Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 13766

Special Issue Editors

Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Interests: mid-infrared photonics; silicon photonics; semiconductor fibers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
Interests: integrated photonics; nanophotonics; fiber optics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The mid-infrared region is an important spectral region in which strong molecular absorption bands and atmospheric transmission windows can be exploited for practical use in medicine, food production, imaging, environmental monitoring, and security. In recent years, the wavelength range over which integrated photonics can operate has been extended to mid-infrared regions.

This Special Issue will focus on state-of-the-art research in integrated photonics for the mid-infrared region. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Design and fabrication of novel mid-infrared waveguides;
  • Mid-infrared optical materials;
  • Integrated mid-infrared photonic devices and their applications;
  • On-chip sensors and sensing systems;
  • Mid-infrared modulators and photodetectors.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Li Shen
Dr. Yi Zou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Design and fabrication of novel mid-infrared waveguides
  • Mid-infrared optical materials
  • Integrated mid-infrared photonic devices and their applications
  • On-chip sensors and sensing systems
  • Mid-infrared modulators and photodetectors

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 6189 KiB  
Article
Tunable Plasmonic Perfect Absorber for Hot Electron Photodetection in Gold-Coated Silicon Nanopillars
by Tangyou Sun, Wenke Song, Zubin Qin, Wenjing Guo, Peihua Wangyang, Zhiping Zhou and Yanrong Deng
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010060 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
Infrared detection technology has important applications in laser ranging, imaging, night vision, and other fields. Furthermore, recent studies have proven that hot carriers which are generated by surface plasmon decay can be exploited for photodetection to get beyond semiconductors’ bandgap restriction. In this [...] Read more.
Infrared detection technology has important applications in laser ranging, imaging, night vision, and other fields. Furthermore, recent studies have proven that hot carriers which are generated by surface plasmon decay can be exploited for photodetection to get beyond semiconductors’ bandgap restriction. In this study, silicon nanopillars (NPs) and gold film at the top and bottom of silicon nanopillars were designed to generate surface plasmon resonance and Fabry–Perot resonance to achieve perfect absorption. The absorption was calculated using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, and factors’ effects on resonance wavelength and absorption were examined. Here we demonstrate how this perfect absorber can be used to achieve near-unity optical absorption using ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures with thicknesses of 15 nm, smaller than the hot electron diffusion length. Further study revealed that the resonance wavelength can be redshifted to the mid-infrared band (e.g., 3.75 μm) by increasing the value of the structure parameters. These results demonstrate a success in the study of polarization insensitivity, detection band adjustable, and efficient perfect absorption infrared photodetectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics)
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15 pages, 2815 KiB  
Article
An Effective Method for Gas-Leak Area Detection and Gas Identification with Mid-Infrared Image
by Qi Zhao, Xiaoxi Nie, Dong Luo, Jue Wang, Qiran Li and Wei Chen
Photonics 2022, 9(12), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120992 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3959
Abstract
Mid-infrared imaging systems are widely applied in gas-leak detection. However, infrared images generally suffer from low contrast and poor quality. In this paper, an image-enhancement method based on Gaussian filtering and adaptive histogram segmentation is proposed to effectively improve the quality of infrared [...] Read more.
Mid-infrared imaging systems are widely applied in gas-leak detection. However, infrared images generally suffer from low contrast and poor quality. In this paper, an image-enhancement method based on Gaussian filtering and adaptive histogram segmentation is proposed to effectively improve the quality of infrared images. It can effectively improve the quality of infrared images, which contributes to the subsequent gas-image feature extraction. The traditional background modeling algorithm is analyzed, and the ViBe (visual background extractor) algorithm is studied in depth. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the ViBe algorithm and the characteristics of gas-leak images, a gas-leak region detection method based on the improved ViBe algorithm is proposed. The test results show that it can quickly establish a background model, segment the gas-leak region with motion characteristics, and render the gas-leak region in color based on grayscale mapping to achieve the automatic detection and enhanced display of gas leaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics)
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9 pages, 552 KiB  
Communication
Scaling Law of THz Yield from Two-Color Femtosecond Filament for Fixed Pump Power
