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Photonics
Special Issues
Structured Light Coherence
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Structured Light Coherence

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2021) | Viewed by 25613

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Olga Korotkova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
Interests: optics; coherence; polarization
Prof. Franco Gori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 159, 00154 Rome, Italy
Interests: classical optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last several decades, the manipulation of random light properties by means of the coherence states of their sources became a topic that raised acute academic and technological interest. In the course of this time, it became apparent that the suitable tailoring of the spatial coherence states of stationary sources leads to subsequent changes in all fundamental properties of light beams: color, intensity distribution, spin (polarization), and orbital angular momentum. The same was found to be true for the cyclo-stationary pulses: the average width, shape, and arrival time of the pulse ensemble on passage in a dispersive medium (e.g., a fiber) can be finely controlled by structuring its source’s temporal coherence state. Moreover, the control of emitted radiation was also shown to have a counterpart in scattering problems: structuring the correlation properties of the scatterer’s refractive index provides a tool for the manipulation of the scattered light’s properties.

These advances paved the path for practical exploration of the opportunities presented by such statistical structuring. A variety of potential applications of structured coherence for optical communication, imaging, sensing, and matter manipulation have already been found.

At present, the area of structured light coherence has matured and become a standalone branch of statistical optics with hundreds of publications appearing yearly, worldwide.

We would like to invite you to submit a research article on theoretical aspects or practical applications of the aforementioned topics to this Special Issue of Photonics on “Structured Light Coherence”.

It can be observed that, to some extent, all coherence properties of a source are “structured”. Hence, this term is used here as unifying rather than characterizing. In other words, a paper can deal with coherence structure even if it does not mention this phrase explicitly.


Prof. Olga Korotkova
Prof. Franco Gori
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 145 KiB  
Editorial
Introduction to the Special Issue on Structured Light Coherence
by Olga Korotkova and Franco Gori
Photonics 2021, 8(10), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100457 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Statistical optics, and optical coherence in particular, developed into a stand-alone branch of physical optics in the second half of the 20th century and has found a number of ground-breaking applications in astronomical measurements, medical diagnostics, environmental remote sensing, and wireless communications [...] [...] Read more.
Statistical optics, and optical coherence in particular, developed into a stand-alone branch of physical optics in the second half of the 20th century and has found a number of ground-breaking applications in astronomical measurements, medical diagnostics, environmental remote sensing, and wireless communications [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)

