Structural Biology Applied in the Study of Pathogenic Bacteria

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 3434

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
Interests: secretion systems; effectors; virulence factors

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
Interests: bioinformatic; evolution; comparative genomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in structural biology techniques have revolutionized research in the field. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has enabled the determination of high-resolution structures of proteins and large protein complexes, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TM) allows for the determination of the detailed structure of large complexes in the cell. Such techniques extend and are complemented by classical methods, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Additionally, high-accuracy AI-based protein 3D structure prediction methods, such as Alphafold, add further momentum to the field by providing excellent theoretical models that help structure resolution and allow for the better interpretation and planning of biochemical experiments.

These breakthroughs have significantly advanced our understanding of bacterial functioning, revealing intricate mechanisms of cell–cell communication and novel details of interactions between host cells and other microorganisms. Integrating 3D structure prediction tools with bioinformatics provides valuable insights into the evolution and functional significance of biological systems.

In keeping with the fast pace of the latest advances in structural and computational biology and its applications to bacterial cell biology, Pathogens is organizing this Special Issue, titled "Structural Biology Applied in the Study of Pathogenic Bacteria". We invite the submission of original research and review papers on the innovative aspects of pathogenicity mechanisms, quorum-sensing, bacterial competition, the structure and function of secretory systems, mechanisms of effectors and immunity proteins, as well as other topics that may shed new light on processes critical for pathogen–host interactions and bacterial competition, with a focus on medically or agriculturally relevant bacteria. 

In summary, this Special Issue will explore the profound implications of the latest advancements in structural biology to the understanding of bacterial interactions and pathogenesis, and we invite all esteemed researchers to contribute to help unlock these mechanisms and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against infectious diseases.

Dr. Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo
Dr. Robson Francisco de Souza
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • zoonoses
  • pathogens
  • outer membrane vesicle
  • bacterial secretion systems
  • quorum sensing
  • bacterial competition
  • effectors
  • virulence factors
  • molecular evolution
  • bioinformatics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3859 KiB  
Article
Cryo-Electron Microscopy of BfpB Reveals a Type IVb Secretin Multimer Adapted to Accommodate the Exceptionally Wide Bundle-Forming Pilus
by Janay I. Little, Pradip Kumar Singh, Montserrat Samsó and Michael S. Donnenberg
Pathogens 2025, 14(5), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050471 - 13 May 2025
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Abstract
Type IV pili (T4Ps) are multifunctional surface fibers essential for bacterial motility, adhesion, and virulence, found across Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea. Detailed descriptions of T4P structural biology are allowing progress in understanding T4P biogenesis. Secretins, large outer membrane channels, are crucial [...] Read more.
Type IV pili (T4Ps) are multifunctional surface fibers essential for bacterial motility, adhesion, and virulence, found across Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea. Detailed descriptions of T4P structural biology are allowing progress in understanding T4P biogenesis. Secretins, large outer membrane channels, are crucial for T4P extrusion in Gram-negative bacteria. Using cryo-EM and AlphaFold, we modeled the structure of BfpB, the secretin of the Bundle-Forming Pilus (BFP) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. BfpB exhibits a unique 17-fold symmetry, correlating with the thicker BFP filaments, and diverging from the 12–15 subunits typical of T4P, type 2 secretion (T2S), and type 3 secretion (T3S) systems. Additionally, we identified an extended β-hairpin loop in the N3 domain, resembling features of distantly related T3SS secretins, and an N-terminal helix where a C-terminal S-domain is seen in some T2S and T3S secretins. These findings reveal evolutionary parallels and structural adaptations in secretins, highlighting the link between oligomerization and pilus structure. This work advances our understanding of T4P biogenesis, secretin evolution, and bacterial secretion systems, offering insights into pathogenic diversity and future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Biology Applied in the Study of Pathogenic Bacteria)
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Review

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62 pages, 3177 KiB  
Review
Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammation and Pain: Update on Pathologic Mechanisms
by Fernanda S. Rasquel-Oliveira, Jhonatan Macedo Ribeiro, Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli, Fernanda Barbosa Costa, Gerson Nakazato, Rubia Casagrande and Waldiceu A. Verri
Pathogens 2025, 14(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020185 - 12 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium of significant clinical importance, known for its versatility and ability to cause a wide array of infections, such as osteoarticular, pulmonary, cardiovascular, device-related, and hospital-acquired infections. This review describes the most recent evidence of [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium of significant clinical importance, known for its versatility and ability to cause a wide array of infections, such as osteoarticular, pulmonary, cardiovascular, device-related, and hospital-acquired infections. This review describes the most recent evidence of the pathogenic potential of S. aureus, which is commonly part of the human microbiota but can lead to severe infections. The prevalence of pathogenic S. aureus in hospital and community settings contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. The immunopathogenesis of S. aureus infections involves intricate interactions with the host immune and non-immune cells, characterized by various virulence factors that facilitate adherence, invasion, and evasion of the host’s defenses. This review highlights the complexity of S. aureus infections, ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions, and underscores the growing public health concern posed by multidrug-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This article aims to provide an updated perspective on S. aureus-related infections, highlighting the main diseases linked to this pathogen, how the different cell types, virulence factors, and signaling molecules are involved in the immunopathogenesis, and the future perspectives to overcome the current challenges to treat the affected individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Biology Applied in the Study of Pathogenic Bacteria)
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