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Applications of Radar Remote Sensing in Earth Observation

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 2483

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China
Interests: InSAR mapping; radar

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Guest Editor
Department of Land Surveying & Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Interests: SAR; InSAR; PSInSAR; deformation monitoring; landslides; geohazards; GNSS; mobile surveying
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State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: SAR; InSAR; PSInSAR; deformation monitoring; oil spill detection; change detection; geohazards
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: geodetic analysis of imaging remote sensing data and data integration; deformation time series modeling and statistical hypothesis testing; physical interpretation of deformation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radar remote sensing has emerged as an important tool for Earth observation, transforming our capacity to observe and understand the Earth’s surface and processes. Its distinctive capacity to penetrate the cloud, function during both day and night, and deliver high-resolution data offers invaluable insights into a multitude of phenomena on Earth. With exceptional accuracy and efficiency, radar remote sensing has contributed significantly to a range of fields, including land surface characterization, oceanography, atmospheric studies, and geohazards.

The rapid advancement of radar remote sensing technology has been driven by the increasing availability of satellite missions, including government-funded platforms such as Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2/4, as well as an expanding number of commercial satellites. Furthermore, there is a growing number of advanced airborne and ground-based radar systems and new sensor technologies. This unprecedented data accessibility, in conjunction with the continuous technical innovation including deep learning, offers a unique opportunity to observe and analyze the Earth’s dynamic processes.

This Special Issue aims to showcase the transformative applications of radar remote sensing in Earth observation, including, but not limited to, land cover and land use mapping, forest canopy height and aboveground biomass estimation, and land hazard and risk monitoring. We encourage submissions that highlight innovative research, novel methodologies, and practical applications of radar remote sensing in these and related fields. Submissions are welcome on a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to, the following:

  1. Applications of radar remote sensing in land hazard and risk monitoring, such as land subsidence monitoring and change detection.
  2. Applications of radar remote sensing in land cover and land use mapping, forest canopy height estimation, aboveground biomass assessment, and other terrestrial studies.
  3. Integration of novel radar sensor data with complementary geophysical datasets to enhance our understanding of the Earth system processes.
  4. Development of new algorithms and techniques for processing and analyzing radar remote sensing data, including conventional signal processing, deep learning, and other machine learning approaches, with an emphasis on improving accuracy and efficiency.

By highlighting these diverse topics, this Special Issue strives to promote a deeper understanding of the role and significance of radar remote sensing in Earth observation. We invite contributions that push the boundaries of radar remote sensing technology and provide practical insights that advance Earth science, fostering innovative solutions for monitoring and analyzing the Earth's changing environment.

