104474 - 14 May 2025

Viewed by 89

Abstract

E-leadership has become particularly prominent in the public sector over the last five years. The urgent shift requires more remote work and management via information and communication technologies. In recognition of its ever-growing popularity, the objective of this article is to provide a [...] Read more.

E-leadership has become particularly prominent in the public sector over the last five years. The urgent shift requires more remote work and management via information and communication technologies. In recognition of its ever-growing popularity, the objective of this article is to provide a systematic review of the existing literature on e-leadership within public sector organisations and identify key research approaches and outcomes. The analysis provides a framework of research on e-leadership in public sector entities, by focusing on various theoretical, methodological, empirical and contextual perspectives, specifically tailored to public sector organisations. The detailed framework, presented here, incorporates dimensions, approaches, clusters and findings of previous research (articles, published in the period 2013–2022), aiding a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and its practical implementation. The study complies with PRISMA 2020 requirements. As it shall be demonstrated, interest in the phenomenon surged during the pandemic, particularly within educational and management disciplines. The findings highlight a predominant focus on leadership within educational institutions, whilst areas such as healthcare and public governance remain under-researched. The most common theoretical approach adopted is associated with the transformational leadership theory and encompasses three main interpretations. Specifically, it evaluates e-leadership as a strategic approach, a leadership process and a leadership transformation. Qualitative methodology predominates in e-leadership research within the public sector, with quantitative and mixed-method approaches being less frequent. Addressing the challenges identified by previous research, such as competency and infrastructure deficiencies, is crucial for advancing knowledge of e-leadership in the public sector and improving sustainable performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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29 pages, 2775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Will Participation in Dual Value Chains Promote Manufacturing Upgrades and Green Development?

by Shi Wang and Shanshan Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 4234; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094234 - 7 May 2025

Viewed by 143

Abstract

The global and domestic divisions of labor have had a great influence on the economy and environment in China during the last decade. With the refinement of production processes, national value chains (NVCs) coexist with global value chains (GVCs), enabling regions to participate [...] Read more.

The global and domestic divisions of labor have had a great influence on the economy and environment in China during the last decade. With the refinement of production processes, national value chains (NVCs) coexist with global value chains (GVCs), enabling regions to participate in dual value chains (DVCs) simultaneously. This study calculates the NVCs and GVCs participation of manufacturing sectors in China’s provinces. On this basis, this research adopts a fixed effects model to analyze the impact of GVCs and NVCs participation and their interaction effect on manufacturing upgrades and green development. The results show, first, that significant regional differences in GVCs participation exist among provinces in China. In comparison, provincial NVCs participation demonstrates fewer regional differences. Second, there are significant sectoral differences of GVCs participation in China’s manufacturing industry—high-tech manufacturing is more embedded than other manufacturing industries. The sectoral differences in NVCs participation are relatively small. Third, GVCs and NVCs participation and their interaction effect have significantly promoted the upgrading and green development of manufacturing sectors in provinces of China, and this impact exhibits significant heterogeneity across regions, industries, and NVCs participation modes. The conclusions of this study provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations for the upgrading and green development of China’s manufacturing industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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22 pages, 955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Domestic Market Integration and Subsidies Provided by Local Government to Zombie Firms: Evidence from China’s City-Level Data

by Xixi Lin and Wenjing Shi

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3796; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093796 - 23 Apr 2025

Viewed by 185

Abstract

With the advancement of economic globalization, market integration has become a critical contributing factor for sustainable economic development. However, the persistence of zombie firms continues to undermine fiscal sustainability, creating a critical policy challenge. The core purpose of this article is to propose [...] Read more.

With the advancement of economic globalization, market integration has become a critical contributing factor for sustainable economic development. However, the persistence of zombie firms continues to undermine fiscal sustainability, creating a critical policy challenge. The core purpose of this article is to propose novel policy directions for emerging economies to foster domestic market integration (DMI) and sustainable development. Based on panel data from 297 cities in China from 2008 to 2020, this paper employs a two-way fixed effects model to empirically test the impact of subsidies allocated to zombie firms on DMI. The results indicate that targeted subsidies provided by local governments to zombie firms exacerbate regional market segmentation and hinder the process of DMI. The analysis reveals several key mechanisms underlying this phenomenon: on the one hand, local governments may shift expenditure burdens to enterprises located outside their jurisdiction, leading to higher institutional trade costs and lower fiscal sustainability; on the other hand, the persistence of zombie firms crowds out the resources available to healthy enterprises and distorts the allocation of factor resources, thereby impeding the ability of local products to compete effectively in intercity markets. However, enhancing the business environment and upgrading the industrial structure can effectively mitigate the market fragmentation induced by such inefficient subsidies. This research offers a novel perspective for quantifying local protectionism and provides important implications to improve DMI as well as sustainable economic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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25 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Configurational Pathways for Fintech-Empowered Sustainable Innovation in SRDIEs Under Financing Constraints

by Fang Ji, Junlin Wu and Yiran Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2397; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062397 - 9 Mar 2025

