Peptide Hormones: Roles in Plant Development, Nutrient Responses and Plant–Microbe Interactions

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 17250

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Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg (ex Leningrad), Russia
Interests: gene expression; molecular biology
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Guest Editor
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: plant development; phytohormones; secondary growth; cytokinin; plant tumors
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Guest Editor
Laboratoire Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Université Technologique de Compiègne, CNRS-UMR 7025, CEDEX, 60203 Compiègne, France
Interests: salicylic acid; plant response to stresses; plant lipids; lipid signalling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Peptide hormones represent a numerous group of plant regulators with diverse roles in plant life. They have been shown to regulate different aspects of plant development including meristem maintenance, tissue differentiation, lateral organ formation, and plant–microbe interactions and systemic response to nutrient availability. Peptide hormones are important systemic coordinators of plant growth in response to biotic and abiotic cues since they are capable of long-distance transport through vascular tissues. For instance, CLE and CEP peptides were shown to move through the xylem from the root to the shoot, therefore transmitting information about nutrient availability, water deficiency, and root interaction with soil microorganisms. Moreover, new groups of peptide hormones are still being described in plants, with new roles for peptide hormones in plant life emerging. Bioinformatics and in silico analysis are tools of interest to discover these new peptide families, and the corresponding receptors.

This Special Issue of Plants aims to highlight the diversity of plant peptide hormones and their receptors involved in plant development, nutrient responses, and plant–microbe interactions. The description of the peptide families, the methodology to discover these new families, and their receptors, the description of their action on plant cells, and the signaling pathways triggered by them are in the scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Maria Lebedeva
Prof. Dr. Irina Dodueva
Prof. Dr. Eric Ruelland
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • regulatory peptides
  • systemic regulation
  • mineral acquisition
  • plant–microbe interactions
  • plant resistance to pathogen
  • response to biotic stress