by Irina A. Nikolaeva, Daniil E. Shipilo, Nikolay A. Panov, Weiwei Liu, Andrei B. Savel’ev and Olga G. Kosareva
Photonics 2022, 9(12), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120974 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1426
Abstract
In 3D + time numerical simulations, we study the wavelength scaling law for the energy of terahertz (THz) radiation emitted from a two-color femtosecond filament, which forms during cofocusing into air the fundamental and second harmonics of the laser pulse. In our [...] Read more.
In 3D + time numerical simulations, we study the wavelength scaling law for the energy of terahertz (THz) radiation emitted from a two-color femtosecond filament, which forms during cofocusing into air the fundamental and second harmonics of the laser pulse. In our simulations, the central wavelength of the fundamental harmonic varied from 0.8 to 8 μm and the numerical aperture varied from 0.006 to 0.03. While the harmonics and supercontinuum development are not extreme, so the harmonics spectra are clearly separated, the energy of the generated THz radiation is proportional to the oscillation energy of the electrons, which grows as the squared pump wavelength, and the total number of free electrons in the filament, which decreases quasi-exponentially with the pump wavelength. As a result, the scaling law for the THz energy on the pump wavelength is nonmonotonic with the maximum at 1.6–4 μm depending on the focusing conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics)
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9 pages, 3537 KiB  
Communication
Mid-Infrared Hollow-Core Fiber Based Flexible Longitudinal Photoacoustic Resonator for Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Gas Sensing
by Zuying Xu, Tailin Li, Chaotan Sima, Yanhong Long, Xiaohang Zhang, Yan Ai, Minzhi Hong, Muqi Chen, Botao Deng, Dajuan Lv and Ping Lu
Photonics 2022, 9(12), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120895 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1742
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has received extensive attention in optical gas sensing due to the advantages of high sensitivity, gas selectivity, and online detection. Here, a mid-infrared hollow-core fiber (HCF) based flexible longitudinal photoacoustic resonator for PAS-based gas sensing is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. [...] Read more.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has received extensive attention in optical gas sensing due to the advantages of high sensitivity, gas selectivity, and online detection. Here, a mid-infrared hollow-core fiber (HCF) based flexible longitudinal photoacoustic resonator for PAS-based gas sensing is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. A mid-infrared anti-resonant HCF is designed to innovatively replace the traditional metallic acoustic resonator and obtain a flexible photoacoustic cell in PAS. Optical transmission characteristics of the HCF are analyzed and discussed, achieving single mode operation with below 1 dB/m confinement loss between 3 and 8 μm and covering strong absorptions of some hydrocarbons and carbon oxides. With varied bending radii from 10 mm to 200 mm, the optical mode could be maintained in the hollow core. Based on the photoacoustic effect, generated acoustic mode distributions in the HCF-based flexible photoacoustic resonator are analyzed and compared. Results show that the PAS-based sensor has a stable and converged acoustic profile at the resonant frequency of around 16,787 Hz and a favorable linear response to light source power and gas concentration. The proposed novel photoacoustic resonator using HCF presents bring potential for advanced flexible PAS-based gas detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics)
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8 pages, 2856 KiB  
Communication
High Operating Temperature InAs/GaSb Superlattice Based Mid Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors Grown by MOCVD
by He Zhu, Jiafeng Liu, Hong Zhu, Yunlong Huai, Meng Li, Zhen Liu and Yong Huang
Photonics 2021, 8(12), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120564 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
High operating temperature mid-wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared photodetectors with a single heterojunction structure grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition are reported. By inserting a fully-depleted wider-gap barrier layer between the absorber and the p-contact, “diffusion-limited” behavior has been achieved for the heterojunction “PNn” [...] Read more.
High operating temperature mid-wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared photodetectors with a single heterojunction structure grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition are reported. By inserting a fully-depleted wider-gap barrier layer between the absorber and the p-contact, “diffusion-limited” behavior has been achieved for the heterojunction “PNn” device, in contrast to the conventional pin homojunction device. The PNn device with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.5 μm exhibited a dark current of 2.05 × 10−4 A/cm2 and a peak specific detectivity of 1.28 × 1011 cm·Hz·W1 at 150 K and a reverse bias of −0.1 V. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-Infrared Integrated Photonics)
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