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Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops
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Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 6979

Special Issue Editors

Dr. ShuiJin Hua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
Interests: molecular and physiological regulation on crop growth and development; crop genetics and engineering; crop breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yang Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology (CAB), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: crop functional genomics; crop breeding; plant development and epigenetics; gene editing and biosynthesis; phenomics and machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brassica, including Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, Brassica juncea, and others, is the second largest oilseed crop after soybean, which is important to fulfil both agricultural and industrial demands. As the global demand for lipids soars, increasing the yield and quality of brassica oilseed crops is still a big challenge for both breeding and production because critical agronomic traits can be affected by cultivation and genetics.

Efficient cultivation systems are an effective method of increasing the yield and quality of brassica oilseed crops. Modern cultivation procedures include several integrated agronomic steps, from sowing or direct sowing and transplanting, still fertilization, and nutrient management, to biotic and abiotic stress control, and even harvesting mechanization. Further developing these methods could help crops to quickly achieve better adaptation in response to severe climate changes. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of how advanced cultivation systems are able to boost the yield and quality of brassica oilseed crops requires much effort.

Another key to tackling the problem of unstable yield and quality of brassica oilseed crops is to fully understand the genetic contributions to yield and quality traits. Yield and quality are comprehensive traits that consist of a great number of other traits, such as biotic and abiotic resistance, male sterility and fertilization, heterosis and necrosis, flowering time, and plant body structures. Furthermore, the majority of those traits are quantitative and unevenly determined by different genetic loci. Therefore, to explore the genetic control of yield and quality is the fundamental challenge for the molecular breeding of brassica oilseed crops. As a powerful method to improve yield and quality in brassica oilseed crops, molecular breeding refers to the utilization of specific germplasms to identify functional genes, molecular assisted marker selection, and genetic manipulation of targeted traits by either gene transferring or genome editing.

In this Special Issue, we call for high quality papers to elucidate the advanced mechanisms of yield and quality regulation in brassica oilseed crops from the perspective of efficient cultivation systems and genetic and molecular breeding.