Research

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12 pages, 859 KiB  
Article
Variant-Coherence Gaussian Sources
by Franco Gori and Massimo Santarsiero
Photonics 2021, 8(9), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090403 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1828
Abstract
The celebrated Gaussian Schell model source with its shift-invariant degree of coherence may be the basis for devising sources with space-variant properties in the spirit of structured coherence. Starting from superpositions of Gaussian Schell model sources, we present two classes of genuine cross-spectral [...] Read more.
The celebrated Gaussian Schell model source with its shift-invariant degree of coherence may be the basis for devising sources with space-variant properties in the spirit of structured coherence. Starting from superpositions of Gaussian Schell model sources, we present two classes of genuine cross-spectral densities whose degree of coherence varies across the source area. The first class is based on the use of the Laplace transform while the second deals with cross-spectral densities that are shape-invariant upon paraxial propagation. For the latter, we present a set of shape-invariant cross-spectral densities for which the modal expansion can be explicitly found. We finally solve the problem of ascertain whether an assigned cross-spectral density is shape-invariant by checking if it satisfies a simple differential constraint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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14 pages, 3090 KiB  
Article
Controlled Coherence Plasmonic Light Sources
by Greg Gbur and Matt Smith
Photonics 2021, 8(7), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070268 - 8 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
Through a computational model, we study the coherence converting capabilities of an array of holes in a surface plasmon-supporting metal plate, with an eye towards the creation of controlled coherence plasmonic light sources. We evaluate how the average coherence and transmission of the [...] Read more.
Through a computational model, we study the coherence converting capabilities of an array of holes in a surface plasmon-supporting metal plate, with an eye towards the creation of controlled coherence plasmonic light sources. We evaluate how the average coherence and transmission of the hole array depends on the parameters of the array, such as the array geometry, lattice constant, and hole size. We show that the location of coherence bandgaps and resonances can be estimated through a simple formula and that increases in coherence are strongly correlated with increases in transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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9 pages, 1585 KiB  
Article
Linear Combinations of the Complex Degrees of Coherence
by Zhangrong Mei and Olga Korotkova
Photonics 2021, 8(5), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050146 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
We propose a method for structuring the spatial coherence state of light via mixed linear combinations of N complex degrees of coherence (CDC) and specify the conditions under which such combinations represent a valid CDC. Several examples demonstrate that this method opens previously [...] Read more.
We propose a method for structuring the spatial coherence state of light via mixed linear combinations of N complex degrees of coherence (CDC) and specify the conditions under which such combinations represent a valid CDC. Several examples demonstrate that this method opens previously unknown avenues for modeling random sources, radiating to light fields with unique features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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15 pages, 2236 KiB  
Article
A New Type of Shape-Invariant Beams with Structured Coherence: Laguerre-Christoffel-Darboux Beams
by Rosario Martínez-Herrero, Massimo Santarsiero, Gemma Piquero and Juan Carlos González de Sande
Photonics 2021, 8(4), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040134 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2865
Abstract
A new class of sources presenting structured coherence properties is introduced and analyzed. They are obtained as the incoherent superposition of coherent Laguerre-Gaussian modes with suitable coefficients. This ensures that the shape of the intensity profile and the spatial coherence features of the [...] Read more.
A new class of sources presenting structured coherence properties is introduced and analyzed. They are obtained as the incoherent superposition of coherent Laguerre-Gaussian modes with suitable coefficients. This ensures that the shape of the intensity profile and the spatial coherence features of the propagated beams are invariant during paraxial approximation. A simple analytical expression is obtained for the cross-spectral density of the sources of this class, regardless of the number of superposed modes. Properties of these sources are analyzed and described by several examples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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17 pages, 5737 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Spatiotemporal Intensity of Partially Coherent Pulsed Beams with Spatial Cosine-Gaussian and Temporal Laguerre–Gaussian Correlations in Still, Pure Water
by Chaoliang Ding, Olga Korotkova, Dmitri Horoshko, Zhiguo Zhao and Liuzhan Pan
Photonics 2021, 8(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040102 - 2 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
A new family of partially coherent pulsed beams with spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlations, named spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlated Schell-model (SCTLGSM) pulsed beams, is introduced. An analytic propagation formula is derived for the SCTLGSM pulsed beam through the spatiotemporal ABCD [...] Read more.
A new family of partially coherent pulsed beams with spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlations, named spatial cosine-Gaussian and temporal Laguerre–Gaussian correlated Schell-model (SCTLGSM) pulsed beams, is introduced. An analytic propagation formula is derived for the SCTLGSM pulsed beam through the spatiotemporal ABCD optical system characterizing a continuous dispersive medium. As an example, the evolution of spatiotemporal intensity of the SCTLGSM pulsed beam in a still, pure water column is then investigated. It is found that the SCTLGSM pulsed beams simultaneously exhibit spatiotemporal self-splitting and self-focusing phenomena, which can be attributed to the special spatial/temporal coherence structures and the presence of pulse chirper in the source plane. The physical interpretation of the obtained phenomena is given. The results obtained in this paper will be of interest in underwater optical technologies, e.g., directed energy and communications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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6 pages, 432 KiB  