Viewed by 784

Abstract

The high-quality development of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises (SRDIEs) is essential for advancing an innovation-driven strategy. This paper investigates the impact of financial technology (Fintech) on sustainable innovation within SRDIEs that face financing challenges, analyzing it from supply-side, demand-side, and environmental [...] Read more.

The high-quality development of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises (SRDIEs) is essential for advancing an innovation-driven strategy. This paper investigates the impact of financial technology (Fintech) on sustainable innovation within SRDIEs that face financing challenges, analyzing it from supply-side, demand-side, and environmental perspectives. We utilize fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fSQCA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to explore the configurational paths and complex causal effects of Fintech in facilitating the innovation of SRDIEs amid financing challenges. By employing a combination of NCA and fsQCA, this study identifies several effective pathways through which Fintech enhances the innovation efficiency of SRDIEs. We develop an integrative model to enhance innovation inputs, outputs, and sustainability. The key findings include the following: (1) Fintech significantly enhances innovation output, supported by business efficiency and digital intelligence; (2) two distinct pathways for achieving high-innovation inputs are identified, driven by Fintech intensity and effective credit allocation, with specialization and financial mismatches serving as auxiliary factors; (3) the core conditions of Fintech intensity and the financing environment, along with competitive banking, promote innovation motivation and sustainability in highly specialized enterprises. The conclusions of this study provide both theoretical and practical insights for SRDIEs to tackle innovation challenges characterized by an “inability to innovate”, a “lack of willingness to innovate”, and “ineffectiveness in innovation”, enabling their transition from merely being “able to innovate” and “daring to innovate” to becoming “proficient in sustainable innovation”. These findings offer differentiated sustainable innovation solutions for enterprises through three avenues: capacity building on the demand side, channel optimization on the supply side, and ecological cultivation on the environmental side. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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22 pages, 2548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Maintaining Resources, Diversification, and Internationalization Matter for Achieving High Firm Performance? A Sustainable Competitiveness Strategy for China Taipei Firms

by Ali Akbar Anggara, Yudhistira Pradhipta Aryoko, Rhis Ogie Dewandaru, Alfato Yusnar Kharismasyah and Ilham Nuryana Fatchan

Sustainability 2025, 17(4), 1576; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041576 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 791

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of China Taipei firms in the global business environment, focusing on the role of firm-level factors, the geographical setting context, internationalization, and product diversification. These variables are chosen for their potential to enhance resilience and bring firms into [...] Read more.

This study evaluates the performance of China Taipei firms in the global business environment, focusing on the role of firm-level factors, the geographical setting context, internationalization, and product diversification. These variables are chosen for their potential to enhance resilience and bring firms into global competitiveness. This study performs a generalized least squares (GLS) and curved relationship analysis of 2160 observation samples in the panel analysis, based on a sample of 360 firms across eight industries. The analysis reveals positive correlations between non-labor-intensive operations and effective supply chain management and firms’ overall performance, while dependency on China negatively impacts performance. Notably, the degree of internationalization and product diversification significantly influences the correlations between the key predictors and geographical diversification. A highlight of this study is the application of a curvilinear relationship analysis (non-linear analysis) to assess the real assumptions, providing insight into how these factors interact to affect firm performance. This study stresses the importance of diversifying supply chains, reducing reliance on single markets like China, and enhancing supply chain efficiency through non-labor-intensive operations. This study highlights the need for supportive policies that encourage global expansion, product diversification, and competitiveness in the global business environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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23 pages, 3329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Evolution and Trend Forecasting of New Quality Productive Forces Development Levels in Chinese Urban Agglomerations

by Yufang Shi, Xin Wang and Tianlun Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(4), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041559 - 13 Feb 2025

Viewed by 864

Abstract

New quality productive forces serve as a catalyst for high-quality development and act as a critical driver of Chinese-style modernization. This study evaluated the degree of new quality productive force in China’s five major urban agglomerations between 2013 and 2022 using the entropy [...] Read more.

New quality productive forces serve as a catalyst for high-quality development and act as a critical driver of Chinese-style modernization. This study evaluated the degree of new quality productive force in China’s five major urban agglomerations between 2013 and 2022 using the entropy approach. Additionally, it utilized kernel density estimation, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and Markov chain analysis to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of these forces and their evolutionary trends. The findings revealed the following: (1) Overall, the new quality productive forces in China’s five major urban agglomerations have exhibited a steady upward trend, although the overall level remains relatively low. Among these regions, the Pearl River Delta ranks the highest, followed by the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Chengdu–Chongqing, and the Urban Cluster in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Nevertheless, significant potential for improvement persists. (2) The traditional Markov probability transfer matrix suggests that the new quality productive forces in these urban agglomerations are relatively stable, with evidence of “club convergence”. Meanwhile, the spatial Markov transfer probability matrix indicates that transfer probabilities are influenced by neighborhood contexts. (3) Over time, the new quality productive forces in Chinese urban agglomerations show a tendency to concentrate at higher levels, reflecting gradual improvement. The developmental state and evolutionary patterns of new quality productive forces in Chinese urban agglomerations are thoroughly evaluated in this paper, along with advice for accelerating their growth to promote Chinese-style modernization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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26 pages, 1307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Sustainable Business Environment in Shaping Entrepreneurs’ Performance: Evidence from Myanmar

by Xiaokang Zhao, Nyo Me Hlaing, Huali Shen, Pan Xiao and Tessema Shimelis Adugna

Sustainability 2025, 17(2), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020568 - 13 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1271

Abstract

This study explores how Myanmar’s sustainable business environment influences entrepreneurs’ performance, focusing on the mediating role of knowledge spillover effects of foreign direct investment (KFDI). Data were gathered from 308 entrepreneurs across micro, small, medium, and large enterprises in Myanmar using online surveys [...] Read more.

This study explores how Myanmar’s sustainable business environment influences entrepreneurs’ performance, focusing on the mediating role of knowledge spillover effects of foreign direct investment (KFDI). Data were gathered from 308 entrepreneurs across micro, small, medium, and large enterprises in Myanmar using online surveys via Google Forms and Microsoft Forms. The analysis employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SPSS 29 and SmartPLS 4. The results reveal that (i) the economic environment exerts a substantial positive influence on entrepreneurs’ performance; (ii) access to credit and the social environment show no discernible impact on entrepreneurs’ performance; (iii) both economic and social environments positively influence KFDI; (iv) access to credit has no effect on KFDI; and (v) KFDI partially mediates the relationship between the economic environment and entrepreneurs’ performance while fully mediating the relationship between the social environment and entrepreneurs’ performance. However, KFDI does not mediate the effect of access to credit on entrepreneurs’ performance. These findings underscore the critical role of sustainable economic and social environments in enhancing entrepreneurs’ performance and attracting foreign firms. Policymakers should prioritize these dimensions of the business environment to foster growth, maximize KFDI, and support long-term entrepreneurial success. This approach will not only ensure the economic vitality of Myanmar’s entrepreneurial ecosystem but also contribute to broader social and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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23 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Degradation in Gulf Cooperation Council: Role of ICT Development, Trade, FDI, and Energy Use

by Samira Youssef Brahmia and Sonia Mannai

Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010054 - 25 Dec 2024

Viewed by 966

Abstract

Environmental degradation is a pressing issue, particularly in resource-dependent regions like the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. While significant research has explored the environmental impacts of economic growth and resource use globally, limited attention has been given to the unique dynamics in the [...] Read more.

Environmental degradation is a pressing issue, particularly in resource-dependent regions like the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. While significant research has explored the environmental impacts of economic growth and resource use globally, limited attention has been given to the unique dynamics in the GCC, including the role of ICT development, trade openness, and FDI inflows. This research examines how information and communication technology (ICT) development, economic growth, trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and electricity consumption influenced environmental degradation in GCC countries from 1990 to 2022. Using panel data analysis, the study finds that ICT expansion and increased electricity consumption significantly contribute to higher CO₂ emissions, exacerbating environmental degradation. Economic growth follows the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern, where environmental harm initially increases with growth but can decline as economies diversify and adopt cleaner technologies. Trade openness and FDI inflows, particularly in resource-intensive industries, also contribute to environmental degradation, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. However, these factors present opportunities for sustainable development if paired with stricter environmental regulations and cleaner technology adoption. The study highlights the need for GCC policymakers to prioritize renewable energy investments, enforce stronger environmental policies, and promote energy efficiency to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. Recommendations for future research include exploring other environmental factors and assessing the role of technological innovations in reducing emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