Prof. Dr. Guoman Huang
Prof. Dr. Xiaoli Ding
Prof. Dr. Zhong Lu
Dr. Qingli Luo
Dr. Ling Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SAR
  • InSAR
  • land cover and land use mapping
  • forest canopy height
  • aboveground biomass estimation
  • land hazard and risk monitoring
  • earth system
  • deep learning
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 40609 KB  
Article
High-Resolution Monitoring and Driving Factor Analysis of Long-Term Surface Deformation in the Linfen-Yuncheng Basin
by Yuting Wu, Longyong Chen, Tao Jiang, Yihao Xu, Yan Li and Zhe Jiang
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(21), 3536; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213536 - 25 Oct 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
The comprehensive, accurate, and rapid acquisition of large-scale surface deformation using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology provides crucial information support for regional eco-geological safety assessments and the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources. The Linfen-Yuncheng Basin in Shanxi Province is one [...] Read more.
The comprehensive, accurate, and rapid acquisition of large-scale surface deformation using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology provides crucial information support for regional eco-geological safety assessments and the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources. The Linfen-Yuncheng Basin in Shanxi Province is one of China’s historically most frequented regions for geological hazards in plain areas, such as land subsidence and ground fissures. This study employed the coherent point targets based Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) time-series InSAR technique to interpret a dataset of 224 scenes of 5 m resolution RADARSAT-2 satellite SAR images acquired from January 2017 to May 2024. This enabled the acquisition of high-resolution spatiotemporal characteristics of surface deformation in the Linfen-Yuncheng Basin during the monitoring period. The results show that the area with a deformation rate exceeding 5 mm/a in the study area accounts for 12.3% of the total area, among which the subsidence area accounts for 11.1% and the uplift area accounts for 1.2%, indicating that the overall surface is relatively stable. There are four relatively significant local subsidence areas in the study area. The total area with a rate exceeding 30 mm/a is 41.12 km2, and the maximum cumulative subsidence is close to 810 mm. By combining high-resolution satellite images and field survey data, it is found that the causes of the four subsidence areas are all the extraction of groundwater for production, living, and agricultural irrigation. This conclusion is further confirmed by comparing the InSAR monitoring results with the groundwater level data of monitoring wells. In addition, on-site investigations reveal that there is a mutually promoting and spatially symbiotic relationship between land subsidence and ground fissures in the study area. The non-uniform subsidence areas monitored by InSAR show significant ground fissure activity characteristics. The InSAR monitoring results can be used to guide the identification and analysis of ground fissure disasters. This study also finds that due to the implementation of surface water supply projects, the demand for groundwater in the study area has been continuously decreasing. The problem of ground water over-extraction has been gradually alleviated, which in turn promotes the continuous recovery of the groundwater level and reduces the development intensity of land subsidence and ground fissures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Radar Remote Sensing in Earth Observation)
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33 pages, 55463 KB  
Article
A Unified Fusion Framework with Robust LSA for Multi-Source InSAR Displacement Monitoring
by Kui Yang, Li Yan, Jun Liang and Xiaoye Wang
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(20), 3469; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17203469 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 374
Abstract
Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques encounter substantial reliability challenges, primarily due to the presence of gross errors arising from phase unwrapping failures. These errors propagate through the processing chain and adversely affect displacement estimation accuracy, particularly in the case of a [...] Read more.
Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques encounter substantial reliability challenges, primarily due to the presence of gross errors arising from phase unwrapping failures. These errors propagate through the processing chain and adversely affect displacement estimation accuracy, particularly in the case of a small number of SAR datasets. This study presents a unified data fusion framework designed to enhance the detection of gross errors in multi-source InSAR observations, incorporating a robust Least Squares Adjustment (LSA) methodology. The proposed framework develops a comprehensive mathematical model that integrates the fusion of multi-source InSAR data with robust LSA analysis, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the integration of heterogeneous datasets. Then, a systematic, reliability-driven data fusion workflow with robust LSA is developed, which synergistically combines Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) processing, homonymous Persistent Scatterer (PS) set generation, and iterative Baarda’s data snooping based on statistical hypothesis testing. This workflow facilitates the concurrent localization of gross errors and optimization of displacement parameters within the fusion process. Finally, the framework is rigorously evaluated using datasets from Radarsat-2 and two Sentinel-1 acquisition campaigns over the Tianjin Binhai New Area, China. Experimental results indicate that gross errors were successfully identified and removed from 11.1% of the homonymous PS sets. Following the robust LSA application, vertical displacement estimates exhibited a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.7 mm/yr when compared to high-precision leveling data. Furthermore, a localized analysis incorporating both leveling validation and time series comparison was conducted in the Airport Economic Zone, revealing a substantial 42.5% improvement in accuracy compared to traditional Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodologies. Reliability assessments further demonstrate that the integration of multiple InSAR datasets significantly enhances both internal and external reliability metrics compared to single-source analyses. This study underscores the efficacy of the proposed framework in mitigating errors induced by phase unwrapping inaccuracies, thereby enhancing the robustness and credibility of InSAR-derived displacement measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Radar Remote Sensing in Earth Observation)
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23 pages, 17501 KB  
Article
Fusing BDS and Dihedral Corner Reflectors for High-Precision 3D Deformation Measurement: A Case Study in the Jinsha River Reservoir Area
by Zhiyong Qi, Yanpian Mao, Zhengyang Tang, Tao Li, Rongxin Fang, You Mou, Xuhuang Du and Zongyi Peng
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(17), 3000; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17173000 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 795
Abstract
In mountainous canyon regions, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are susceptible to multireflection and tropospheric factors, which frequently reduce the accuracy in monitoring vertical deformation monitoring under short-baseline methods. This limitation hinders the application of BDS/GNSS in high-precision [...] Read more.
In mountainous canyon regions, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are susceptible to multireflection and tropospheric factors, which frequently reduce the accuracy in monitoring vertical deformation monitoring under short-baseline methods. This limitation hinders the application of BDS/GNSS in high-precision monitoring scenarios in those cases. To address this issue, this study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) deformation measurement method that integrates BDS/GNSS positioning with dihedral corner reflectors (CRs). By incorporating high-precision horizontal positioning results obtained from BDS/GNSS into the radar line-of-sight (LOS) correction process and utilizing ascending and descending Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for joint monitoring, the method achieves millimeter-level- accuracy in measuring vertical deformation at corner reflector sites. At the same time, it enhances the 3D positioning accuracy of BDS/GNSS to the 1 mm level under short-baseline configurations. Based on monitoring stations deployed at the Jinsha River dam site, the proposed deformation fusion monitoring method was validated using high-resolution SAR imagery from Germany’s TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite. Simulated horizontal and vertical displacements were introduced at the stations. The results demonstrate that BDS/GNSS achieves better than 1 mm horizontal monitoring accuracy and a vertical accuracy of around 5 mm. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) CRs achieve approximately 2 mm in horizontal accuracy and 1 mm in vertical accuracy. The integrated method yields a 3D deformation monitoring accuracy better than 1 mm. This paper’s results show high potential for achieving high-precision deformation observations by fusing BDS/GNSS and dihedral CRs, offering promising prospects for deformation monitoring in reservoir canyon regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Radar Remote Sensing in Earth Observation)
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