Communication
Coherence Stokes Parameters in the Description of Electromagnetic Coherence
by Tero Setälä, Kimmo Saastamoinen and Ari T. Friberg
Photonics 2021, 8(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030085 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3372
Abstract
The two-point counterparts of the traditional Stokes parameters, which are called the coherence Stokes parameters, have recently been extensively used for assessing the coherence properties of random electromagnetic light beams. In this work, we highlight their importance by emphasizing two features associated with [...] Read more.
The two-point counterparts of the traditional Stokes parameters, which are called the coherence Stokes parameters, have recently been extensively used for assessing the coherence properties of random electromagnetic light beams. In this work, we highlight their importance by emphasizing two features associated with them. First, the role of polarization in electromagnetic coherence is significantly elucidated when the coherence Stokes parameters are used. Second, the normalized coherence Stokes parameters should be regarded as the true electromagnetic counterparts of the normalized scalar-field correlation coefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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13 pages, 18109 KiB  
Article
Propagation of a Modified Complex Lorentz–Gaussian-Correlated Beam in a Marine Atmosphere
by Baoyin Sun, Han Lü, Dan Wu, Fei Wang and Yangjian Cai
Photonics 2021, 8(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030082 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
In this paper, we study the second-order statistics of a modified complex Lorentz–Gaussian-correlated (MCLGC) beam, which is a new type of partially coherent beam capable of producing an Airy-like intensity pattern in the far field, propagation through marine atmospheric turbulence. The propagation formula [...] Read more.
In this paper, we study the second-order statistics of a modified complex Lorentz–Gaussian-correlated (MCLGC) beam, which is a new type of partially coherent beam capable of producing an Airy-like intensity pattern in the far field, propagation through marine atmospheric turbulence. The propagation formula of spectral density is derived by the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, which could explicitly indicate the interaction of turbulence on the beams’ spectral density under propagation. The influences of the structure constant of the turbulence, initial coherence width and wavelength on the spectral density are investigated in detail through numerical examples. In addition, analytical expressions for the r.m.s beam width, divergence angle and M2 factor of the MCLGC beam in the marine turbulence are also derived with the help of the Wigner distribution function. The results reveal that the beam spreads much faster, and the M2 factor deteriorates severely with the increase of the structure constant and the decrease of the inner scale size, whereas the outer scale size has little effect on these two quantities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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16 pages, 1400 KiB  
Article
Independently Controlling Stochastic Field Realization Magnitude and Phase Statistics for the Construction of Novel Partially Coherent Sources
by Milo W. Hyde IV
Photonics 2021, 8(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020060 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to independently control the field and irradiance statistics of a partially coherent beam. Prior techniques focus on generating optical field realizations whose ensemble-averaged autocorrelation matches a specified second-order field moment known as the cross-spectral density (CSD) [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present a method to independently control the field and irradiance statistics of a partially coherent beam. Prior techniques focus on generating optical field realizations whose ensemble-averaged autocorrelation matches a specified second-order field moment known as the cross-spectral density (CSD) function. Since optical field realizations are assumed to obey Gaussian statistics, these methods do not consider the irradiance moments, as they, by the Gaussian moment theorem, are completely determined by the field’s first and second moments. Our work, by including control over the irradiance statistics (in addition to the CSD function), expands existing synthesis approaches and allows for the design, modeling, and simulation of new partially coherent beams, whose underlying field realizations are not Gaussian distributed. We start with our model for a random optical field realization and then derive expressions relating the ensemble moments of our fields to those of the desired partially coherent beam. We describe in detail how to generate random optical field realizations with the proper statistics. We lastly generate two example partially coherent beams using our method and compare the simulated field and irradiance moments theory to validate our technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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Review

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13 pages, 3150 KiB  
Review
Progress on Studies of Beams Carrying Twist
by Zhenglin Liu, Lipeng Wan, Yujie Zhou, Yao Zhang and Daomu Zhao
Photonics 2021, 8(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040092 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3125
Abstract
Optical twist has always been a hot spot in optics since it was discovered in 1993. Twisted beams can be generated by introducing the twist phase into partially coherent beams, or by introducing the twisting phase into anisotropic beams, whose spectral density and [...] Read more.
Optical twist has always been a hot spot in optics since it was discovered in 1993. Twisted beams can be generated by introducing the twist phase into partially coherent beams, or by introducing the twisting phase into anisotropic beams, whose spectral density and degree of coherence will spontaneously rotate during propagation. Unlike conventional beams, twisted beams have unique properties and can be used in many applications, such as optical communications, laser material processing, and particle manipulation. In this paper, we present a review of recent developments on phase studies of beams carrying twist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structured Light Coherence)
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