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Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
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Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 14742

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Manuella van Munster

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
PHIM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
Interests: plant virology; insect; vectored-transmission; plant-virus interactions; plant virus biology under abiotic stresses; biotic and abiotic stresses; global environment changes
Dr. Denis Vile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060, Montpellier, France
Interests: plant ecophysiology; genetics; phenomics; plant tolerance to combined abiotic and biotic stresses; statistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Plants suffer from a broad range of abiotic and biotic stresses that do not occur in isolation but are commonly present simultaneously. In nature, the abiotic environment is complex, and factors such as nutrient and water availability, humidity, wind, carbon dioxide levels, salt, pollutants and temperature all affect the growth and physiology of plants. Notably, in the context of climate change, water deficit and high temperature are among the major abiotic stresses impairing plant growth and productivity.

In the meantime, plants have to cope with biotic stresses such as infections by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi), attacks by herbivores, and even plants themselves that also represent highly prevalent constraints in cultivated species. Thus, plants co-evolve with several stresses and a broad range of finely tuned responses have been selected to endure these stresses. Changes in phytohormone pathways, reactive oxygen species, microRNA levels and heat shock proteins are suggested to be the key converging points of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress interactions. However, recent findings indicate that the prediction of a plant’s response to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses cannot always be made from the knowledge of the response to each individual stress, which can even be reversed to positive or negative depending on the context. Increased deleterious effects of combined stresses on plant performance, or enhanced pathogen virulence, are often observed. However, positive effects can be found and may include either increased tolerance to abiotic stress due to pathogen infection or decreased pathogenicity due to a specific abiotic stress.

As a consequence, in recent years, a tremendous boost has taken place in all aspects of plant responses to interactions between abiotic and biotic stresses. Despite an amazing amount of rapidly accumulating information, there are still open questions and challenges in this fascinating field.

This Special Issue thus welcomes submissions containing original research papers, perspectives, hypotheses, opinions and reviews, from cell to whole plant levels, related to plant responses to interactions between abiotic and biotic stresses.

Dr. Manuella van Munster
Dr. Denis Vile
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biotic and abiotic stresses
  • Plant responses
  • Plant pathogen
  • Plant tolerance to abiotic stress

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2414 KiB  
Article
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Pedunculate Oak’s Heat Stress Responses through the Alternation of Polyamines, Phenolics, and Osmotica Content
by Marko Kebert, Saša Kostić, Eleonora Čapelja, Vanja Vuksanović, Srđan Stojnić, Anđelina Gavranović Markić, Milica Zlatković, Marina Milović, Vladislava Galović and Saša Orlović
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233360 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old Q. robur seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment, inoculated with a commercial inoculum [...] Read more.
The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old Q. robur seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment, inoculated with a commercial inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and subjected to 72 h of heat stress (40 °C/30 °C day/night temperature, relative humidity 80%, photoperiod 16/8 h) in a climate chamber, and they were compared with seedlings that were grown at room temperature (RT). An in-depth analysis of certain well-known stress-related metrics such as proline, total phenolics, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation revealed that mycorrhized oak seedlings were more resistant to heat stress (HS) than non-mycorrhized oaks. Additionally, levels of specific polyamines, total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as osmotica (proline and glycine betaine) content were measured and compared between four treatments: plants inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to heat stress (ECM-HS) and those grown only at RT (ECM-RT) versus non-mycorrhized controls exposed to heat stress (NM-HS) and those grown only at room temperature (NM-RT). In ectomycorrhiza inoculated oak seedlings, heat stress led to not only a rise in proline, total phenols, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation but a notable decrease in glycine betaine and flavonoids. Amounts of three main polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine) were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FLD) after derivatization with dansyl-chloride. Heat stress significantly increased putrescine levels in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings but had no effect on spermidine or spermine levels, whereas heat stress significantly increased all inspected polyamine levels in oak seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal inoculum. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) contents were significantly higher in ECM-inoculated plants during heat stress (approximately 940 and 630 nmol g−1 DW, respectively), whereas these compounds were present in smaller amounts in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings (between 510 and 550 nmol g−1 DW for Spd and between 350 and 450 nmol g−1 DW for Spm). These findings supported the priming and biofertilizer roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mitigation of heat stress in pedunculate oaks by modification of polyamines, phenolics, and osmotica content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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16 pages, 3344 KiB  
Article
Herbivory Amplifies Adverse Effects of Drought on Seedling Recruitment in a Keystone Species of Western North American Rangelands
by Mathew Geisler, Sven Buerki and Marcelo D. Serpe
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2628; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192628 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Biotic interactions can affect a plant’s ability to withstand drought. Such an effect may impact the restoration of the imperiled western North American sagebrush steppe, where seedlings are exposed to summer drought. This study investigated the impact of herbivory on seedlings’ drought tolerance [...] Read more.
Biotic interactions can affect a plant’s ability to withstand drought. Such an effect may impact the restoration of the imperiled western North American sagebrush steppe, where seedlings are exposed to summer drought. This study investigated the impact of herbivory on seedlings’ drought tolerance for a keystone species in this steppe, the shrub Artemisia tridentata. Herbivory effects were investigated in two field experiments where seedlings were without tree protectors or within plastic or metal-mesh tree protectors. Treatment effects were statistically evaluated on herbivory, survival, leaf water potential, and inflorescence development. Herbivory occurrence was 80% higher in seedlings without protectors. This damage occurred in early spring and was likely caused by ground squirrels. Most plants recovered, but herbivory was associated with higher mortality during the summer when seedlings experienced water potentials between −2.5 and −7 MPa. However, there were no differences in water potential between treatments, suggesting that the browsed plants were less tolerant of the low water potentials experienced. Twenty months after outplanting, the survival of plants without protectors was 40 to 60% lower than those with protectors. The percentage of live plants developing inflorescences was approximately threefold higher in plants with protectors. Overall, spring herbivory amplified susceptibility to drought and delayed reproductive development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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8 pages, 1403 KiB  
Communication
OsWRKY114 Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance by Restricting Stomatal Closure in Rice
by Giha Song, Seungmin Son, Kyong Sil Lee, Yeo Jin Park, Eun Jung Suh, Soo In Lee and Sang Ryeol Park
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151938 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2415
Abstract
The WRKY family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The WRKY Group III transcription factor OsWRKY114 is a positive regulator of innate immunity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; however, its role in abiotic [...] Read more.
The WRKY family of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The WRKY Group III transcription factor OsWRKY114 is a positive regulator of innate immunity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; however, its role in abiotic stress responses is largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the abundant OsWRKY114 transcripts present in transgenic rice plants are reduced under drought conditions. The overexpression of OsWRKY114 significantly increased drought sensitivity in rice, which resulted in a lower survival rate after drought stress. Moreover, we showed that stomatal closure, which is a strategy to save water under drought, is restricted in OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of PYR/PYL/RCAR genes, such as OsPYL2 and OsPYL10 that confer drought tolerance through stomatal closure, were also markedly lower in the OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results suggest that OsWRKY114 negatively regulates plant tolerance to drought stress via inhibition of stomatal closure, which would otherwise prevent water loss in rice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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16 pages, 1753 KiB  
Article
Water Deficit Improves Reproductive Fitness in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus
by Marina Moreno, Belén Ojeda, Francisco J. Hernández-Walias, Eugenio Sanz-García, Tomás Canto and Francisco Tenllado
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091240 - 4 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
Plants are concurrently exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses, including infection by viruses and drought. Combined stresses result in plant responses that are different from those observed for each individual stress. We investigated compensatory effects induced by virus infection on the fitness of [...] Read more.
Plants are concurrently exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses, including infection by viruses and drought. Combined stresses result in plant responses that are different from those observed for each individual stress. We investigated compensatory effects induced by virus infection on the fitness of hosts grown under water deficit, and the hypothesis that water deficit improves tolerance, estimated as reproductive fitness, to virus infection. Our results show that infection by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) or Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) promotes drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, neither CMV nor TuMV had a positive impact on host reproductive fitness following withdrawal of water, as determined by measuring the number of individuals producing seeds, seed grains, and seed germination rates. Importantly, infection by CMV but not by TuMV improved the reproductive fitness of N. benthamiana plants when exposed to drought compared to watered, virus-infected plants. However, no such conditional phenotype was found in Arabidopsis plants infected with CMV. Water deficit did not affect the capacity of infected plants to transmit CMV through seeds. These findings highlight a conditional improvement in biological efficacy of N. benthamiana plants infected with CMV under water deficit, and lead to the prediction that plants can exhibit increased tolerance to specific viruses under some of the projected climate change scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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14 pages, 2254 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Copper Application for the Elemental Defense of Rice Plants against Rice Leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)
by Boon Huat Cheah, Wen-Po Chuang, Jing-Chi Lo, Yi Li, Chih-Yun Cheng, Zhi-Wei Yang, Chung-Ta Liao and Ya-Fen Lin
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091104 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
Metals that accumulate in plants may confer protection against herbivorous insects, a phenomenon known as elemental defense. However, this strategy has not been widely explored in important crops such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), where it could help to reduce the use [...] Read more.
Metals that accumulate in plants may confer protection against herbivorous insects, a phenomenon known as elemental defense. However, this strategy has not been widely explored in important crops such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), where it could help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. Here, we investigated the potential of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) micronutrient supplements for the protection of rice against a major insect pest, the rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). We found that intermediate levels of Cu (20 μM CuSO4) and high concentrations of Fe (742 μM Fe) did not inhibit the growth of C. medinalis larvae but did inhibit rice root growth and reduce grain yield at the reproductive stage. In contrast, high levels of Cu (80 μM CuSO4) inhibited C. medinalis larval growth and pupal development but also adversely affected rice growth at the vegetative stage. Interestingly, treatment with 10 μM CuSO4 had no adverse effects on rice growth or yield components at the reproductive stage. These data suggest that pest management based on the application of Cu may be possible, which would be achieved by a higher effective pesticide dose to prevent or minimize its phytotoxicity effects in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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Review

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12 pages, 1571 KiB  
Review
Exploiting Virus Infection to Protect Plants from Abiotic Stresses: Tomato Protection by a Begomovirus
by Rena Gorovits, Moshe Shteinberg, Ghandi Anfoka and Henryk Czosnek
Plants 2022, 11(21), 2944; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212944 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2815
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family—TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. [...] Read more.
Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family—TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. To ensure a successful infection, TYLCV preserves a suitable cellular environment where it can reproduce. Infected plants experience a mild stress, undergo adaptation and become partially “ready” to exposure to other environmental stresses. Plant wilting and cessation of growth caused by heat and drought is suppressed by TYLCV infection, mainly by down-regulating the heat shock transcription factors, HSFA1, HSFA2, HSFB1 and consequently, the expression of HSF-regulated stress genes. In particular, TYLCV captures HSFA2 by inducing protein complexes and aggregates, thus attenuating an acute stress response, which otherwise causes plant death. Viral infection mitigates the increase in stress-induced metabolites, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and leads to their reallocation from shoots to roots. Under high temperatures and water deficit, TYLCV induces plant cellular homeostasis, promoting host survival. Thus, this virus-plant interaction is beneficial for both partners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Interactions between Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)
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