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Pharmaceuticals
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Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT
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Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiopharmaceutical Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 17138

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Olivier Gheysens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nuclear medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
Interests: infection/inflammation imaging; vasculitis; sarcoidosis; post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD)
Dr. Hein J. Verberne

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: sympathetic innervation imaging; device allocation optimalisation; (atherosclerotic) inflammation and calcification imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular molecular imaging allows us to better understand the integrative biology and pathophysiology of diseases. It has become an essential part of daily clinical routine for both diagnosis and therapy monitoring; for example, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is an integral part of the management of patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease. Moreover, molecular imaging techniques are a valuable tool for both fundamental and translational research; for example, to develop and evaluate targeted probes in preclinical models aiming at resolving longstanding questions in cardiovascular diseases. Molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field and will further gain importance in an era that is shifting towards precision or personalized medicine. The advancements in the field are not limited to technical advances in computing and instrumentation but also include the use of established radiotracers for novel indications (e.g. 99mTc-labeled bone seeking agents for cardiac amyloidosis) as well as the development of perfusion radiotracers and targeted radiopharmaceuticals. Because of the tracer principle, these targeted probes have a high sensitivity and specificity for the target and allow to quantify the expression of a target or receptor occupancy and its changes during therapy.

With this Special Issue, we would like to illustrate the variety of radiopharmaceuticals available and their current applications in the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. In addition, we want to highlight the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals that is continuously fuelled by the search for non-invasive diagnostic tools to advance patient care.

We cordially invite you to participate in this Special Issue, ‘Molecular Imaging for Cardiology : Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT’ with an original research article or review article.

Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Radionuclide imaging of cardiac amyloidosis;
  • Radionuclide imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis;
  • Molecular imaging of infective endocarditis;
  • Innervation imaging in patients with chronic heart failure or ventricular/atrial arrhythmias;
  • Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis;
  • Molecular imaging of aortic valve disease;
  • Myocardial perfusion imaging;
  • Radionuclide metabolic imaging;
  • Imaging post-infarct remodelling;
  • Detection and monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity;
  • Preclinical evaluation of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

Dr. Olivier Gheysens
Dr. Hein J. Verberne
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular imaging
  • positron emission tomography
  • PET-CT
  • SPECT
  • radiopharmaceuticals
  • cardiovascular imaging

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

9 pages, 258 KiB  
Review
Molecular Imaging of Aortic Valve Stenosis with Positron Emission Tomography
by Reindert F. Oostveen, Yannick Kaiser, Erik S.G. Stroes and Hein J. Verberne
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(7), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15070812 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is an increasingly prevalent disease in our aging population. Although multiple risk factors for AVS have been elucidated, medical therapies capable of slowing down disease progression remain unavailable. Molecular imaging technologies are opening up avenues for the non-invasive assessment [...] Read more.
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is an increasingly prevalent disease in our aging population. Although multiple risk factors for AVS have been elucidated, medical therapies capable of slowing down disease progression remain unavailable. Molecular imaging technologies are opening up avenues for the non-invasive assessment of disease progression, allowing the assessment of (early) medical interventions. This review will focus on the role of positron emission tomography of the aortic valve with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-sodium fluoride but will also shed light on novel tracers which have potential in AVS, ranging from the healthy aortic valve to end-stage valvular disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 2939 KiB  
Review
Cardiac 123I-mIBG Imaging in Heart Failure
by Derk O. Verschure, Kenichi Nakajima and Hein J. Verberne
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(6), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15060656 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3503
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic upregulation is one of the neurohormonal compensation mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). In the past decades, cardiac 123I-mIBG scintigraphy has been established as a feasible technique to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Cardiac sympathetic upregulation is one of the neurohormonal compensation mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). In the past decades, cardiac 123I-mIBG scintigraphy has been established as a feasible technique to evaluate the global and regional cardiac sympathetic innervation. Although cardiac 123I-mIBG imaging has been studied in many cardiac and neurological diseases, it has extensively been studied in ischemic and non-ischemic CHF. Therefore, this review will focus on the role of 123I-mIBG imaging in CHF. This non-invasive, widely available technique has been established to evaluate the prognosis in CHF. Standardization, especially among various combinations of gamma camera and collimator, is important for identifying appropriate thresholds for adequate risk stratification. Interestingly, in contrast to the linear relationship between 123I-mIBG-derived parameters and overall prognosis, there seems to be a “bell-shape” curve for 123I-mIBG-derived parameters in relation to ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with ischemic CHF. In addition, there is a potential clinical role for cardiac 123I-mIBG imaging in optimizing patient selection for implantation of expensive devices such as ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Based on cardiac 123I-mIBG data risk models and machine learning, models have been developed for appropriate risk assessment in CHF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT)
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Graphical abstract

