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Pathogens
Special Issues
Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture
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Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2023) | Viewed by 8829

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jaime Figueroa V.

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción 4070386, Chile
2. Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
Interests: genomics of Piscirickettsia salmonis; fish molecular immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to gather the current state of knowledge on the main bacterial pathogens that affect aquaculture worldwide. In the middle of the 21st century, extractive fishing will be in sharp decline due to the depletion of species in volume and number. Therefore, the market needs for aquaculture species as a food source come from mass cultivation in its various forms (fish, crustaceans, algae, etc.).

The global aquaculture industry has been affected by various known, but not widely studied, bacterial pathogens that cause recurrent infections over time in various aquaculture species. However, new diseases could also be introduced through unknown etiological agents that exist asymptomatically in native fish species.

For this Special Issue to form a coherent collection of articles, we aim to bring together research articles, communications, and review articles.

Prof. Dr. Jaime Figueroa V.
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacterial pathogens
  • outbreaks of harmful pathogens

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 1166 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Risk Evaluation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Farmed Grey Mullets in Singapore
by Hong Ming Glendon Ong, Yang Zhong, Cheng Cheng Hu, Kar Hui Ong, Wei Ching Khor, Joergen Schlundt and Kyaw Thu Aung
Pathogens 2023, 12(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010093 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2141
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative pathogen for gastroenteritis involving the consumption of undercooked or raw seafood. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the quantitative detection of this pathogen in finfish, while no study reported the enumeration of haemolytic antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) V. [...] Read more.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative pathogen for gastroenteritis involving the consumption of undercooked or raw seafood. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the quantitative detection of this pathogen in finfish, while no study reported the enumeration of haemolytic antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, ampicillin-, penicillin G- and tetracycline-resistant and non-AMR haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus isolates were monitored and quantified in grey mullet samples reared locally from different premises within the food chain (farm and retail). Occurrence data for haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus were 13/45 (29%) in farm fish samples, 2/6 (one third) from farm water samples and 27/45 (60%) from retail fish samples. Microbial loads for haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus microbial loads ranged from 1.9 to 4.1 Log CFU/g in fish samples and 2.0 to 3.0 Log CFU/g in farm water samples. AMR risk assessments (ARRAs) for both the full farm-to-home and partial retail-to-home chains in the risk modelling framework were conducted, specifically for ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracycline and haemolytic (non-AMR) scenarios. The haemolytic ARRA predicted an average probability of illness of 2.9 × 10−4 and 4.5 × 10−5 per serving for the farm-to-home and retail-to-home chains, respectively, translating to 57 and 148 cases annually. The ratios of the average probability of illness per year for the three ARRAs to the haemolytic ARRA were 1.1 × 10−2 and 3.0 × 10−4 (ampicillin and penicillin G, respectively) for the farm-to-home chain and 1.3, 1.6 and 0.4 (ampicillin, penicillin G and tetracycline, respectively) for the retail-to-home chain. Sensitivity analysis showed that the initial concentrations of haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus in the gills and intestines of the fish and the cooking and washing of the fish cavity were the major variables influencing risk outputs in all modelled ARRAs. The findings of this study are useful for relevant stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding risk management to improve overall food safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture)
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9 pages, 1216 KiB  
Article
Controlled Recirculating Wet Storage Purging V. parahaemolyticus in Oysters
by Ruojun Mu, Chengchu Liu, Salina Parveen, Donald Webster and Jie Pang
Pathogens 2022, 11(5), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050553 - 7 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