17 pages, 4973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Economy, Logistics Development, and the Increase in Farmers’ Income: An Empirical Analysis of the Eastern Economic Region of China

by Xiaohong Miao, Zhongbin Li, Manxiu Ning and Anxin Xu

Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10427; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310427 - 28 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1027

Abstract

In the context of China’s “Rural revitalization via digital commerce”, this study explored the impact of the digital economy on farmers’ income and the path mechanism of logistics development. On the basis of the panel data of 71 cities in the Eastern Economic [...] Read more.

In the context of China’s “Rural revitalization via digital commerce”, this study explored the impact of the digital economy on farmers’ income and the path mechanism of logistics development. On the basis of the panel data of 71 cities in the Eastern Economic Region of China from 2013–2021, this paper calculates the level of the digital economy and uses the level of logistics development as a moderating variable. Then, the basic transmission mechanism and the heterogeneous transmission mechanism are used to empirically analyze the impact of the digital economy on the income of farmers, exploring the nonlinear link between the digital economy and farmers’ income. The analysis revealed that (1) the development of the digital economy has a significant positive effect on farmers’ income. (2) The impact of the digital economy on the advancement of logistics development showed a delayed phenomenon. (3) The indirect effect of the digital economy on farmers’ income growth also lagged. In this way, this study verified the practical significance of “Rural revitalization via digital commerce” and proposed corresponding recommendations for promoting the development of the digital economy and rural logistics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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16 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Bank Linkages Facilitate Foreign Direct Investment? An Analysis of Global Evidence

by Xueting Liao, Cheng Yu and Lijuan Xie

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 9815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229815 - 11 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1188

Abstract

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for enhancing economic resilience and promoting sustainable development. However, inefficiencies in financial connectivity and capital allocation have hindered the facilitation of FDI. Bank linkages between countries in the global sectors of multinational enterprises (MNEs) offer potential solutions [...] Read more.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for enhancing economic resilience and promoting sustainable development. However, inefficiencies in financial connectivity and capital allocation have hindered the facilitation of FDI. Bank linkages between countries in the global sectors of multinational enterprises (MNEs) offer potential solutions to these challenges. In this paper, we focus on whether sustainable FDI can benefit from consolidating bank linkages, which are measured for each pair of countries in each year as the number of bank pairs in both countries that are connected through cross-border syndicated lending. Using the gravity model, we provide empirical evidence based on cross-border data to support the following conclusions: (1) Bank linkages can sustainably enhance the host country’s attractiveness to FDI through information, external financing, and international financial services channels. (2) This positive effect is pronounced in host countries with lower financial development, weaker institution quality, and higher investment risk while remaining insignificant for OECD countries. (3) Bank linkages exhibit a lagged impact on FDI, but newly established bank linkages are more conducive to inward FDI than those established earlier. In this paper, we offer some policy implications for emerging economies and suggest that emerging economies should continue to deepen their financial openness and strengthen international bank links through various means to attract more inward FDI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

25 pages, 667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implications of Innovative Strategies for Sustainable Entrepreneurship—Solutions to Combat Climate Change

by Oana Pricopoaia, Adrian Lupașc and Iuliana Oana Mihai

Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 9742; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229742 - 8 Nov 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2571

Abstract

We face significant challenges related to sustainability and social responsibility, so sustainable entrepreneurship is a key way to help address these issues. How can sustainable entrepreneurship contribute to combating climate change? This is the question from which this research started. The paper proposes [...] Read more.