14 pages, 1723 KiB  
Review
Nuclear Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction
by Zohreh Varasteh, Wolfgang A. Weber and Christoph Rischpler
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15020183 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
The role of molecular imaging technologies in detecting, evaluating, and monitoring cardiovascular disease and their treatment is expanding rapidly. Gradually replacing the conventional anatomical or physiological approaches, molecular imaging strategies using biologically targeted markers provide unique insight into pathobiological processes at molecular and [...] Read more.
The role of molecular imaging technologies in detecting, evaluating, and monitoring cardiovascular disease and their treatment is expanding rapidly. Gradually replacing the conventional anatomical or physiological approaches, molecular imaging strategies using biologically targeted markers provide unique insight into pathobiological processes at molecular and cellular levels and allow for cardiovascular disease evaluation and individualized therapy. This review paper will discuss currently available and developing molecular-based single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging strategies to evaluate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. These approaches include potential targeted methods of evaluating critical biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and scar formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT)
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Figure 1

27 pages, 3665 KiB  
Review
Nuclear Imaging in Infective Endocarditis
by Nidaa Mikail and Fabien Hyafil
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15010014 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5161
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease with stable prevalence despite prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances. In parallel to the growing number of cardiac devices implanted, the number of patients developing IE on prosthetic valves and cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) is increasing [...] Read more.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease with stable prevalence despite prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances. In parallel to the growing number of cardiac devices implanted, the number of patients developing IE on prosthetic valves and cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) is increasing at a rapid pace. The diagnosis of IE is particularly challenging, and currently relies on the Duke-Li modified classification, which include clinical, microbiological, and imaging criteria. While echocardiography remains the first line imaging technique, especially in native valve endocarditis, the incremental value of two nuclear imaging techniques, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and white blood cells single photon emission tomography with computed tomography (WBC-SPECT), has emerged for the management of prosthetic valve and CIED IE. In this review, we will summarize the procedures for image acquisition, discuss the role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and WBC-SPECT imaging in different clinical situations of IE, and review the respective diagnostic performance of these nuclear imaging techniques and their integration into the diagnostic algorithm for patients with a suspicion of IE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 1632 KiB  
Review
PET Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review with Focus on Novel PET Tracers
by Petar Saric, Kathleen A. Young, Martin Rodriguez-Porcel and Panithaya Chareonthaitawee
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(12), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121286 - 9 Dec 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3609
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammation and noncaseating granulomas that can involve nearly every organ system, with a predilection for the pulmonary system. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis (CS) occurs in up to 70% of cases, and accounts [...] Read more.
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammation and noncaseating granulomas that can involve nearly every organ system, with a predilection for the pulmonary system. Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis (CS) occurs in up to 70% of cases, and accounts for a significant share of sarcoid-related mortality. The clinical presentation of CS can range from absence of symptoms to conduction abnormalities, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, and sudden cardiac death. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with CS, timely diagnosis is important. Traditional imaging modalities and histologic evaluation by endomyocardial biopsy often provide a low diagnostic yield. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a leading advanced imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of CS. This review article will summarize several aspects of the current use of PET in CS, including indications for use, patient preparation, image acquisition and interpretation, diagnostic and prognostic performance, and evaluation of treatment response. Additionally, this review will discuss novel PET radiotracers currently under study or of potential interest in CS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Imaging for Cardiology: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT)
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