Dr. ShuiJin Hua
Dr. Yang Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 5597 KiB  
Article
Effects of Low Nighttime Temperature on Fatty Acid Content in Developing Seeds from Brassica napus L. Based on RNA-Seq and Metabolome
by Chao Mi, Chao Sun, Yuting Yuan, Fei Li, Qian Wang, Haiping Zhu, Shuijin Hua and Liangbin Lin
Plants 2023, 12(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020325 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1477
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a vital plant oil resource worldwide. The fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in its seeds are controlled by several genetic and environmental factors, including daytime and nighttime temperatures. We analyzed changes in oleic and erucic acid content in [...] Read more.
Brassica napus L. is a vital plant oil resource worldwide. The fatty acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in its seeds are controlled by several genetic and environmental factors, including daytime and nighttime temperatures. We analyzed changes in oleic and erucic acid content in two double haploid (DH) lines, DH0729, a weakly temperature-sensitive line, and DH0815, a strongly temperature-sensitive line, derived from B. napus plants grown at different altitudes (1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, and 2400 m a.s.l., 28.85° N, 112.35° E) and nighttime temperatures (20/18, 20/16, 20/13 and 20/10 °C, daytime/nighttime temperature). Based on medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolites, the total oleic acid content 35 and 43 days after flowering was significantly lower in low nighttime temperature (LNT, 20/13 °C) plants than in high nighttime temperature (HNT, 20/18 °C) plants (HNT: 58–62%; LNT: 49–54%; an average decrease of 9%), and the total erucic acid content was significantly lower in HNT than in LNT plants (HNT: 1–2%; LNT: 8–13%; an average increase of 10%). An RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression levels of SAD (LOC106366808), ECR (LOC106396280), KCS (LOC106419344), KAR (LOC106367337), HB1(LOC106430193), and DOF5 (LOC111211868) in STSL seeds increased under LNT conditions. In STSL seeds, a base mutation in the cis-acting element involved in low-temperature responsiveness (LTR), the HB1 and KCS promoter caused loss of sensitivity to low temperatures, whereas that of the KCS promoter caused increased sensitivity to low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops)
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15 pages, 3182 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Resistance to Clubroot Disease in the Ogura CMS Restorer Line R2163 of Brassica napus
by Jiao Chen, Jiahui Li, Mengya Ma, Bao Li, Yuanwei Zhou, Yongzhong Pan, Youjun Fan, Bin Yi and Jinxing Tu
Plants 2022, 11(18), 2413; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182413 - 16 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has significant heterosis and Ogura CMS is a major way to use it. Ogura CMS has the advantages of complete and stable male sterility and easy-to-breed maintainers. Therefore, to breed better restorers has become an important goal [...] Read more.
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has significant heterosis and Ogura CMS is a major way to use it. Ogura CMS has the advantages of complete and stable male sterility and easy-to-breed maintainers. Therefore, to breed better restorers has become an important goal for this system. Incidentally, clubroot is a soil-borne disease that is difficult to control by fungicidal chemicals, and it has been the main disease of oilseed rape in recent years in China, severely restricting the development of the oilseed rape industry. At present, the most effective method for controlling clubroot disease is to cultivate resistant varieties. One Ogura CMS restorer line (R2163) has shown much better combining ability, but lacks the clubroot disease resistance. This study was carried out to improve R2163 through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). The resistant locus PbBa8.1 was introduced into the restorer R2163, and we then selected R2163R with clubroot disease resistance. Using the new restorer R2163R as the male parent and the sterile lines 116A and Z11A as the female parent, the improved, new resistant hybrids Kenyouza 741R and Huayouza 706R performed well, providing strong resistance and good agronomic traits. This work advances the utilization of heterosis and breeding for clubroot disease resistance in B. napus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops)
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15 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism Variation Caused by Late Planting in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at Reproductive Stage
by Yun Ren, Jianfang Zhu, Hui Zhang, Baogang Lin, Pengfei Hao and Shuijin Hua
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1696; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131696 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1377
Abstract
Delayed planting date of rapeseed is an important factor affecting seed yield. However, regulation of the leaf carbohydrate metabolism in rapeseed by a late planting date at the reproductive stage is scarcely investigated. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect [...] Read more.
Delayed planting date of rapeseed is an important factor affecting seed yield. However, regulation of the leaf carbohydrate metabolism in rapeseed by a late planting date at the reproductive stage is scarcely investigated. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of planting dates, including early (15 September), optimal (1 October), late (15 October), and very late (30 October), on leaf growth and carbohydrate biosynthetic and catabolic metabolism at the reproductive stage. The results showed that leaf dry matter decreased linearly on average from 7.48 to 0.62 g plant−1 with an early planting date, whereas it increased at first and peaked at 14 days after anthesis (DAA) with other planting dates. Leaf dry matter was the lowest at the very late planting date during the reproductive stage. For leaf chlorophyll content, rapeseed planted at an optimal date maximized at 14 DAA with an average content of 1.51 mg g−1 fresh weight, whereas it kept high and stable at a very late planting date after 28 DAA. For the carbohydrate catabolic system, acid and neutral invertase (AI and NI, respectively) showed higher activity before 14 DAA, whereas both sucrose synthase (SS) and starch phosphorylase (SP) showed higher activity after 14 DAA. For the carbohydrate biosynthetic system, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) was the highest at the late planting date after 14 DAA, whereas it was at the lowest at the very late planting date. However, the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) at the late and very late planting dates was significantly higher than that of the early and optimal plant dates after 21 DAA, which is in accordance with the leaf total soluble sugar content, suggesting that leaf carbohydrate metabolism is governed by a biosynthetic system. The current study provides new insights on leaf carbohydrate metabolism regulation by late planting in rapeseed at the reproductive stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops)
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13 pages, 4329 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Pollination Methods on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Plant Growth Traits and Rapeseed Yields
by Jianwen Zhang, Songchao Zhang, Jiqiang Li, Chen Cai, Wei Gu, Xiaohui Cheng, Haohan Wang and Xinyu Xue
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131677 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Pollination success is essential for hybrid oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) seed production, and the pollination method has some influences on the OSR plant growth traits. In order to explore the roles of different pollination methods, four pollination methods of “unmanned agricultural [...] Read more.
Pollination success is essential for hybrid oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus) seed production, and the pollination method has some influences on the OSR plant growth traits. In order to explore the roles of different pollination methods, four pollination methods of “unmanned agricultural aerial system” (UAAS), “natural wind + UAAS” (NW+UAAS), “honeybee” (HB), and “no pollinators” (NP) were set in a hybrid OSR field to investigate their effects on OSR plant traits and rapeseed yields in this study. The control check (CK) area with natural wind (NW) pollination was set as a reference for comparison. The experiments were conducted continuously for 20 days during the OSR plant early to full-bloom stage. The results based on the evaluated OSR plants showed that the growth traits and the rapeseed yields exhibited some differences under different pollination methods. The average plant height under NP pollination was maximum, which was 231.52 cm, while the average plant heights under the other pollination methods exhibited nearly no difference. Except for the HB pollination, the average first-branch heights of the evaluated plants all exceeded 100 cm under the other pollination methods. The average once branch quantity of all the evaluated plants under different pollination methods was 5–7. The average number of effective siliques per plant varied greatly. The average quantity of effective siliques in each OSR plant was about 160 under UAAS, NW+UAAS, and NW pollination, about 100 under HB pollination, and only 2.12 under NP pollination. The thousand-rapeseed weight was 7.32 g under HB pollination, which was the highest of all of the pollination areas. In terms of rapeseed yield, the average rapeseed yields per plant were all more than 10 g, except for the one under NP pollination; the yield per hectare was highest under NW+UAAS pollination, reaching 4741.28 kg, and the yield under NP pollination was lowest, which was only 360.39 kg. The research results provide technical support for supplementary pollination in hybrid OSR seed production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Cultivation, Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Brassica Oilseed Crops)
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