We face significant challenges related to sustainability and social responsibility, so sustainable entrepreneurship is a key way to help address these issues. How can sustainable entrepreneurship contribute to combating climate change? This is the question from which this research started. The paper proposes important research directions to develop innovative and sustainable solutions tailored to the problem. By investigating the impact of different innovation strategies, the study aims to provide concrete recommendations to all stakeholders. Recognizing that effective climate action requires collaboration among government, businesses, non-governmental organizations, and citizens, the study emphasizes the importance of raising awareness, education, and access to information. Using fsQCA software version 4.1, the research analyzes various innovation strategies to develop tailored, sustainable solutions. The findings offer concrete recommendations for stakeholders, aiming to facilitate the implementation of sustainable practices and foster a supportive framework for green initiatives. Ultimately, this study contributes to efforts aimed at reducing the carbon footprint and promoting a more responsible economic model in Romania. The results not only provide concrete recommendations for relevant actors but also outline a strategic vision on how a more responsible economic model can be promoted in Romania, with the potential to influence sustainable development policies and inspire future initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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20 pages, 698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corporate Digital Transformation and the Internationalization of R&D

by Yaru Li and Qifan Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219262 - 25 Oct 2024

Viewed by 6596

Abstract

In the context of digital transformation and economic globalization, R&D (research and development) internationalization is essential for enterprises to utilize global resources and achieve technological innovation. This study examines Chinese A-share-listed industrial companies with active overseas R&D from 2010 to 2022 using a [...] Read more.

In the context of digital transformation and economic globalization, R&D (research and development) internationalization is essential for enterprises to utilize global resources and achieve technological innovation. This study examines Chinese A-share-listed industrial companies with active overseas R&D from 2010 to 2022 using a Poisson panel fixed-effects model to assess how digital transformation influences R&D internationalization. The findings confirm that digital transformation significantly enhances the depth and breadth of R&D internationalization, even when controlling for endogeneity. The analysis identifies financing constraints and information communication efficiency as key mediators in this process. Additionally, the impact varies by the type of digital technology and the geographical location of the enterprises. This research not only deepens understanding of the link between digital transformation and R&D internationalization but also aids policy formulation for governments and businesses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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21 pages, 889 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Information Security Management System Implementation on the Financial Performance of Indian Companies: Examining the Moderating Effect of National Culture

by Kanika Duggal and Seunghwan Myeong

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 9058; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209058 - 19 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1574

Abstract

The extensive focus on information technology (IT) within organizations, along with the substantial significance of information security issues, has made information security a top priority for executives. The International Organization for Standardization 27001 (ISO-27001) policy outlines the requirements for an effective Information Security [...] Read more.

The extensive focus on information technology (IT) within organizations, along with the substantial significance of information security issues, has made information security a top priority for executives. The International Organization for Standardization 27001 (ISO-27001) policy outlines the requirements for an effective Information Security Management System (ISMS). Implementing an ISMS not only enhances the overall profitability of a firm, but it also has a significant impact in various scenarios. In this study, we examined how ISMS implementation can assist corporations financially, with a specific focus on the moderating effect of Indian national culture. We analyzed financial performance following ISMS and ISO-27001 implementation using sample data from 420 Indian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By analyzing 256 survey questionnaires from 420 SMEs, we found that national culture amplifies the strong interaction between ISMS implementation and SME performance in India. We found that ISMS implementation increased the profitability of recognized Indian firms, supporting study hypotheses. The findings provide valuable insights for SMEs seeking to enhance financial performance through ISMS implementation, emphasizing the moderating role of national culture in shaping these outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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27 pages, 1383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Upgrading of Provincial Development Zones Reduces Urban Carbon Emission: Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

by Long Xu, Jiayi Zhou and Yuan Liu

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8852; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208852 - 12 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1245

Abstract

This study examines the impact of upgrading provincial development zones on urban carbon emission reduction in China, a vital policy instrument for achieving the nation’s dual objectives of economic growth and green development under the “carbon neutrality and carbon peak” framework. Utilizing panel [...] Read more.

This study examines the impact of upgrading provincial development zones on urban carbon emission reduction in China, a vital policy instrument for achieving the nation’s dual objectives of economic growth and green development under the “carbon neutrality and carbon peak” framework. Utilizing panel data from 276 Chinese cities spanning 2006 to 2019, this study employs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to empirically assess the effects of these upgrades. The findings indicate that these upgrades significantly reduce urban carbon emissions through policy, agglomeration, and regulatory effects. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the policy’s effectiveness is amplified by higher levels of government participation, increased attention to environmental protection, and greater urban emission reduction pressures. Moreover, while the policy facilitates carbon emission reductions in neighboring cities through spatial spillover effects, it does not achieve synergistic control over multiple pollutants, showing no significant impact on other industrial pollutants emissions. These findings provide value insights for policymakers aiming to balance economic development with environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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19 pages, 812 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Smart City Policies on City Resilience: An Evaluation of 282 Chinese Cities

by Yahong Feng, Jie Wang and Tianlun Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8669; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198669 - 8 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2240

Abstract

This study uses four dimensions, namely social resilience, economic resilience, infrastructure resilience, and ecological resilience, to construct an index system for urban resilience. The subject data came from the panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020. We selected [...] Read more.

