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Polymers
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Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and...
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Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2024) | Viewed by 6559

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrey V. Sybachin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: polyelectrolytes; liposomes; interfacial complexes; drug delivery; nanocontainers; micelles; biocides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Along with ceramics, polymers and metals represent major classes of modern materials. The combination of metals and polymers opens up new possibilities for improving the physical and mechanical properties of materials, as well as for creating new functional systems. The modification of polymers with metal ions and nanoparticles ensures the creation of new materials, such as ion-crosslinked gels, stimuli-sensitive systems, new drugs for theranostics, the formation of sensors, etc. The modification of metals with polymers allows one to control the adhesive properties of materials and functionalize the surface production of metal products with superhydrophobic, biocidal, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion coatings, etc.

In this issue, we would like to collect articles dedicated to the formation of polymer/metal compounds, the study of their structure and properties, as well as the practical application of the formed systems. Attention will be paid to the interaction of polymers with metals at the nanoscale in the creation of polymer microgels, nanoparticles stabilized with macromolecules, new functional nanomaterials, as well as at the macrolevel in the manufacture of polymer coatings on metals and alloys or polymer coatings from metals. All types of articles are welcome.

Dr. Andrey V. Sybachin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coatings
  • nanocomposites
  • functional materials
  • polymer networks
  • nanoparticles
  • interfacial complex
  • stabilization
  • microscopy
  • surface imaging
  • structure analysis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7633 KiB  
Article
In Situ Reduction of Silver Nanoparticles/Urushiol-Based Polybenzoxazine Composite Coatings with Enhanced Antimicrobial and Antifouling Performances
by Jipeng Chen, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Rongkun Jian, Weibin Bai, Guocai Zheng, Zhipeng Xie, Qi Lin, Fengcai Lin and Yanlian Xu
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081167 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Marine anti-fouling coatings represent an efficient approach to prevent and control the marine biofouling. However, a significant amount of antifouling agent is added to improve the static antifouling performance of the coatings, which leads to an issue whereby static antifouling performance conflicts with [...] Read more.
Marine anti-fouling coatings represent an efficient approach to prevent and control the marine biofouling. However, a significant amount of antifouling agent is added to improve the static antifouling performance of the coatings, which leads to an issue whereby static antifouling performance conflicts with eco-friendly traits. Herein, this work reports an in situ reduction synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within polymers to produce composite coatings, aiming to solve the aforementioned issue. Firstly, urushiol-based benzoxazine monomers were synthesized by the Mannich reaction, using an eco-friendly natural product urushiol and n-octylamine and paraformaldehyde as the reactants. Additionally, AgNPs were obtained through the employment of free radicals formed by phenolic hydroxyl groups in the urushiol-based benzoxazine monomers, achieved by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate in benzoxazine. Then, the urushiol-based benzoxazine/AgNPs composite coatings were prepared by the thermosetting method. AgNPs exhibit broad-spectrum and highly efficient antimicrobial properties, with a low risk to human health and a minimal environmental impact. The composite coating containing a small amount of AgNPs (≤1 wt%) exhibits effective inhibition against various types of bacteria and marine microalgae in static immersion, thereby displaying outstanding antifouling properties. This organic polymer and inorganic nanoparticle composite marine antifouling coating, with its simple preparation method and eco-friendliness, presents an effective solution to the conflict between static antifouling effectiveness and environmental sustainability in marine antifouling coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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11 pages, 1876 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Polyacrylate Emulsion Coating with Unmodified and Modified Nano-TiO2 on Weathering Resistance of Untreated and Heat-Treated Wood
by Josip Miklečić, Martina Zeljko, Sanja Lučić Blagojević and Vlatka Jirouš-Rajković
Polymers 2024, 16(4), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16040511 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 623
Abstract
In this research, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and their modifications on the weathering resistance of untreated and heat-treated wood was studied. The wood samples were coated with polyacrylate waterborne emulsion coatings that contain nano-TiO2 in the amount [...] Read more.
In this research, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and their modifications on the weathering resistance of untreated and heat-treated wood was studied. The wood samples were coated with polyacrylate waterborne emulsion coatings that contain nano-TiO2 in the amount of 0.75 wt.%. Two types of modifiers were used to modify the nano-TiO2 surface: 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (AIBA) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (AMPTS). Coated and uncoated wood samples were exposed to accelerated weathering by application of sunlight, water and moisture for 360 h. During the research, the dry film thickness, color, gloss and hardness of the surface of the samples were measured. The obtained results showed that the effect of the addition and surface modification of nano-TiO2 on the color and gloss stability was different on untreated and heat-treated ash wood, and that accelerated weathering causes an increase in surface hardness and a decrease in thickness of the dry coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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14 pages, 17990 KiB  
Article
Ag2O-Containing Biocidal Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes on Glass Surfaces—Adhesive Properties of the Coatings
by Vladislava A. Pigareva, Oleg S. Paltsev, Valeria I. Marina, Dmitrii A. Lukianov, Andrei V. Moiseenko, Nikita M. Shchelkunov, Andrey A. Fedyanin and Andrey V. Sybachin
Polymers 2023, 15(24), 4690; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15244690 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 799
Abstract
Biocidal coatings are of great interest to the healthcare system. In this work, the biocidal activity of coatings based on a complex biocide containing polymer and inorganic active antibacterial components was studied. Silver oxide was distributed in a matrix of a positively charged [...] Read more.
Biocidal coatings are of great interest to the healthcare system. In this work, the biocidal activity of coatings based on a complex biocide containing polymer and inorganic active antibacterial components was studied. Silver oxide was distributed in a matrix of a positively charged interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) using ultrasonic dispersion, forming nanoparticles with an average size of 5–6 nm. The formed nanoparticles in the matrix are not subject to agglomeration and changes in morphology during storage. It was found that the inclusion of silver oxide in a positively charged IPEC allows a more than 4-fold increase in the effectiveness of the complex biocide against E. coli K12 in comparison with the biocidal effect of PDADMAC and IPEC. Polycation, IPEC, and the IPEC/Ag2O ternary complex form coatings on the glass surface due to electrostatic adsorption. Adhesive and cohesive forces in the resulting coatings were studied with micron-scale coatings using dynamometry. It was found that the stability of the coating is determined primarily by adhesive interactions. At the macro level, it is not possible to reliably identify the role of IPEC formation in adhesion. On the other hand, use of the optical tweezers method makes it possible to analyze macromolecules at the submicron scale and to evaluate the multiple increase in adhesive forces when forming a coating from IPEC compared to coatings from PDADMAC. Thus, the application of ternary IPEC/Ag2O complexes makes it possible to obtain coatings with increased antibacterial action and improved adhesive characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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21 pages, 6789 KiB  
Article
Sonochemical Synthesis of Magnetite/Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposites
by Juliene Oliveira Campos de França, Quezia dos Santos Lima, Mariana Martins de Melo Barbosa, Ana Lívia Fernandes Fonseca, Guilherme de França Machado, Sílvia Cláudia Loureiro Dias and José Alves Dias
Polymers 2023, 15(24), 4662; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15244662 - 11 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and magnetite nanoparticles (MNP-Fe3O4) show promise for applications in biomedical treatments. One key challenge is to improve the stabilization and dispersion of MNP-Fe3O4. To address this, we synthesized MNP-Fe [...] Read more.
Nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and magnetite nanoparticles (MNP-Fe3O4) show promise for applications in biomedical treatments. One key challenge is to improve the stabilization and dispersion of MNP-Fe3O4. To address this, we synthesized MNP-Fe3O4/PLA nanocomposites using ultrasound mediation and a single iron(II) precursor, eliminating the need for surfactants or organic solvents, and conducted the process under ambient conditions. The resulting materials, containing 18 and 33 wt.% Fe3O4, exhibited unique thermal behavior characterized by two mass losses: one at a lower degradation temperature (Td) and another at a higher Td compared to pure PLA. This suggests that the interaction between PLA and MNP-Fe3O4 occurs through hydrogen bonds, enhancing the thermal stability of a portion of the polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis supported this finding, revealing shifts in bands related to the terminal –OH groups of the polymer and the Fe–O bonds, thereby confirming the interaction between the groups. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the PLA serves as a protective layer against the oxidation of MNP-Fe3O4 in the 18% MNP-Fe3O4/PLA nanocomposite when exposed to a high-power laser (90 mW). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed that the synthetic procedure yields materials with dispersed nanoparticles within the PLA matrix without the need for additional reactants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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18 pages, 5176 KiB  
Article
Improving Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Antibacterial Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nano Zinc Oxide-Decorated Graphene
by Chi-Hui Tsou, Jian-Hua Du, Wei-Hua Yao, Lei Fu, Chin-San Wu, Yuxia Huang, Chang-Lei Qu and Bin Liao
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2779; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132779 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1379
Abstract
Nano zinc oxide-decorated graphene (G-ZnO) was blended with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) to improve its tensile, thermal, crystalline, and barrier properties. The properties of neat PPS and PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposites were characterized and compared using various tests, including tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, [...] Read more.
Nano zinc oxide-decorated graphene (G-ZnO) was blended with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) to improve its tensile, thermal, crystalline, and barrier properties. The properties of neat PPS and PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposites were characterized and compared using various tests, including tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, evaluation of Escherichia coli inhibition, and barrier performance. The results demonstrated that G-ZnO played a crucial role in heterogeneous nucleation and reinforcement. When the concentration of G-ZnO was 0.3%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, thermostability, crystallinity, and water vapor permeability coefficients (WVPC) approached their maximum values, and the microscopic morphology changed from the original brittle fracture to a relatively tough fracture. In addition, when G-ZnO was added to PPS at a ratio of 0.3%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and WVPC of PPS were increased by 129%, 150%, and 283%, respectively, compared to pure PPS. G-ZnO endowed the nanocomposites with antibacterial properties. The improvement in barrier performance can be attributed to three reasons: (1) the presence of G-ZnO extended the penetration path of molecules; (2) the coordination and hydrogen bonds between PPS polymer matrix and G-ZnO nanofiller narrowed the H2O transmission path; and (3) due to its more hydrophobic surface, water molecules were less likely to enter the interior of PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposites. This study provides valuable insights for developing high-performance PPS-based nanocomposites for various applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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10 pages, 6140 KiB  
Article
Temperature-Dependent Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Cholesteric Copolymer Doped with a Europium Complex
by Alexey Bobrovsky, Alexey Piryazev, Dimitri Ivanov, Makarii Kozlov and Valentina Utochnikova
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061344 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
The design of new materials for non-contact temperature sensors is an important task for scientists working in the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. In the present paper, a novel cholesteric mixture based on a copolymer doped with a highly luminescent europium [...] Read more.
The design of new materials for non-contact temperature sensors is an important task for scientists working in the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. In the present paper, a novel cholesteric mixture based on a copolymer doped with a highly luminescent europium complex was prepared and studied. It was found that the spectral position of the selective reflection peak strongly depends on temperature and a shift towards shorter wavelengths is observed upon heating with an amplitude of more than 70 nm, from the red to green spectral range. This shift is associated with the existence and melting of clusters of smectic order, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction investigations. The extreme temperature dependence of the wavelength of selective light reflection provides a high thermosensitivity of the degree of circular polarization of the europium complex emission. The highest values of the dissymmetry factor are observed when the peak of selective light reflection fully overlaps with the emission peak. As a result, the highest sensitivity of 65%/K for luminescent thermometry materials was obtained. In addition, the ability of the prepared mixture to form stable coatings was demonstrated. The obtained experimental results, i.e., the high thermosensitivity of the degree of circular polarization, and the ability to form stable coatings allow us to consider the prepared mixture as a promising material for luminescent thermometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Metals from Nano- to Macro-Scale: Composite Materials and Coatings)
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