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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 11335

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Prof. Dr. Guangxue Li

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Department of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Interests: marine sedimentology; seafloor engneering environment; estuary processes; remote sensing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the oceans, which make up more than 71 percent of the earth's surface, depends heavily on the development of sensors. There are many kinds of sensors to monitor ocean hydrologic, biological, chemical and geological changes, and the observation methods include remote sensing, shipborne observation, in situ observation, manned deep-sea observation, etc. Sensor types and observation methods are developing rapidly. As human beings rely more and more on ocean resources, environment and world peace, various new sensors keep emerging, multiple-sensor-integrated observations continue to improve, and the accuracy of ocean numerical simulators based on sensor data keeps improving. A multi-source data fusion era of ocean big data is coming.

The aim of this Special Issue is to represent the latest advances in ocean observation technology. We welcome contributions in all fields of ocean observation, including new sensors, integrated systems, numerical simulators and big data as well as new applications. Those include but are not limited to:

Ocean remote sensing;
Air–sea interaction observation;
Hydrology sensors;
Biosensors;
Chemosensors;
Seabed sensors;
Multistatic signal processing;
Data interpretation models;
Numerical simulators;
Ocean big data.

Prof. Dr. Guangxue Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2886 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a Newly Designed Sediment Trap for Horizontal Transport Flux

by Cheng Wang, Lei Guo, Shaotong Zhang, Zihang Fei, Gang Xue, Xiuqing Yang and Jiarui Zhang

Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7262; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197262 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1097

Abstract

Marine sediment transport is closely related to seafloor topography, material transport, marine engineering safety, etc. With a developed time-series vector observation device, the sediment capture and transport process can be observed. The structure of the capture tube and the internal filter screen can significantly affect the flow field during the actual observation, further influencing the sediment transport observation and particle capture process. This paper presents a numerical model for investigating the effect of device structure on seawater flow to study the processes of marine sediment transport observation and sediment particle capture. The model is based on the solution of both porous media and the Realizable k-ε turbulence in Fluent software. The flow velocity distribution inside and outside the capture tube with different screen pore sizes (0.300, 0.150, and 0.075 mm) is analyzed. To enhance the reliability of the numerical simulation, the simulation calculation results are compared with the test results and have good coincidence. Finally, by analyzing the motion law of sediment in the capture tube, the accurate capture of sediment particles is achieved, and the optimal capture efficiency of the sediment trap is obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observation)

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19 pages, 3645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eco-Environmental Effect Evaluation of Tamarix chinesis Forest on Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Based on RSEI Model

by Jin Wang, Guangxue Li and Feiyong Chen

Sensors 2022, 22(13), 5052; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22135052 - 5 Jul 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1799

Abstract

Taking representative Tamarix chinensis forest in the national-level special protection zone for ocean ecology of Changyi city in Shandong province of China as the objective, this research studied how to use remote sensing technology to evaluate natural eco-environment and analyze spatiotemporal variation. In the process of constructing the index system of ecological environment effect evaluation based on RSEI (Remote Sensing Ecological Index) model, AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), Salinity, Greenness, Wetness, Heat and Dryness, which can represent the ecological environment of the reserve, were selected as the corresponding indexes. In order to accurately obtain the value of the RSEI of the study area and to retain the information of the original indexes to the greatest extent, the SPCA (spatial principal components analysis) method was applied in this research. Finally, the RSEI was applied to evaluate the ecological and environmental effects and to analyze the spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of the study area. The results not only provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for the protection, transformation and management of the Tamarix chinensis forest in the protection zone but also push the development of the universal model of the ecological environment quality with a remote sensing evaluation index system at a regional scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observation)

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16 pages, 3813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Newly Designed and Experimental Test of the Sediment Trap for Horizontal Transport Flux

by Tao Liu, Zihang Fei, Lei Guo, Jiarui Zhang, Shaotong Zhang and Yan Zhang

Sensors 2022, 22(11), 4137; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114137 - 30 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2014