This study uses four dimensions, namely social resilience, economic resilience, infrastructure resilience, and ecological resilience, to construct an index system for urban resilience. The subject data came from the panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020. We selected a multiperiod double-difference model to study the effects of smart city pilot policies on macro-urban resilience. By conducting parallel-trend tests and selecting appropriate robustness tests, this study drew the following relevant conclusion: smart city pilot policies can have a positive effect on the urban resilience level. These policies exert their influence by facilitating industrial structure upgrading, which plays a partial mediating role. Considering different city area distributions and city scales, smart city pilot policies can have significant heterogeneity in their enhancement of urban resilience. The effect is pronounced in the “east > central > west” states and is more likely to have a significant impact on small- and medium-sized cities. Therefore, promoting the scope of smart city pilots, strengthening the intermediary role of industrial structure upgrading, and implementing differentiated policies for different regions and city sizes are important for sustainable urban development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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22 pages, 3858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainable Production Segment of Global Value Chain View on Semiconductors in China: Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Investment Network

by Qing Liu, Desheng Xue and Wei Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8617; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198617 - 4 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5291

Abstract

The semiconductor industry is a pivotal hub in the global information sector, in which superpowers compete for technological dominance. As a strategic, leading, and foundational sector, it is vital for advancing China’s manufacturing ambitions through new waves of transformation and upgrades. Therefore, of [...] Read more.

The semiconductor industry is a pivotal hub in the global information sector, in which superpowers compete for technological dominance. As a strategic, leading, and foundational sector, it is vital for advancing China’s manufacturing ambitions through new waves of transformation and upgrades. Therefore, of particular concern is the crisis surrounding China’s semiconductor supply chain insecurity and the intensifying U.S. sanctions on China’s high-tech companies. As such, in this study, we utilize data from China’s semiconductor enterprises, investments, and related statistics from 2002 to 2020; industrial agglomeration indicators; and a social network analysis to examine the spatiotemporal pattern, industrial agglomeration, and investment networks of six key value chain segments: wafer materials, packaging materials, semiconductor equipment, integrated circuit (IC) design, manufacturing, and testing/packaging. The research focuses on how these sectors can contribute to sustainable growth and economic responsibility within China’s semiconductor industry. Accordingly, the core questions explored were as follows: what are the provincial-level spatial production dynamics and evolutionary characteristics within China’s semiconductor industry, and how do the inter-provincial investment patterns manifest? The findings reveal the following: (1) The findings reveal a strong concentration of firms in the Eastern Coastal region, particularly in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Guangdong. Additionally, IC design exhibits the highest clustering, and other segments such as wafer materials, manufacturing, and packaging/testing are relatively concentrated, whereas equipment distribution is more dispersed. (2) The industry expanded steadily from 2002 to 2013, with a rapid expansion from 2014 to 2020, particularly in Guangdong. (3) Investment patterns are characterized by local and regional focus, strongly influenced by geographical proximity. This study aims to reveal the geographic concentration patterns of China’s semiconductor industry and to explore its investment networks. The findings are intended to provide theoretical support for optimizing sustainable industrial layouts, promoting sustainable industrial practices, and guiding policy formulation. Furthermore, in the broader context of de-globalization, this study offers insights and recommendations for strengthening industrial autonomy and sustainability in response to external challenges, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of a more robust domestic semiconductor supply chain. These insights are particularly significant in safeguarding China’s technological independence and future economic stability amid global tensions. Furthermore, by integrating sustainability into its semiconductor industry, China can create a more resilient, self-sufficient, and environmentally responsible industrial sector, capable of meeting both domestic and global demands. As China continues to expand its semiconductor industry, incorporating sustainable development principles will be essential for long-term success. The sustainable practices not only ensures compliance with environmental regulations but also enhances industrial competitiveness, promotes green techniques and contributes to broader societal goals. This aligns with China’s broader ambitions for sustainable development and positions the country as a key player in the global green technology revolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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12 pages, 378 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advances in Economic Development through Control of the Underground Economy

by Sorina Emanuela Ștefoni, Iulian Viorel Brașoveanu and Nicoleta Cristache

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8286; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198286 - 24 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1192

Abstract

In an era of ongoing global development and increasing focus on sustainability, the underground economy persistently identifies novel areas for expansion. This dynamic growth compels states to engage in an ongoing search for effective strategies to regulate and mitigate its effects, while simultaneously [...] Read more.