This work explored the effects of salinity and temperature on the efficacy of purging V. parahaemolyticus from eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Oysters were inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus to levels of 104 to 105 MPN (most [...] Read more.
This work explored the effects of salinity and temperature on the efficacy of purging V. parahaemolyticus from eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Oysters were inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus to levels of 104 to 105 MPN (most probable number)/g and depurated in a controlled re-circulating wet-storage system with artificial seawater (ASW). Both salinity and temperature remarkably affected the efficacy for the depuration of V. parahaemolyticus from oysters during wet-storage. The wet-storage process at salinity 20 ppt at 7.5 °C or 10 °C could achieve a larger than 3 log (MPN/g) reduction of Vibrio at Day 7, which meets the FDA’s requirement as a post-harvest process for V. parahaemolyticus control. At the conditions of 10 °C and 20 ppt, a pre-chilled system could achieve a 3.54 log (MPN/g) reduction of Vibrio in oysters on Day 7. There was no significant difference in the shelf life between inoculated and untreated oysters before the depuration, with a same survival rate (stored in a 4 °C cooler for 15 days) of 93%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture)
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8 pages, 1586 KiB  
Communication
Expansion of the Beta-Proteobacterial Genus Ca. Ichthyocystis: A Case Report of Epitheliocystis in the Pompano Trachinotus ovatus
by Maria Chiara Cascarano and Pantelis Katharios
Pathogens 2022, 11(4), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040421 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
Epitheliocystis is a disease caused by a wide variety of host-specific intracellular bacteria infecting fish gills. In the Mediterranean Sea, epitheliocystis has been recently associated with a novel genus of beta-proteobacteria, the Ca. Ichthyocystis genus. In the present study, we report a [...] Read more.
Epitheliocystis is a disease caused by a wide variety of host-specific intracellular bacteria infecting fish gills. In the Mediterranean Sea, epitheliocystis has been recently associated with a novel genus of beta-proteobacteria, the Ca. Ichthyocystis genus. In the present study, we report a case of epitheliocystis in a wild-caught specimen of pompano Trachinotus ovatus in Crete, Greece. Molecular analysis of partial 16s rRNA sequence led to the discovery of a putative novel species of the Ca. Ichthyocystis genus. Investigation of the phylogenetic relationship between closely related sequences deposited in NCBI suggests that bacterial ancestors in gilthead seabream might have a pivotal role in the differentiation of genus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture)
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17 pages, 4652 KiB  
Article
Immune Response and Apoptosis-Related Pathways Induced by Aeromonas schubertii Infection of Hybrid Snakehead (Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂)
by Chun Liu, Jie Ma, Defeng Zhang, Wei Li, Biao Jiang, Zhendong Qin, Youlu Su, Li Lin and Qing Wang
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080997 - 7 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2672
Abstract
Aeromonas schubertii is the etiological pathogen of internal organ nodules in snakehead fish. Infections with A. schubertii produce a significant economic loss in aquaculture. Therefore, it is important to examine the immune mechanisms by which snakeheads defend against A. schubertii infection. In this [...] Read more.
Aeromonas schubertii is the etiological pathogen of internal organ nodules in snakehead fish. Infections with A. schubertii produce a significant economic loss in aquaculture. Therefore, it is important to examine the immune mechanisms by which snakeheads defend against A. schubertii infection. In this study, we established a hybrid snakehead infection model by intraperitoneal injection of A. schubertii that produced internal organ nodules. The splenic immune response of infected fish was examined at the transcriptome level by Illumina-seq analysis. Results showed 14,796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following A. schubertii infection, including 4441 up-regulated unigenes and 10,355 down-regulated unigenes. KEGG analysis showed 2084 DEGs to be involved in 192 pathways, 14 of which were immune-related. Twelve DEGs were used to validate quantitative real-time PCR results with RNA-seq data. Time-course expression analysis of six genes demonstrated modulation of the snakehead immune response by A. schubertii. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified a substantial number of DEGs that were involved in the apoptosis signaling pathway. TUNEL analysis of infected spleens confirmed the presence of apoptotic cells. This study provided new information for a further understanding of the pathogenesis of A. schubertii in snakeheads, which can be used to prevent and possibly treat A. schubertii infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relevant and Recurring Bacterial Pathogens in Aquaculture)
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