Abstract

The transport processes of marine suspended sediments are important to the material cycle and the shaping of seafloor topography. Existing sediment monitoring methods are limited in their use under high concentration conditions, and are not effective in monitoring and capturing sediment in 3D directions, and there is an inability to accurately explain sediment transport processes. To infer the transport process of suspended sediments, this study proposed a time-series vector in situ observation device. An accompanying time-series analytic method was developed for sediment transport fluxes. The correlation between the internal and external flow velocities of the capture tube was established through indoor tests, and then the applicability of the device was verified by the correlation between the theoretical capture quality and the actual capture quality, and the analytic formula of the flux was refined. The proposed observation technique can be used for in situ long-term observation and sampling of marine suspended sediments under conventional and even extreme sea conditions, achieving accurate time-series suspended sediment capture and high-resolution transport flux analysis. The technique thus provides a more effective means for scientific research into the dynamics of seafloor sedimentation, the mechanisms of ocean carbon sinks, and the processes of the carbon cycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observation)

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12 pages, 3548 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

High-Precision Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature with Integrated Infrared Thermometer

by Kailin Zhang and Xinyu Wang

Sensors 2022, 22(5), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051872 - 27 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3477

Abstract

The sea surface temperature (SST) is a crucial parameter system in climate monitoring. Satellite remote sensing is currently the most common approach for measuring long-term and large-area sea surface temperatures. The SST data measured by the satellite radiometer include the sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) at a depth of approximately 10 μm. Satellite remote sensing measurement data must be compared and validated with on-site measured data. There are various solutions for on-site measuring instruments; the essential components are usually infrared radiation sensors with radiation output. This paper uses an ordinary integrated infrared thermometer without a radiation output function to remotely measure the sea surface temperature to achieve a high-precision measurement. The scheme of integrating infrared thermometers to measure the sea surface temperature is investigated in this paper. Based on Planck’s formula, the bidirectional conversion relationship between temperature and radiation in a certain band is established. The experimental system introduced in this paper uses an integrated infrared thermometer to measure the small blackbody and the target in a cyclic measurement system. We combine it with the sea surface emissivity characteristics and eliminate the influence of sky background radiation on the sea surface to obtain the actual amount of radiation on the sea surface, from which we obtain the actual radiation amount on the sea surface. Accurate SST can be calculated from the actual amount of radiation at the sea surface. The temperature measurement accuracy can reach 0.1 K, allowing it to meet on-site temperature measurement requirements, as well as the comparison measurement requirements confirmed by satellite remote sensing on-site data. There are relatively few products available for sensors with a temperature measurement accuracy of 0.1 K on the market, and temperature measurement equipment with a temperature measurement accuracy of 0.1 K is relatively expensive. Cost is one of the important factors to consider when using in bulk, especially as global warming increases the need for ocean monitoring. The scheme proposed in this paper is beneficial to reduce the volume and weight of measuring instruments, reduce the cost, and promote the large-scale combined application of sea surface temperature change monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observation)

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21 pages, 39239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Direct Measurements of Turbulence in the Upper Western Pacific North Equatorial Current over a 25-h Period

by Wenlong Yang, Hui Zhou, Yonggang Wang, Juan Liu, Hengchang Liu, Chenglong Liu and William Dewar

Sensors 2022, 22(3), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031167 - 3 Feb 2022

Viewed by 1809

Abstract

Measurements of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (ε) were conducted by a free-fall microstructure profiler in the western Pacific North Equatorial Current (WPNEC) during a continuous period of 25 h, from the sea surface to about 160 m depth. In the mixed layer (ML), ε values were typically on the order of 10⁻⁸∼10⁻⁷ W kg⁻¹, and an obvious diurnal cycle existed in the upper 40 m of the surface mixing layer. Below the ML, ε was reduced to 10⁻⁹∼10⁻⁸ W kg⁻¹ with some patches of high ε reaching 10^−7.5 W kg⁻¹. The barrier layer was identified in the nighttime with a maximum thickness of 20 m, and it was eroded by the advection of freshwater within the lower part of the isothermal layers associated with an anticyclonic eddy in the afternoon. A simple scaling relevant to shear (S²) instability and stratification (N²) that can predict turbulent dissipation rates in the transition layer, between the well-mixed layer and the thermocline below, was obtained through the scaling

ε \sim {|S|}^{- 0.40} {|N|}^{0.20}

. Besides turbulence, double-diffusive processes also contributed to the vertical mixing levels in the upper WPNEC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observation)

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