In an era of ongoing global development and increasing focus on sustainability, the underground economy persistently identifies novel areas for expansion. This dynamic growth compels states to engage in an ongoing search for effective strategies to regulate and mitigate its effects, while simultaneously addressing the broader implications for economic development. Poverty, financial development, income inequality, and legal framework are analyzed in this paper in relation to the underground economy for the European Union member states between 2004 and 2022 by way of a panel model. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between the levels of poverty among individuals and the underground economy. Conversely, the interplay between the underground economy and both financial development and the legal framework exhibits a detrimental effect. In conclusion, our analysis reveals that the three primary variables examined—poverty, financial development, and legal framework—substantially influence the scale of the underground economy, with important implications for overall economic development and sustainable growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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19 pages, 2766 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Coupling Relationship between Higher Education and Economic Development in China: Based on Interprovincial Panel Data from 2012 to 2023

by Qingqing Liang and Fang Yin

Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7198; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167198 - 22 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1244

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between education and the economy in China, focusing on 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 2012 to 2023. It developed an appropriate evaluation model to assess the coupling and collaborative development of the ‘higher education and economy’ [...] Read more.

This study explored the relationship between education and the economy in China, focusing on 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 2012 to 2023. It developed an appropriate evaluation model to assess the coupling and collaborative development of the ‘higher education and economy’ composite system. The study quantified both the quantity and quality of higher education modernization in China using the entropy-weight method and a comprehensive development- level evaluation model. The coupling-coordination degree model was applied to empirically analyze the internal logic, operating mechanisms, and coupling-coordination degree between the supply of higher education and the demand for high-quality regional economic development within the context of the new development pattern. Additionally, the obstacle degree model was introduced to identify factors hindering the coupling and coordination of higher education and regional economic development across 31 provinces and municipalities. The findings revealed that (1) the modernization levels of higher education exhibited fluctuating yet overall upward trends, with the eastern region leading. Economic development followed a similar upward trajectory, with the eastern region outperforming other areas. (2) The coupling coordination between higher education and economic development followed a ‘rising-falling-rising’ pattern. (3) The higher education system emerged as the primary obstacle to coupling coordination, with specific challenges varying across different regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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32 pages, 1690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Perspectives of Oil and Gas Industry Managers on the Adoption of Sustainable Practices: A Q Methodology Approach to Green Marketing Strategies

by Bahareh Abedin, Manuela Rozalia Gabor, Irina Olimpia Susanu and Yousif Fllayyih Jaber

Sustainability 2024, 16(14), 5948; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145948 - 12 Jul 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2705

Abstract

This article investigates the perspectives of managers on green marketing strategies in the oil and gas industry, a critical global concern given that a significant portion of historical industrial greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to a few oil and gas companies. [...] Read more.

This article investigates the perspectives of managers on green marketing strategies in the oil and gas industry, a critical global concern given that a significant portion of historical industrial greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to a few oil and gas companies. Employing Q methodology and its subjective operant theory for a nuanced qualitative and quantitative approach, the research builds a Q-sample through a literature review and in-depth interviews with nine experienced Iraqi managers. The P-sample includes 20 senior, middle managers, and supervisors in Iraq’s oil and gas sector. The study identifies five distinct viewpoints among Iraqi managers regarding green marketing strategy adoption: (1) opponents and skeptics; (2) environmental advocates; (3) public opinion advocates; (4) government adherents; and (5) forward-thinking visionaries. The findings contribute valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing green marketing strategies in a region marked by environmental concerns and economic imperatives. This research not only enhances understanding but also informs policymaking, guides businesses in formulating more effective sustainable strategies, and encourages environmental responsibility within the Iraqi corporate landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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23 pages, 2321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Power of Digitalization, the Hainan Free Trade Port, and Regulations for Modern Economic Development in Turkmenistan Are Significant

by Shumin Wang, Odenyazova Maysa, Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli and Wensheng Yang

Sustainability 2024, 16(14), 5947; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145947 - 12 Jul 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2493

Abstract

This study examines the effects of digitization on economic growth in Turkmenistan, emphasizing the legal framework and real-world applications. The definition of “digitalization”, an analysis of its impact on the nation’s economy, and a focus on its unique features are presented first. It [...] Read more.

