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Photonics
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Advances in Visual Optics
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Advances in Visual Optics

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 January 2026) | Viewed by 6615

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongji Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electrical Information and Optical Egineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300050, China
Interests: visual optics; myopia control; refractive surgery; wavefront aberrations; ophthalmic lens design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dimitrios Christaras

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Guest Editor
Diestia Systems, 10441 Athens, Greece
Interests: physiological optics; intraocular scattering; straylight; retinal imaging; visual optics; adaptive optics; aberrometry; macular pigment; colour vision

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past decade, the field of visual optics has experienced remarkable advancements. With an increasing emphasis on controlling myopia onset and progression, innovative optical modalities for myopia management have emerged. Refractive surgery, an effective method for myopia correction, has also progressed significantly, particularly with the widespread use of femtosecond technology in corneal refractive procedures. Additionally, novel intraocular lens (IOL) designs for cataract surgery continue to emerge. Significant strides have been made in ocular imaging technologies, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and adaptive optics, which have greatly improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. Advances in ophthalmic biomechanics have enhanced our understanding of the mechanical properties of the eye, which is crucial for developing effective treatments for conditions like keratoconus. Moreover, the integration of big data and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology is showcasing immense potential for furthering the field.

This Special Issue of Photonics on “Advances in Vision Optics” will focus on, but is not limited to, new optical designs for ophthalmic lenses, refractive and cataract surgeries, myopia control, biomechanics, and the application of big data, machine learning, and deep learning in ophthalmology. We invite submissions that span visual optics, physiological optics, ophthalmology, and ocular imaging, including theoretical, experimental, and clinical studies.

Dr. Yongji Liu
Dr. Dimitrios Christaras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • visual optics
  • myopia control
  • refractive and cataract surgery
  • intraocular lens
  • optics of the eye
  • eye model
  • wavefront aberration
  • new technologies in visual optics
  • applications of artificial intelligence in visual optics
  • lens and ocular biomedics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3511 KB  
Article
Comparison of Imaging Properties of Bangerter Foils and Myopia Control Spectacle Lens
by Susanna Pearline Clement, Augusto Arias and Siegfried Wahl
Photonics 2026, 13(3), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13030250 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 522
Abstract
To evaluate whether Bangerter foils (BFs) could serve as a low-cost myopia control intervention, we measured and compared the imaging properties of fifteen BFs from two manufacturers, four myopia control spectacles, and a single-vision lens. Image quality metrics related to light-signaling theories of [...] Read more.
To evaluate whether Bangerter foils (BFs) could serve as a low-cost myopia control intervention, we measured and compared the imaging properties of fifteen BFs from two manufacturers, four myopia control spectacles, and a single-vision lens. Image quality metrics related to light-signaling theories of myopia onset and progression were evaluated in three tests: i. the assessment of the focusing properties through the maximum of the point spread function (MaxPSF), modulation transfer function (MTF), and area under the MTF (AUMTF); ii. the quantification of the scattered light (s) using the optical integration method; and iii. the calculation of the Michelson contrast (MiC) on a binary grating imaged under dark and bright illumination. BFs exhibited lower MaxPSF, AUMTF, and MTF values than the myopia control lenses. Except for one 0.6-graded BF, none of the other BFs mimicked the scattering behavior of the diffusion optics technology lenses. Moreover, BFs showed lower MiC values than with myopia control lenses under both lighting conditions. Although the BFs did not replicate the imaging properties of myopia control lenses, they still demonstrated effective contrast reduction across the lighting conditions. Whether they may help to slow myopia progression remains uncertain, perhaps even unlikely, given the fundamental imaging differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Visual Optics)
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15 pages, 3647 KB  
Article
3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients
by Daniel Aguirre-Aguirre, Itzel Muñoz-Juárez, Martin Isaías Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Brenda Villalobos-Mendoza, Ruth Eva Hernández-Carbajal, Rufino Díaz-Uribe and Rafael Izazaga-Pérez
Photonics 2025, 12(8), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12080815 - 15 Aug 2025
Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Low vision is a condition in which a person experiences a significant loss of visual acuity or visual field that ordinary glasses, surgery, or medication cannot correct. Individuals suffering from this condition struggle to perform daily tasks, even when using glasses or contact [...] Read more.
Low vision is a condition in which a person experiences a significant loss of visual acuity or visual field that ordinary glasses, surgery, or medication cannot correct. Individuals suffering from this condition struggle to perform daily tasks, even when using glasses or contact lenses. In some cases, telescopes are recommended for patients with low vision diagnosis because they could help them improve their quality of life. Therefore, we propose a 3D-printed Galilean telescope for low-vision patients, accessible to both the vulnerable and nonvulnerable sectors of the population, with the advantages that the fabrication time, cost, and weight are considerably reduced. The performance of the 3D-printed Galilean telescope was evaluated by comparing it to an identical N-BK7 glass Galilean telescope design, obtaining a difference of 0.49 lp/mm in optical resolution. Clinical results from a patient with low vision, obtained as part of a proof-of-concept study, showed that the 3D-printed Galilean telescope improved the patient’s visual acuity, increasing it by up to 4 lines on the LEA numbers, from 10/80 to 10/32. Additionally, the 3D telescope enhanced the patient’s contrast sensitivity, improving it from 6 cpd (cycles per degree) level 8 to 18 cpd level 4. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Visual Optics)
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10 pages, 7201 KB  
Article
Array-Patterned Micro-Structures in Spectacle Lenses Designed for Myopia Control via Image Blur
by Huilv Jiang, Zengwei Zhao, Quan Yuan, Yiqian Li, Ke Ma, Yaoyao Fu, Jiaojie Chen, Jun Jiang and Yiyu Li
Photonics 2025, 12(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020110 - 26 Jan 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3037
Abstract
Using micro-structure components in spectacle lenses has enabled myopia progression control in children and teenagers. However, the optical design of these spectacle lenses has never been discussed, leading to a lack of correct understanding of the underlying optical treatment principles. In this work, [...] Read more.
Using micro-structure components in spectacle lenses has enabled myopia progression control in children and teenagers. However, the optical design of these spectacle lenses has never been discussed, leading to a lack of correct understanding of the underlying optical treatment principles. In this work, array-patterned hexagonal lenslets with two powers of opposite signs were proposed to construct a lenslet array-integrated (LARI) spectacle lens developed for an ongoing, randomized, controlled clinical trial and to support the optical approach to myopia control leveraging retinal image blur. We found that the phase modulation induced by the micro-structures of the lenslet array contributes to the increase in RMS wavefront aberrations, leading to image blur, further inspiring the novel array-patterned micro-structure design with high-order phase elements (HOPEs). The optical performance of both LARI and HOPE spectacle lenses was investigated by simulation and experiment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Visual Optics)
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