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4066 KiB  
Article
Identification and Expression Profile of CLE41/44-PXY-WOX Genes in Adult Trees Pinus sylvestris L. Trunk Tissues during Cambial Activity
by Natalia A. Galibina, Yulia L. Moshchenskaya, Tatiana V. Tarelkina, Kseniya M. Nikerova, Maxim A. Korzhenevskii, Aleksandra A. Serkova, Nikita V. Afoshin, Ludmila I. Semenova, Diana S. Ivanova, Elena N. Guljaeva and Olga V. Chirva
Plants 2023, 12(4), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040835 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) protein family members play important roles in the maintenance and proliferation of the stem cells in the cambium, the lateral meristem that forms all the wood structural elements. Most studies have examined the function of these genes in angiosperms, [...] Read more.
WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) protein family members play important roles in the maintenance and proliferation of the stem cells in the cambium, the lateral meristem that forms all the wood structural elements. Most studies have examined the function of these genes in angiosperms, and very little was known about coniferous trees. Pine is one of the most critical forest-forming conifers globally, and in this research, we studied the distribution of WOX4, WOX13, and WOXG genes expression in Pinus sylvestris L. trunk tissues. Further, we considered the role of TDIF(CLE41/44)/TDR(PXY) signaling in regulating Scots pine cambial activity. The distribution of CLE41/44-PXY-WOXs gene expression in Scots pine trunk tissues was studied: (1) depending on the stage of ontogenesis (the first group of objects); and (2) depending on the stage of cambial growth (the second group of objects). The first group of objects is lingonberry pine forests of different ages (30-, 80-, and 180-year-old stands) in the middle taiga subzone. At the time of selection, all the trees of the studied groups were at the same seasonal stage of development: the formation of late phloem and early xylem was occurring in the trunk. The second group of objects is 40-year-old pine trees that were selected growing in the forest seed orchard. We took the trunk tissue samples on 27 May 2022, 21 June 2022, and 21 July 2022. We have indicated the spatial separation expressed of PsCLE41/44 and PsPXY in pine trunk tissues. PsCLE41/44 was differentially expressed in Fraction 1, including phloem cells and cambial zone. Maximum expression of the PsPXY gene occurred in Fraction 2, including differentiating xylem cells. The maximum expression of the PsCLE41/44 gene occurred on 27 May, when the number of cells in the cambial zone was the highest, and then it decreased to almost zero. The PsPXY gene transcript level increased from May to the end of July. We found that the highest transcript level of the PsWOX4 gene was during the period of active cell proliferation in the cambial zone, and also in the trees with the cambial age 63 years, which were characterized by the largest number of cell layers in the cambial zone. In this study, we have examined the expression profiles of genes belonging to the ancient clade (PsWOXG and PsWOX13) in stem tissues in Scots pine for the first time. We found that, in contrast to PsWOX4 (high expression that was observed during the period of active formation of early tracheids), the expression of genes of the ancient clade of the WOX genes was observed during the period of decreased cambial activity in the second half of the growing season. We found that PsWOX13 expression was shifted to Fraction 1 in most cases and increased from the phloem side, while PsWOXG expression was not clearly bound to a certain fraction. Based on the data, the role of the CLE41/44-PXY-WOX signaling module in regulating P. sylvestris cambial growth is discussed. Full article
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14 pages, 3408 KiB  
Article
MtCLE08, MtCLE16, and MtCLE18 Transcription Patterns and Their Possible Functions in the Embryogenic Calli of Medicago truncatula
by Andrei A. Kudriashov, Natalia S. Zlydneva, Elena P. Efremova, Varvara E. Tvorogova and Ludmila A. Lutova
Plants 2023, 12(3), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030435 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1603
Abstract
CLE peptides are well-known hormonal regulators of plant development, but their role in somatic embryogenesis remains undetermined. CLE genes are often regulated by WOX transcription factors and, in their turn, regulate the expression level of WOX genes. In this study, we used in [...] Read more.
CLE peptides are well-known hormonal regulators of plant development, but their role in somatic embryogenesis remains undetermined. CLE genes are often regulated by WOX transcription factors and, in their turn, regulate the expression level of WOX genes. In this study, we used in vitro cultivation, as well as qPCR and transcriptomic analysis, to find CLE peptides which could regulate the MtWOX9-1 gene, stimulating somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula. Three CLE peptides were found which could probably be such regulators, but none of them was found to influence MtWOX9-1 expression in the embryogenic calli. Nevertheless, overexpression of one of CLE genes under study, MtCLE16, decreased somatic embryogenesis intensity. Additionally, overexpression of MtCLE08 was found to suppress expression of MtWOX13a, a supposed antagonist of somatic embryo development. Our findings can be helpful for the search for new regeneration regulators which could be used for plant transformation. Full article
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19 pages, 2380 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Analysis of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Roots with CLE41 Overexpression
by Ksenia Kuznetsova, Irina Dodueva, Maria Gancheva and Lyudmila Lutova
Plants 2022, 11(16), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162163 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2253
Abstract
The CLE41 peptide, like all other TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) family CLE peptides, promotes cell division in (pro-)cambium vascular meristem and prevents xylem differentiation. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the radish primary-growing P35S:RsCLE41-1 roots using the [...] Read more.
The CLE41 peptide, like all other TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) family CLE peptides, promotes cell division in (pro-)cambium vascular meristem and prevents xylem differentiation. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the radish primary-growing P35S:RsCLE41-1 roots using the RNA-seq. Our analysis of transcriptomic data revealed a total of 62 differentially expressed genes between transgenic radish roots overexpressing the RsCLE41-1 gene and the glucuronidase (GUS) gene. For genes associated with late embryogenesis, response to abscisic acid and auxin-dependent xylem cell fate determination, an increase in the expression in P35S:RsCLE41-1 roots was found. Among those downregulated, stress-associated genes prevailed. Moreover, several genes involved in xylem specification were also downregulated in the roots with RsCLE41-1 overexpression. Unexpectedly, none of the well-known targets of TDIFs, such as WOX4 and WOX14, were identified as DEGs in our experiment. Herein, we discuss a suggestion that the activation of pathways associated with desiccation resistance, which are more characteristic of late embryogenesis, in roots with RsCLE41-overexpression may be a consequence of water deficiency onset due to impaired vascular specification. Full article
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19 pages, 7498 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Activity of the CLE41/PXY/WOX Signaling Pathway in the Birch Cambial Zone under Different Xylogenesis Patterns
by Natalia A. Galibina, Yulia L. Moshchenskaya, Tatiana V. Tarelkina, Olga V. Chirva, Kseniya M. Nikerova, Aleksandra A. Serkova, Ludmila I. Semenova and Diana S. Ivanova
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1727; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131727 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
The balance between cell proliferation and differentiation into other cell types is crucial for meristem indeterminacy, and both growth aspects are under genetic control. The peptide-receptor signaling module regulates the activity of the cambial stem cells and the differentiation of their derivatives, along [...] Read more.
The balance between cell proliferation and differentiation into other cell types is crucial for meristem indeterminacy, and both growth aspects are under genetic control. The peptide-receptor signaling module regulates the activity of the cambial stem cells and the differentiation of their derivatives, along with cytokinins and auxin. We identified the genes encoding the signaling module CLE41-PXY and the regulator of vascular cambium division WOX4 and studied their expression during the period of cambial growth in the radial row: the conducting phloem/cambial zone and the differentiating xylem in two forms of Betula pendula, silver birch and Karelian birch. We have shown that the expression maximum of the BpCLE41/44a gene precedes the expression maximum of the BpPXY gene. Non-figured Karelian birch plants with straight-grained wood are characterized by a more intensive growth and the high expression of CLE41/44-PXY-WOX4. Figured Karelian birch plants, where the disturbed ratio and spatial orientation of structural elements characterizes the wood, have high levels of BpWOX4 expression and a decrease in xylem growth as well as the formation of xylem with a lower vessel density. The mutual influences of CLE41-PXY signaling and auxin signaling on WOX4 gene activity and the proliferation of cambium stem cells are discussed. Full article
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17 pages, 2917 KiB  
Article
Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Natriuretic Peptide Active Domain Forms Amyloid-like Fibrils in a pH-Dependent Manner
by Georgia I. Nasi, Foteini D. Aktypi, Panagiotis M. Spatharas, Nikolaos N. Louros, Paraskevi L. Tsiolaki, Vassiliki Magafa, Ioannis P. Trougakos and Vassiliki A. Iconomidou
Plants 2022, 11(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010009 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3363
Abstract
Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are hormones that have been extracted from many different species, with the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP (AtPNP-A) being the most studied among them. AtPNP-A is a signaling molecule that consists of 130 residues and is secreted into the apoplast, under [...] Read more.
Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are hormones that have been extracted from many different species, with the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP (AtPNP-A) being the most studied among them. AtPNP-A is a signaling molecule that consists of 130 residues and is secreted into the apoplast, under conditions of biotic or abiotic stress. AtPNP-A has distant sequence homology with human ANP, a protein that forms amyloid fibrils in vivo. In this work, we investigated the amyloidogenic properties of a 34-residue-long peptide, located within the AtPNP-A sequence, in three different pH conditions, using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, Congo red and Thioflavin T staining assays. We also utilize bioinformatics tools to study its association with known plant amyloidogenic proteins and other A. thaliana proteins. Our results reveal a new case of a pH-dependent amyloid forming peptide in A. thaliana, with a potential functional role. Full article
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Review

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25 pages, 4125 KiB  
Review
Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones
by Irina Dodueva, Maria Lebedeva and Lyudmila Lutova
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112243 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3537
Abstract
Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response [...] Read more.
Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stress and the interaction of plants with their pathogens and symbionts. Various plant-interacting organisms, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as symbiotic and plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi, are able to manipulate phytohormonal level and/or signaling in the host plant in order to overcome plant immunity and to create the habitat and food source inside the plant body. The most striking example of such phytohormonal mimicry is the ability of certain plant pathogens and symbionts to produce peptide phytohormones of different classes. To date, in the genomes of plant-interacting bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, the genes encoding effectors which mimic seven classes of peptide phytohormones have been found. For some of these effectors, the interaction with plant receptors for peptide hormones and the effect on plant development and defense have been demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the currently described classes of peptide phytohormones found among the representatives of other kingdoms, as well as mechanisms of their action and possible evolutional origin. Full article
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