This study examines the effects of digitization on economic growth in Turkmenistan, emphasizing the legal framework and real-world applications. The definition of “digitalization”, an analysis of its impact on the nation’s economy, and a focus on its unique features are presented first. It then explores several critical issues regarding Turkmenistan’s digital economy’s progress, such as assessing its current economic situation, significant trends, innovation, and challenges. It examines the financial results of implementing the Concept for the Development of the Digital Economy for 2019–2025 and the impacts of these policies. The report’s conclusion offers some recommendations and a breakdown of the challenges Turkmenistan faces as its digital economy expands, and how technology developments, digitization, and regulatory agendas affect Turkmenistan’s and the Hainan Free Trade Port’s economic growth in Turkmenistan. It examines the possible benefits of using digital technologies to promote trade facilitation and regional economic expansion. The potential and state of the country’s digital economy are better understood. The investigation also emphasizes how vital digital technologies are to advancing society and creating jobs, and this research emphasizes the need for digitization as a successful tool for economic growth and highlights the need for a market economy based on a solid legal framework. One of the central tenets of Turkmenistan’s economic strategy is the development of emerging digital technology. Considering China’s experience, the paper examines Turkmenistan’s digital economy’s legal approach to technology use. Turkmenistan can benefit from this experience just by starting its digital transformation journey. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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15 pages, 707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Interest Rate Transmission Mechanism under a Bayesian Network

by Byoung Jo Chun

Sustainability 2024, 16(14), 5840; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145840 - 9 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1345

Abstract

This study examines causal relationships among various short- and long-term interest rates in the Korean financial market to identify transmission channels. Monthly time series data from January 2015 to February 2024 were used, covering nine interest rates, including call rates, commercial paper (CP) [...] Read more.

This study examines causal relationships among various short- and long-term interest rates in the Korean financial market to identify transmission channels. Monthly time series data from January 2015 to February 2024 were used, covering nine interest rates, including call rates, commercial paper (CP) rates, bank lending rates, and Treasury bond yields of different maturities. The study employs a Bayesian network to identify an acyclic causal structure between interest rates alongside a vector error correction model (VECM) to capture long-term equilibrium relationships and short-term dynamics. The findings reconfirm the traditional call rate transmission mechanism, aligning with conventional monetary policy views, demonstrating the call rate’s significant influence on bank lending rates, which affects corporate bond spreads and CP rates. Additionally, it reveals that 10-year Treasury bond yields form an independent interest rate transmission pathway, a finding not previously identified in the literature. These results underscore the need for coordinated monetary and fiscal policies due to the distinct transmission pathways of Treasury yields for sustainable macroeconomic management and growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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23 pages, 882 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Future Innovation Unleashed for Sustainability in Longitudinal Research in Micro- and Small-Sized Enterprises

by Tove Brink

Sustainability 2024, 16(13), 5547; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135547 - 28 Jun 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1233

Abstract

The research reveals how micro- and small-sized enterprises can unleash future innovation to pursue sustainability. This empirical participatory action research is conducted from 2018 to 2022 in 18 multi-case micro- and small-sized enterprises. The findings reveal that these enterprises pursue sustainability through instrumental, [...] Read more.

The research reveals how micro- and small-sized enterprises can unleash future innovation to pursue sustainability. This empirical participatory action research is conducted from 2018 to 2022 in 18 multi-case micro- and small-sized enterprises. The findings reveal that these enterprises pursue sustainability through instrumental, moral and intrinsic value creation in combination. Despite the experienced uncertainty and resource limitations of the participating enterprises, they can pursue future innovation to create value for customers and society addressing, respectively, UN SDGs No. 3, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 17. None of the hitherto noted entrepreneurial literature branches can alone support micro- and small-sized enterprises to pursue future innovation. However, the literature branches illustrate individual useful strengths. Furthermore, they illustrate limitations for value creation. The illustrated useful strengths and the accompanying limitations call for context-dependent use in micro- and small- sized enterprises through the integration of the relevant specific extant literature branches to support their innovation aims, respectively, utilising opportunities, their own and others’ heterogeneous behaviours and reorganising resources to unleash future sustainable innovation in an action learning approach. Further collaborative participatory action research is needed to support and enable the practical implication potential for value creation in micro- and small-sized enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Development and Business Management)

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