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Remote Sensing
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Measuring Surface Deformation of Coastal Areas with SAR Interferometry
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Measuring Surface Deformation of Coastal Areas with SAR Interferometry

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 11459

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabio Matano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze del Mare (CNR-ISMAR), Naples, Italy
Interests: geomorphology; geology; remote sensing; natural hazard; monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guido Ventura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy
Interests: volcanology; remote sensing; geomorphology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal areas of continents and islands are affected by long- to short-term deformations reflecting the complex interaction among different processes including sea level changes, longshore erosion/deposition, sea/salt wedging, river delta/estuary and lagoon processes, groundwater dynamics, tectonics and volcanism. The deformation processes may be caused or enhanced by anthropic activities, such as excavations, underground mining, water, gas, or oil exploitation. In many cases, these processes occur together and interplay at different spatial and time scales. Archive InSAR datasets give the opportunity to analyze recent past surface deformation patterns, and the current availability of high spatial and temporal coverage of SAR data provides the opportunity to produce precise displacement maps. In this framework, the analysis of InSAR data represents a useful tool to detect and monitor surface deformations along the coasts and define their evolution with time. InSAR analysis, coupled with other spatial datasets and geodetic measurements, may allow the recognition among the different causative processes, the cause-effect relations, and the identification of possible ‘chain of deformation events’.

In this Special Issue, we ask for researchers’ contributions dealing with processing and analysis methodologies exploiting In-SAR data to quantify rates of natural and anthropogenic processes causing surface deformations in coastal areas and their influence on related natural hazards. Significative case studies are welcomed. We also encourage studies including processing and analysis of both InSAR and GNSS data providing constraints on ongoing crustal tectonic processes along continental margins, usually characterized by very low rates.

Finally, because coastal areas are sites where population, trade and economic activity is still growing around all the world, we also request for studies involving the merge of InSAR data and available geological, hydrological, oceanic, geographic, and urban planning information, aimed at statistically quantify the cause-effect relations among the different coastal processes and provide well constrained scenarios for the future urban, infrastructural (transports and industry) and agriculture planning.

Dr. Fabio Matano
Dr. Guido Ventura
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Surface deformation
  • SAR Interferometry
  • Coastal areas
  • Coastal processes
  • Tectonic process
  • Natural hazards

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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23 pages, 33049 KiB  
Article
Measuring Coastal Subsidence after Recent Earthquakes in Chile Central Using SAR Interferometry and GNSS Data
by Felipe Orellana, Joaquín Hormazábal, Gonzalo Montalva and Marcos Moreno
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(7), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071611 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3908
Abstract
Coastal areas concentrate a large portion of the country’s population around urban areas, which in subduction zones commonly are affected by drastic tectonic processes, such as the damage earthquakes have registered in recent decades. The seismic cycle of large earthquakes primarily controls changes [...] Read more.
Coastal areas concentrate a large portion of the country’s population around urban areas, which in subduction zones commonly are affected by drastic tectonic processes, such as the damage earthquakes have registered in recent decades. The seismic cycle of large earthquakes primarily controls changes in the coastal surface level in these zones. Therefore, quantifying temporal and spatial variations in land level after recent earthquakes is essential to understand shoreline variations better, and to assess their impacts on coastal urban areas. Here, we measure the coastal subsidence in central Chile using a multi-temporal differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR). This geographic zone corresponds to the northern limit of the 2010 Maule earthquake (Mw 8.8) rupture, an area affected by an aftershock of magnitude Mw 6.8 in 2019. The study is based on the exploitation of big data from SAR images of Sentinel-1 for comparison with data from continuous GNSS stations. We analyzed a coastline of ~300 km by SAR interferometry that provided high-resolution ground motion rates from between 2018 and 2021. Our results showed a wide range of subsidence rates at different scales, of analyses on a regional scale, and identified the area of subsidence on an urban scale. We identified an anomalous zone of subsidence of ~50 km, with a displacement <−20 mm/year. We discuss these results in the context of the impact of recent earthquakes and analyze the consequences of coastal subsidence. Our results allow us to identify stability in urban areas and quantify the vertical movement of the coast along the entire seismic cycle, in addition to the vertical movement of coast lands. Our results have implications for the planning of coastal infrastructure along subduction coasts in Chile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measuring Surface Deformation of Coastal Areas with SAR Interferometry)
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20 pages, 13727 KiB  
Article
An Investigation into Ground Movement on the Ventnor Landslide Complex, UK Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry
by William O’Connor, Gosia Mider, James A. Lawrence, Stewart Agar, Philippa J. Mason, Richard Ghail and Jennifer Scoular
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(18), 3711; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183711 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6665
Abstract
Analysis of ground movement rates along the coastline and upper sections of the Ventnor landslide complex was carried out utilizing Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar methods using Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2015 to 2019 (four years). Results were compared with rainfall data, [...] Read more.
Analysis of ground movement rates along the coastline and upper sections of the Ventnor landslide complex was carried out utilizing Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar methods using Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2015 to 2019 (four years). Results were compared with rainfall data, historical ground investigation records and monitoring surveys carried out at Ventnor to relate observations to geology, geomorphology and rainfall. Decomposition of InSAR viewing geometries to vertical and horizontal aligned well with previous ground-based studies. Subsidence of −9.8 mm a−1 at the Lowtherville Graben and heave of +8.5 mm a−1 along the coastline south of Ventnor Park were observed. Decomposition to east-west geometry results showed an eastward displacement of approximately 12.4 mm a−1 along the coastline south of Ventnor Park, and a westward displacement of −3.7 mm a−1 throughout built up sections of Ventnor town, indicating the landslide was displacing more in an eastern direction than vertically. The cause of this movement was investigated by using publicly available intrusive boreholes paired with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry, and a new ground model spanning east-west parallel to the coastline was presented. No evidence of significant ground movement was observed along heavily protected sections of the coastline, suggesting coastal defences comprised of concrete aprons and rip rap appear to be an effective coastal management/landslide stabilisation tool when compared to rip rap alone. The mechanism of this increased stability is likely due to the combination of toe weighting and reduced toe erosion. A lag of approximately 13–20 days was observed between high rainfall events and subsequent peaks in ground displacement, which was shorter than a 29 day lag observed in a previous study. Similar observations of prolonged rainfall resulting in prolonged displacements were also observed. The study demonstrates the capabilities of the PSI methodology in identifying the same ground movements that conventional methods provide. By providing detailed analysis of ground deformation of the Ventnor landslide, we demonstrate small ground movements, validated with existing ground movement surveys. Similar methodology can be applied to coastal landslides in urban environments worldwide, providing a relatively cheap and rapid resource for coastal landslide monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measuring Surface Deformation of Coastal Areas with SAR Interferometry)
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