remotesensing-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Radiometric Calibration of Satellite Sensors Used in Remote Sensing

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2147

Special Issue Editors

National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: calibration; SNO; passive microwave remote sensing; radiometer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: atmospheric and land remote sensing; remote sensing calibration and validation; environmental science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: geostationary satellite calibration

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: radiometer; passive microwave sounder; pre-launch calibration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue "Radiometric Calibration of Satellite Sensors Used in Remote Sensing" of "Remote Sensing" focuses on the critical aspect of optical radiometric calibrations. It welcomes articles that explore innovative methodologies and technologies for the accurate calibration of satellite sensors across various optical bands and passive microwave bands, as well as active microwave calibration.

Contributions highlighting advancements in ground-based and space-based calibration techniques, as well as those addressing the challenges and solutions in ensuring long-term stability and accuracy of remote sensing data, are particularly encouraged. Articles discussing the impact of radiometric calibration on the quality and reliability of Earth observation data, and those presenting case studies demonstrating practical applications, will also be prioritized.

The following topics are welcome in this Special Issue:

1: Pre-launch calibration:

vacuum test, thermal test, antenna test, black body test and other test-unit or fly-unit pre-launch tests.

2: After-launch calibration:

in-orbit near real time calibration, SNO and SCO inter-calibration, calibration via RTM.

3: Vicarious calibration:

deep space calibration, lunar calibration, lake calibration, desert calibration, rain forest calibration and ocean calibration;

4: Calibration-related sensor technology:

state-of-the-art technology for the receiver, black body, antenna and other main components of sensors.

Dr. Shengli Wu
Dr. Yong Zhang
Dr. Boyang Chen
Dr. Juyang Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • calibration
  • radiometer
  • SNO
  • SCO
  • vicarious calibration
  • lunar calibration
  • pre-launch calibration

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

25 pages, 2339 KB  
Article
An Operational Ground-Based Vicarious Radiometric Calibration Method for Thermal Infrared Sensors: A Case Study of GF-5A WTI
by Jingwei Bai, Yunfei Bao, Guangyao Zhou, Shuyan Zhang, Hong Guan, Mingmin Zhang, Yongchao Zhao and Kang Jiang
Remote Sens. 2026, 18(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020302 - 16 Jan 2026
Viewed by 431
Abstract
High-resolution TIR missions require sustained and well-characterized radiometric accuracy to support applications such as land surface temperature retrieval, drought monitoring, and surface energy budget analysis. To address this need, we develop an operational and automated ground-based vicarious radiometric calibration framework for TIR sensors [...] Read more.
High-resolution TIR missions require sustained and well-characterized radiometric accuracy to support applications such as land surface temperature retrieval, drought monitoring, and surface energy budget analysis. To address this need, we develop an operational and automated ground-based vicarious radiometric calibration framework for TIR sensors and demonstrate its performance using the Wide-swath Thermal Infrared Imager (WTI) onboard Gaofen-5 01A (GF-5A). Three arid Gobi calibration sites were selected by integrating Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-derived topography, and WTI-based radiometric uniformity metrics to ensure low cloud cover, flat terrain, and high spatial homogeneity. Automated ground stations deployed at Golmud, Dachaidan, and Dunhuang have continuously recorded 1 min contact surface temperature since October 2023. Field-measured emissivity spectra, Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) radiosonde profiles, and MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) v5.2 simulations were combined to compute top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances, which were subsequently collocated with WTI imagery. After data screening and gain-stratified regression, linear calibration coefficients were derived for each TIR band. Based on 189 scenes from February–July 2024, all four bands exhibit strong linearity (R-squared greater than 0.979). Validation using 45 independent scenes yields a mean brightness–temperature root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.67 K. A full radiometric-chain uncertainty budget—including contact temperature, emissivity, atmospheric profiles, and radiative transfer modeling—results in a combined standard uncertainty of 1.41 K. The proposed framework provides a low-maintenance, traceable, and high-frequency solution for the long-term on-orbit radiometric calibration of GF-5A WTI and establishes a reproducible pathway for future TIR missions requiring sustained calibration stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiometric Calibration of Satellite Sensors Used in Remote Sensing)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3015 KB  
Article
Radiometric Correction of Stray Radiation Induced by Non-Nominal Optical Paths in Fengyun-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder Based on Pre-Launch Thermal Vacuum Calibration
by Xiao Liang, Yaopu Zou, Changpei Han, Libing Li, Yuanshu Zhang and Jieling Yu
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(16), 2828; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162828 - 14 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 789
Abstract
The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the Fengyun-4B satellite plays a critical role in numerical weather prediction and extreme weather monitoring. To meet the requirements of quantitative remote sensing and high-precision operational applications for radiometric calibration accuracy, this study, based on pre-launch [...] Read more.
The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the Fengyun-4B satellite plays a critical role in numerical weather prediction and extreme weather monitoring. To meet the requirements of quantitative remote sensing and high-precision operational applications for radiometric calibration accuracy, this study, based on pre-launch calibration experiments, conducts a novel modeling analysis of the coupling between stray radiation at the input side and the system’s nonlinearity, and proposes a correction method for nonlinear coupling errors. This method explicitly models and physically traces the calibration residuals caused by stray radiation introduced via non-nominal optical paths under the effect of system nonlinearity, which are related to the radiance of the observed target. Experimental results show that, within the brightness temperature range of 200–320 K, the calibration bias is reduced from approximately 0.7 to 0.3–0.4 K, with good consistency and stability observed across channels and pixels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiometric Calibration of Satellite Sensors Used in Remote Sensing)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop