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Lidar Remote Sensing of Aerosols Application

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 10824

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Dr. Panagiotis Kokkalis

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Guest Editor

1. Physics Department, University of Kuwait (KU), Safat, Kuwait
2. Physics Department, Laser Remote Sensing Unit (LRSU), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
Interests: lidar; remote sensing; retrieval of aerosol optical-microphysical properties; optical design; field campaigns; Cal/Val of aerosol-related space-borne products

Dr. Mika Komppula

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Guest Editor

Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Interests: lidar remote sensing, aerosol measurements, field campaigns, atmospheric aerosols, aerosol-cloud interactions, clouds, arctic aerosols and clouds, pollen

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lidar instruments are based on active optical remote sensing technique and so far they have demonstrated their unique capabilities for atmospheric monitoring. Many different properties of atmospheric constitutes and dynamics can be profiled with high spatial and temporal resolution by using various lidar types: concentration of aerosols, trace gases, and bio-aerosols, wind speed, temperature, etc. Among them, measurement of the aerosol optical properties stands as one of the main application field of current lidar technology, since aerosols influence many atmospheric processes. Nowadays lidar instruments can be found operating synergistically and not only in the framework of ground-based infrastructures and networks but also from space borne platforms as well. All this is needed in order to improve our understanding towards atmospheric aerosols and clouds, their interaction as well as their implications for weather, climate and air quality.

This Special Issue seeks manuscripts in all aspects of research and development related to the aforementioned scientific and technical areas, along with all possible applications towards atmospheric aerosol monitoring. We also invite high-quality research articles focused on lidar design, lidar signal processing and associated experimental setups, in order to highlight novel approaches and recent advancements.

Dr. Panagiotis Kokkalis
Dr. Mika Komppula
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Lidar
remote sensing
aerosols
climate
signal processing
atmosphere

Published Papers (4 papers)

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21 pages, 9293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of Aerosol Optical Coefficients and Their Associated Errors Retrieved from Pure-Rotational and Vibro-Rotational Raman Lidar Signals

by José Alex Zenteno-Hernández, Adolfo Comerón, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Giuseppe D’Amico and Michaël Sicard

Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041277 - 11 Feb 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1962

Abstract

This paper aims to quantify the improvement obtained with a purely rotational Raman (PRR) channel over a vibro-rotational Raman (VRR) channel, used in an aerosol lidar with elastic and Raman channels, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), effective vertical resolution, and absolute and relative uncertainties associated to the retrieved aerosol optical (extinction and backscatter) coefficients. Measurements were made with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network/Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (EARLINET/UPC) multi-wavelength lidar system enabling a PRR channel at 353.9 nm, together with an already existing VRR (386.7 nm) and an elastic (354.7 nm) channels. Inversions were performed with the EARLINET Single Calculus Chain (SCC). When using PRR instead of VRR, the measurements show a gain in SNR of a factor 2.8 and about 7.6 for 3-h nighttime and daytime measurements, respectively. For 3-h nighttime (daytime) measurements the effective vertical resolution is reduced by 17% (20%), the absolute uncertainty (associated to the extinction) is divided by 2 (10) and the relative uncertainty is divided by 3 (7). During daytime, VRR extinction coefficient is retrieved in a limited height range (<2.2 km) preventing the SCC from finding a suitable calibration range in the search height range. So the advantage of using PRR instead of VRR is particularly evidenced in daytime conditions. For nighttime measurements, decreasing the time resolution from 3 to 1 h has nearly no effect on the relative performances of PRR vs. VRR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lidar Remote Sensing of Aerosols Application)

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19 pages, 13402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of a Biomass-Burning Event in PM_2.5 Concentration and Air Quality: A Case Study in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo

by Gregori de Arruda Moreira, Izabel da Silva Andrade, Alexandre Cacheffo, Fábio Juliano da Silva Lopes, Alexandre Calzavara Yoshida, Antonio Arleques Gomes, Jonatan João da Silva and Eduardo Landulfo

