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Pathogens
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Emerging Zoonoses
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Emerging Zoonoses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 December 2024) | Viewed by 4710

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alessio Lorusso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Virology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
Interests: diagnosis of viral infectious diseases via innovative molecular methods; coronaviruses; morbilliviruses; reverse genetics; swine influenza viruses; next generations sequencing; arbovirus; orbiviruses; West Nile virus; viral diagnostics; virus discovery; virus evolution; pathogenesis studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 9th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses follows eight equally successful conferences, each of which provided an interdisciplinary forum for physicians, veterinarians, epidemiologists, immunologists, virologists, microbiologists, public health experts, and others concerned with the ever-increasing problems associated with the transmission of infectious diseases from animals to humans and the economic impact of transboundary diseases.

Outbreaks of previously unknown or forgotten zoonotic pathogens mean that we all remain vulnerable, and they will continue to be of great concern as they cause problems for animal and human health. The impact of zoonotic pathogens has been felt profoundly around the entire world with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In the last year, a re-emerging pathogen, monkeypox virus, has infected thousands of people worldwide, and, very recently, a multi-state outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows has been reported in the US. There is no doubt that zoonotic pathogens will continue to pose significant challenges to global health security in the years to come. Our conference serves as a platform where we can all come together to better understand, address, discuss, and alleviate the risks associated with emerging zoonotic and transboundary disease threats.

While technological advances in diagnostics and improved surveillance have contributed to this rise in the detection of emerging infections, their surge in prevalence is also due to a combination of factors, such as expanded host ranges, alterations in the ecology of viral vectors and reservoirs, and changes in the dynamics of virus–host interactions. It is from this perspective that we invite you to contribute your most recent research findings/insights on this important topic.

Dr. Alessio Lorusso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging zoonoses
  • zoonotic pathogens
  • emerging infections
  • monkeypox

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 546 KiB  
Article
Serosurvey of Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia canis in Dogs from Shelters in Sicily (Southern Italy)
by Santina Di Bella, Delia Gambino, Davide Pepe, Antonino Gentile, Valeria Blanda, Antonio Valenti, Francesco Santangelo, Antonino Ballatore, Giuseppe Spina, Giuseppe Barbaccia, Vincenza Cannella, Giovanni Cassata and Annalisa Guercio
Pathogens 2024, 13(12), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13121119 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 791
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases represent a serious threat to human and animal health, especially where environmental conditions favor pathogen-carrying vectors. Dogs serve as natural hosts for two tick-borne pathogens: Ehrlichia canis, which causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, and spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp., a [...] Read more.
Vector-borne diseases represent a serious threat to human and animal health, especially where environmental conditions favor pathogen-carrying vectors. Dogs serve as natural hosts for two tick-borne pathogens: Ehrlichia canis, which causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, and spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp., a zoonotic threat in the Mediterranean region. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the primary vector for these pathogens. Shelter dogs, due to increased exposure to ticks and confined living conditions, facilitate the spread of vector-borne pathogens, raising the risk of zoonotic transmission. This study conducted a serological survey of 1287 dogs from two shelters, assessing exposure to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis and examining the influence of demographic and environmental factors. Seroprevalence rates were 41.8% for Rickettsia spp. and 24.5% for E. canis, with 14% of dogs positive for both pathogens. No significant association was found with sex or breed. A higher seroprevalence was observed in dogs older than 12 months and in those from the shelter on the Mediterranean coast compared to those from the Tyrrhenian coast, likely due to climatic differences. The study highlights the role of climate in disease spread and the need for public health interventions, supporting One Health initiatives to prevent zoonotic disease transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses)
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13 pages, 11381 KiB  
Article
Cats: The New Challenge for Rabies Control in the State of Yucatan, Mexico
by Aurea Mariana Salgado-Cardoso, José Ignacio Olave-Leyva, Ivonne Morales, Alvaro Aguilar-Setién, Irma López-Martínez and Nidia Aréchiga-Ceballos
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100907 - 16 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
The growing population in Yucatan has led to the expansion of construction in the Mayan jungle for tourist spaces, residential areas, and agriculture. Recently, rabies cases in cats (Felis catus) have increased in the state. This study aimed to perform antigenic [...] Read more.
The growing population in Yucatan has led to the expansion of construction in the Mayan jungle for tourist spaces, residential areas, and agriculture. Recently, rabies cases in cats (Felis catus) have increased in the state. This study aimed to perform antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies viruses in felines and to present the spatial distribution and environmental features of the areas where these cases were reported. The ArcGIS software and R were employed to generate maps depicting the geographic locations of rabies cases in cats. A total of nine feline rabies cases occurred during the period 2003–2022. Three antigenic variants were detected: dog-related RVV1 (n = 1); vampire bat variant RVV3 (n = 1); and the canine-originated atypical variant (n = 7). Cases reported in Merida (n = 4) and Muna (n = 4) were localized to urban areas, while Cuncunul (n = 1) was rural. This study highlights the concerning resurgence of rabies infections in cats, emphasizing the looming threat of its reintroduction in dogs should vaccination rates diminish. The genetic affinity between the atypical variant and the canine virus underscores the urgent need for vigilance in maintaining high vaccination coverage across all susceptible species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses)
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10 pages, 8510 KiB  
Case Report
First Detection of West Nile Virus by Nasopharyngeal Swab, Followed by Phylogenetic Analysis
by Carlo Zuddas, Sergio Piras, Stefano Cappai, Federica Loi, Giulia Murgia, Giantonella Puggioni, Giovanni Savini, Federica Monaco, Andrea Polci, Fabrizia Valleriani, Giorgia Amatori, Valentina Curini, Maurilia Marcacci, Germano Orrù, Antonio Ledda, Elena Poma, Riccardo Cappai and Ferdinando Coghe
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13111023 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
West Nile Virus, an arthropod-borne RNA virus, may result in severe neurological disease. West Nile neuroinvasive disease is characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, and possible acute flaccid paralysis. Here, we report a case of neuroinvasive WNV in a 65-year-old woman hospitalized for hyperpyrexia, chills, [...] Read more.
West Nile Virus, an arthropod-borne RNA virus, may result in severe neurological disease. West Nile neuroinvasive disease is characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, and possible acute flaccid paralysis. Here, we report a case of neuroinvasive WNV in a 65-year-old woman hospitalized for hyperpyrexia, chills, intense asthenia, and continuous vomiting. Within days, her clinical condition worsened with the onset of severe neurological symptoms, leading to her death within 10 days despite supportive therapies being administered. The diagnosis of West Nile disease was made through nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) on blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, in the final stages of the illness, cerebrospinal fluid collection was not possible due to the patient’s critical condition, and a nasopharyngeal swab was used instead. The nasopharyngeal swab facilitated the collection of a sample, which was subsequently analyzed for the presence of the virus and allowed for sequencing, showing that it was a strain that had been circulating in Sardinia for some time and had demonstrated its pathogenicity by causing the death of a hawk in 2021. This case report highlights the rapid progression and severity of WNV infection, particularly in vulnerable individuals, and suggests the potential utility of nasopharyngeal swabs as a less invasive option for sample collection. It also underscores the potential for the zoonotic transmission of the virus from birds to humans through vectors, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and controlling WNV outbreaks, especially in regions where such circulation is observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses)
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