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Dynamic Monitoring of Forest Resources Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 5232

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Department, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: forest monitoring; OBIA; LiDAR; UAV; machine learning; optical satellite imagery; data fusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cartographic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture anf Forest Engineering, Universidad de Leon, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
Interests: forest monitoring; NRT monitoring; LiDAR; 3D data; machine learning; optical satellite imagery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Engineering Department, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: high and very high optical satellite imagery; OBIA; machine learning; LiDAR; UAV; forest monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 21st century has seen the development of countless new remote sensors that can be used to monitor both forests and forest plantations. These sensors use various technologies to capture meaningful and valuable forest information (e.g., LiDAR, SAR, multispectral, and hyperspectral imagery). Furthermore, and depending on the scale of the work, these remote sensors can be used from different platforms (terrestrial, UAV-borne, airborne, and spaceborne remote sensors), which makes it necessary to develop methodologies that allow for the efficient management and effective integration of what we will hereafter call "Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data”.

The dynamic monitoring of forest resources has become a trending research topic not only because of the pivotal socioeconomic importance of forests as providers of ecosystem services (wildlife habitat, supply of wood and non-wood products, recreational opportunities) but also due to the urgent need to collect accurate, timely, and large-scale information related to aboveground biomass and carbon stocks fixed by forests. This comprehensive monitoring is considered crucial within the United Nations framework convention on climate change strategy. In this sense, the growing need for data on the distribution and temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration in forests is likely to drive new research in multi-source remote sensing data fusion in the coming years.

On the other hand, the 21st century has also witnessed the rapid development of powerful tools for the automatic extraction of information from multi-source remote sensing data. We are referring to advances related to object-based image analysis (OBIA), machine learning, and, more recently, the promising contributions of deep learning, which serve as a melting pot from which to extract the best remote sensing data. In our view, this is another line of research that, together with the aforementioned boost in available multi-source remote sensing data, will greatly contribute to the development of an ongoing strategy to support decision making within what could be described as “Integrated and Sustainable Management Policy for Forest Areas”.

This Special Issue will report the latest advances and trends in the field of the dynamic monitoring of forest resources based on multi-source remote sensing, addressing original developments, new applications, and practical solutions to open questions. Topics for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • The application of radar and/or optical satellite sensors (multispectral and hyperspectral) of very high to medium spatial resolution to extract forest dasometric features and classify tree species (area-based approaches).
  • Portable terrestrial LiDAR (PTL) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to digitize forest at centimeter level. Automatic methods for dendrometric features extraction (tree-centric approaches).
  • UAV LiDAR- and image-based (multispectral and hyperspectral) data for accurate and agile forest mapping.
  • The dynamic monitoring of forest from airborne and space-borne LiDAR sensors.
  • The data fusion of multi-source remote sensing data for the dynamic monitoring of forest resources. The integration of data collected from terrestrial and space-borne remote sensors.
  • Object-based image analysis (OBIA) for multi-source remote sensing data fusion in forest resources monitoring.
  • Time series analysis of multi-source remote sensing data in forest resources monitoring.
  • Machine learning and deep learning approaches for extracting meaningful information from multi-source remote sensing data in forest resources monitoring.
  • Near Real-Time (NRT) forest monitoring.

Papers must be original contributions that have not been previously published or submitted to other journals. Submissions based on previously published or submitted conference papers may be considered provided they are considerably improved and extended.

Prof. Dr. Fernando José Aguilar
Prof. Dr. Flor Álvarez-Taboada
Prof. Dr. Manuel Ángel Aguilar
Guest Editors

Muhammad Yasir
Guest Editor Assistant
College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Email: ls1801004@s.upc.edu.cn
Webpage: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jDB7QpwAAAAJ&hl=en
Interests: remote sensing; deep learning; image processing