Sensors 2021, 21(2), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020425 - 9 Jan 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2663

Abstract

Severe biomass burning (BB) events have become increasingly common in South America in the last few years, mainly due to the high number of wildfires observed recently. Such incidents can negatively influence the air quality index associated with PM_2.5 (particulate matter, which is harmful to human health). A study performed in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) took place on selected days of July 2019, evaluated the influence of a BB event on air quality. Use of combined remote sensing, a surface monitoring system and data modeling and enabled detection of the BB plume arrival (light detection and ranging (lidar) ratio of (50 ± 34) sr at 532 nm, and (72 ± 45) sr at 355 nm) and how it affected the Ångström exponent (>1.3), atmospheric optical depth (>0.7), PM_2.5 concentrations (>25 µg.m⁻³), and air quality classification. The utilization of high-order statistical moments, obtained from elastic lidar, provided a new way to observe the entrainment process, allowing understanding of how a decoupled aerosol layer influences the local urban area. This new novel approach enables a lidar system to obtain the same results as a more complex set of instruments and verify how BB events contribute from air masses aloft towards near ground ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lidar Remote Sensing of Aerosols Application)

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19 pages, 4771 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Canadian Biomass Burning Aerosol Properties Modification during a Long-Ranged Event on August 2018

by Christina-Anna Papanikolaou, Elina Giannakaki, Alexandros Papayannis, Maria Mylonaki and Ourania Soupiona

Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5442; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185442 - 22 Sep 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3058

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the spatio-temporal evolution of a long-lasting Canadian biomass burning event that affected Europe in August 2018. The event produced biomass burning aerosol layers which were observed during their transport from Canada to Europe from the 16 to the 26 August 2018 using active remote sensing data from the space-borne system Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). The total number of aerosol layers detected was 745 of which 42% were identified as pure biomass burning. The remaining 58% were attributed to smoke mixed with: polluted dust (34%), clean continental (10%), polluted continental (5%), desert dust (6%) or marine aerosols (3%). In this study, smoke layers, pure and mixed ones, were observed by the CALIPSO satellite from 0.8 and up to 9.6 km height above mean sea level (amsl.). The mean altitude of these layers was found between 2.1 and 5.2 km amsl. The Ångström exponent, relevant to the aerosol backscatter coefficient (532/1064 nm), ranged between 0.9 and 1.5, indicating aerosols of different sizes. The mean linear particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm for pure biomass burning aerosols was found equal to 0.05 ± 0.04, indicating near spherical aerosols. We also observed that, in case of no aerosol mixing, the sphericity of pure smoke aerosols does not change during the air mass transportation (0.05–0.06). On the contrary, when the smoke is mixed with dessert dust the mean linear particle depolarization ratio may reach values up to 0.20 ± 0.04, especially close to the African continent (Region 4). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lidar Remote Sensing of Aerosols Application)

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9 pages, 1075 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Calculation of the Overlap Function and Associated Error of an Elastic Lidar or a Ceilometer: Cross-Comparison with a Cooperative Overlap-Corrected System

by Michaël Sicard, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Adolfo Comerón and Constantino Muñoz-Porcar

Sensors 2020, 20(21), 6312; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216312 - 5 Nov 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2234

Abstract

This paper establishes the relationship between the signal of a lidar system corrected for the incomplete overlap effect and the signal of another lidar system or a ceilometer for which the overlap function is unknown. Simple mathematical relationships permit the estimation of the overlap function of the second system as well as the associated error. Several overlap functions have been retrieved with this method over a period of 1.5 years with two lidar systems of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. The error when the overlap function reaches 1 is usually less than 7%. The temporal variability estimated over a period of 1.5 years is less than 11% in the first 1.5 km from the surface and peaks at 18% at heights between 1.7 and 2.4 km. The use of a non-appropriate overlap function in the retrieval of the backscatter coefficient yield errors up to 60% in the first 0.5 km and up to 20% above. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lidar Remote Sensing of Aerosols Application)

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