Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interactions

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitic Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 1676

Special Issue Editor

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Guest Editor
Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: immunology and diagnosis of human parasitic diseases; human infectious disease epidemiology; SDS-PAGE; western blotting; imnnunohistochemistry; biotechnology; PCR; gelatin zymography
* Retired
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global Burden of Disease studies have highlighted that parasitic infections are among the main causes for disabilities worldwide; for example, intestinal helminths account for billions of infections at a global level, with an important impact in terms of mortality and disability-adjusted life years.

To control parasite infections, the host immune response to these infectious agents must be understood and how exactly this response protects the host from parasites and/or their pathological consequences must be determined.

The comprehension of such mechanisms at a molecular level may be an extraordinary help in such a formidable task.

The focus of this Special Issue is as follows, with special emphasis on parasitic neglected tropical diseases:

  • Molecules involved in the immune response to parasites (cytokines, chemokines, miRNA, etc.);
  • Molecules involved in immune response escape by parasites and immunomodulation;
  • Molecules in putative vaccines;
  • Molecules that are potentially useful in new diagnostic tools.

Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Bruschi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immune response molecules
  • escape mechanisms
  • immunomodulation
  • vaccines
  • diagnostic tools

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5267 KB  
Article
Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiota of Patients with Urticaria and Healthy Controls: The Role of Blastocystis
by Nurullah Ciftci, Salih Macin, Gülcan Saylam Kurtipek and Uğur Arslan
Pathogens 2025, 14(11), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111140 - 11 Nov 2025
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Urticaria is a skin disorder characterized by erythematous, edematous, and pruritic lesions. Intestinal microorganisms can trigger various immunological responses, and Blastocystis has been suggested to affect gut-associated lymphoid tissue homeostasis and induce allergic reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Blastocystis [...] Read more.
Urticaria is a skin disorder characterized by erythematous, edematous, and pruritic lesions. Intestinal microorganisms can trigger various immunological responses, and Blastocystis has been suggested to affect gut-associated lymphoid tissue homeostasis and induce allergic reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Blastocystis on the intestinal microbiota in patients with urticaria. A total of 33 patients diagnosed with urticaria and 34 healthy controls were included. Independent sample t-tests, Welch’s t-tests, or Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to assess differences in the Shannon, Simpson, and Chao-1 indices between groups. Significant differences were observed in Proteobacteria (p = 0.015), Bacteroidetes (p = 0.008), Escherichia (p = 0.005), Phocaelcola (p = 0.043), and Prevotella (p = 0.047) between the urticaria and control groups. Bacteroidetes (p = 0.003) and Phocaelcola (p = 0.032) also differed significantly between samples with and without Blastocystis. Overall microbiota composition showed a significant difference between Blastocystis-positive and -negative samples (p = 0.009). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 4.1 in healthy controls and 6.4 in urticaria patients. In conclusion, both urticaria and Blastocystis infection significantly influence intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting a potential interaction between Blastocystis colonization and host immune regulation in urticaria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interactions)
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14 pages, 1033 KB  
Article
The Role of Anisakis sp. in α-Gal Sensitization: Implications for Parasitic-Induced Meat Allergy
by Marta Rodero, Sara Romero, Ángela Valcárcel, Juan González-Fernández, A. Sonia Olmeda, Félix Valcárcel, Alvaro Daschner and Carmen Cuéllar
Pathogens 2025, 14(8), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080789 - 7 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the potential of Anisakis sp. as a novel source of α-Gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) epitopes capable of inducing allergic sensitization in humans. While α-Gal is classically associated with delayed IgE-mediated hypersensitivity following tick bites, emerging evidence suggests that parasitic helminths such [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the potential of Anisakis sp. as a novel source of α-Gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) epitopes capable of inducing allergic sensitization in humans. While α-Gal is classically associated with delayed IgE-mediated hypersensitivity following tick bites, emerging evidence suggests that parasitic helminths such as Anisakis sp. may also express α-Gal-containing glycoconjugates, offering an alternative sensitization pathway. Methods: Protein extracts from Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae and mammalian tissues (beef, pork) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using a monoclonal anti-α-Gal antibody (clone M86), and α-Gal epitopes were detected by ELISA. Sera from urticaria patients, stratified by Anisakis sp. sensitization status, were evaluated for anti-α-Gal IgG, IgE, and IgG4 antibodies. Inhibition assays assessed cross-reactivity. Results: Results confirmed the presence of α-Gal epitopes on Anisakis sp. proteins, with prominent bands at ~250 kDa and 65 kDa. Urticaria patients sensitized to Anisakis sp. exhibited significantly elevated anti-α-Gal antibody levels compared to controls. Inhibition ELISA demonstrated substantial reduction in antibody binding with Anisakis sp. extracts, indicating shared antigenic determinants with mammalian α-Gal. Conclusions: These findings establish Anisakis sp. as a source of α-Gal-containing glycoproteins capable of eliciting specific antibody responses in humans, highlighting a potential parasitic route for α-Gal sensitization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interactions)
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