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multi-source remote sensing data
  • dynamic monitoring of forest resources
  • data fusion
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • OBIA
  • precision forestry
  • multi-temporal remote sensing data
  • aboveground biomass and carbon stock
  • near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 13098 KiB  
Article
Benchmarking of Individual Tree Segmentation Methods in Mediterranean Forest Based on Point Clouds from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery and Low-Density Airborne Laser Scanning
by Abderrahim Nemmaoui, Fernando J. Aguilar and Manuel A. Aguilar
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(21), 3974; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16213974 - 25 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
Three raster-based (RB) and one point cloud-based (PCB) algorithms were tested to segment individual Aleppo pine trees and extract their tree height (H) and crown diameter (CD) using two types of point clouds generated from two different techniques: (1) Low-Density (≈1.5 points/m2 [...] Read more.
Three raster-based (RB) and one point cloud-based (PCB) algorithms were tested to segment individual Aleppo pine trees and extract their tree height (H) and crown diameter (CD) using two types of point clouds generated from two different techniques: (1) Low-Density (≈1.5 points/m2) Airborne Laser Scanning (LD-ALS) and (2) photogrammetry based on high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. Through intensive experiments, it was concluded that the tested RB algorithms performed best in the case of UAV point clouds (F1-score > 80.57%, H Pearson’s r > 0.97, and CD Pearson´s r > 0.73), while the PCB algorithm yielded the best results when working with LD-ALS point clouds (F1-score = 89.51%, H Pearson´s r = 0.94, and CD Pearson´s r = 0.57). The best set of algorithm parameters was applied to all plots, i.e., it was not optimized for each plot, in order to develop an automatic pipeline for mapping large areas of Mediterranean forests. In this case, tree detection and height estimation showed good results for both UAV and LD-ALS (F1-score > 85% and >76%, and H Pearson´s r > 0.96 and >0.93, respectively). However, very poor results were found when estimating crown diameter (CD Pearson´s r around 0.20 for both approaches). Full article
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17 pages, 3427 KiB  
Article
Discriminating between Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Poplar Forests Using Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data
by Quan Zhou, Jinjia Kuang, Linfeng Yu, Xudong Zhang, Lili Ren and Youqing Luo
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(19), 3751; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193751 - 9 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 884
Abstract
Sustainable forest management faces challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) and drought stress both induce water shortages in poplar trees, but require different management strategies. In northwestern China, ALB and drought stress caused massive mortality in poplar [...] Read more.
Sustainable forest management faces challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) and drought stress both induce water shortages in poplar trees, but require different management strategies. In northwestern China, ALB and drought stress caused massive mortality in poplar shelterbelts, which seriously affected the ecological functions of poplars. Developing a large-scale detection method for discriminating them is crucial for applying targeted management. This study integrated UAV-hyperspectral and LiDAR data to distinguish between ALB and drought stress in poplars of China’s Three-North Shelterbelt. These data were analyzed using a Partial Least Squares-Support Vector Machine (PLS-SVM). The results showed that the LiDAR metric (elev_sqrt_mean_sq) was key in detecting drought, while the hyperspectral band (R970) was key in ALB detection, underscoring the necessity of integrating both sensors. Detection of ALB in poplars improved when the poplars were well watered. The classification accuracy was 94.85% for distinguishing well-watered from water-deficient trees, and 80.81% for detecting ALB damage. Overall classification accuracy was 78.79% when classifying four stress types: healthy, only ALB affected, only drought affected, and combined stress of ALB and drought. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of UAV-hyperspectral and LiDAR data in distinguishing ALB and drought stress in poplar forests, which contribute to apply targeted treatments based on the specific stress in poplars in northwest China. Full article
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24 pages, 11826 KiB  
Article
Generation of High Temporal Resolution Fractional Forest Cover Data and Its Application in Accurate Time Detection of Forest Loss
by Wenxi Shi, Xiang Zhao, Hua Yang, Longping Si, Qian Wang, Siqing Zhao and Yinkun Guo
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(13), 2387; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132387 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1471
Abstract
Fractional Forest cover holds significance in characterizing the ecological condition of forests and serves as a crucial input parameter for climate and hydrological models. This research introduces a novel approach for generating a 250 m fractional forest cover product with an 8-day temporal [...] Read more.
Fractional Forest cover holds significance in characterizing the ecological condition of forests and serves as a crucial input parameter for climate and hydrological models. This research introduces a novel approach for generating a 250 m fractional forest cover product with an 8-day temporal resolution based on the updated GLASS FVC product and the annualized MODIS VCF product, thereby facilitating the development of a high-quality, long-time-series forest cover product on a global scale. Validation of the proposed product, employing high spatial resolution GFCC data, demonstrates its high accuracy across various continents and forest cover scenarios globally. It yields an average fit coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9085 and an average root-mean-square error of 7.22%. Furthermore, to assess the availability and credibility of forest cover data with high temporal resolution, this study integrates the CCDC algorithm to map forest disturbances and quantify the yearly and even monthly disturbed trace area within two sub-study areas of the Amazon region. The achieved sample validation accuracy is over 86%, which substantiates the reliability of the data. This investigation offers a fresh perspective on monitoring forest changes and observing forest disturbances by amalgamating data from diverse sources, enabling the mapping of dynamic forest cover over an extensive time series with high temporal resolution, thereby mitigating data gaps and enhancing the precision of existing products. Full article
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