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Pathogens
Special Issues
Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Solutions
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Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Solutions

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1082

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Juan Manuel Bello-López

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Guest Editor
División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
Interests: acinetobacter baumannii; ESKAPE bacteria; antimicrobial resistance; hospital outbreaks; nosocomial infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz

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Guest Editor
División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
Interests: antimicrobial resistance mechanisms; antimicrobial resistance test; ESKAPE high-risk sequence type; epidemiology; ESKAPE bacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are critical global health challenges, with vulnerable patients at increased risk of life-threatening complications. This Special Issue, entitled “Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Solutions”, aims to address the urgent need for innovative approaches to combat these threats with a particular emphasis on pathogens belonging to the ESKAPE acronym, which have been a cause of concern for the WHO due to their elevated antimicrobial resistance.

For this Special Issue, we invite colleagues to submit original research papers and systematic and comprehensive reviews that explore novel strategies, epidemiological insights, and technological advances to mitigate the impact of HAIs and AMR. Of particular interest are studies that leverage genetic and molecular tools to identify multidrug-resistant organisms, identify and contain nosocomial outbreaks, and evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship programs, among others. We also encourage the submission of papers focused on the development and implementation of rapid diagnostic technologies, the application of health risk assessment models, and the integration of genomic data into clinical and public health decision-making.

By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, this Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of HAIs and AMR and provide viable solutions to improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

Dr. Juan Manuel Bello-López
Dr. Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
Guest Editors

Clemente Cruz-Cruz
Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
Guest Editors Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nosocomial infections
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • molecular epidemiology
  • genomic surveillance
  • ESKAPE bacteria

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 3425 KiB  
Article
Microbiological Risks to Health Associated with the Release of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and β-Lactam Antibiotics Through Hospital Wastewater
by Andres E. Nolasco-Rojas, Eder Cruz-Del-Agua, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz, Benjamín A. Ayil-Gutiérrez, María C. Tamayo-Ordóñez, Yahaira de J. Tamayo-Ordoñez, Araceli Rojas-Bernabé, Francisco A. Tamayo-Ordoñez, Emilio M. Durán-Manuel, Marianela Paredes-Mendoza, Laura M. Márquez-Valdelamar, Carlos A. Jiménez-Zamarripa, Esther Ocharan-Hernández, Paola B. Zárate-Segura, Omar García-Hernández, Oscar Sosa-Hernández, Enzo Vásquez-Jiménez, Claudia C. Calzada-Mendoza and Juan M. Bello-López
Pathogens 2025, 14(5), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050402 - 23 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) is a major source of microbiological contamination, often released into the municipal sewage system without prior treatment. This HWW may contain pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, posing risks to public health. The aim of this work was to assess the risks [...] Read more.
Hospital wastewater (HWW) is a major source of microbiological contamination, often released into the municipal sewage system without prior treatment. This HWW may contain pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, posing risks to public health. The aim of this work was to assess the risks associated with the seasonal release of ESKAPE bacteria resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and the release of carbapenems and cephalosporins through HWW of Hospital Juárez de México. The 12-month seasonal variation in β-lactam-resistant bacterial populations was assessed in the HWW of five discharge points. Resistant isolates were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) coupled with PCR assays to search for antimicrobial resistance genes, while β-lactamic antibiotics were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, a double-entry Vester matrix was constructed to classify the problems of HWW according to their degree of causality. Seasonal differences in bacterial loads were observed, with higher levels in warmer months. A wide variety of resistant pathogens were identified, including ESKAPE bacteria, as well as emerging bacteria carrying β-lactamase-encoding genes. The release of meropenem was detected most commonly, followed by cefepime and ceftazidime. The Vester matrix allowed the identification of critical clinical and environmental scenarios where two discharge points contribute significantly to the spread of microbiological contamination. This study highlights the importance of proper management of HWW and the need for stricter regulations to reduce the risks associated with the release of resistant pathogens with health impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Solutions)
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10 pages, 1147 KiB  
Brief Report
Molecular Differentiation and Detection of AMR Genes from Nosocomial Staphylococcus spp.
by Isabelle Carneiro, Wellington Luiz Pontes da Silva, Debora Ribeiro de Souza Santos and Ivano de Filippis
Pathogens 2025, 14(5), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050403 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 281
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. is a major nosocomial pathogen, particularly affecting immunocompromised patients and infants. It is associated with bacteremia, endocarditis, and co-infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) carry the mecA gene, encoding PBP2a, which confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study is to [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus spp. is a major nosocomial pathogen, particularly affecting immunocompromised patients and infants. It is associated with bacteremia, endocarditis, and co-infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) carry the mecA gene, encoding PBP2a, which confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study is to investigate resistance profiles and develop a molecular method to identify nosocomial Staphylococcus spp. strains. A total of 64 strains from public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro were analyzed using phenotypic and molecular methods, with 17 classified as MDR. Different melting temperatures (Tm) were obtained through qPCR-HRM analysis, to identify S. aureus- (70.4 °C), S. haemolyticus- (79 °C), S. epidermidis- (74.1 °C) and mecA (70.5 °C)-positive strains (MRS). The mecA gene was detected in 51 strains, with 22 showing SCCmec type IV. The spread of MRSA and MDR Staphylococci, particularly MDR S. haemolyticus, is a growing concern. In our study, among 64 Staphylococci strains, only 11 were susceptible to methicillin, showing the continuous emergence of resistant strains. qPCR-HRM is a cost-effective, sensitive and fast method for rapid Staphylococcus spp. identification, aiding in nosocomial infection control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Solutions)
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