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Nutrients
Special Issues
Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle
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Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 October 2024) | Viewed by 12721

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: nutrition; cardiometabolic health; mental health; exercise; nut consumption; time-restricted eating; inflammation; obesity; type 2 diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ana Torres-Costoso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nursing and Physiotherapy Faculty, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
Interests: body composition; physical activity; bone health, nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone and muscle tissues are crucial for overall well-being across one’s lifespan. Exercise, specifically resistance or high-impact exercise, has been positively related to bone health outcomes in different populations. There is a close relationship between nutrition, exercise and bone and muscle health that can impact overall quality of life. From a nutritional point of view, macro and micronutrients (i.e., vitamins and minerals) are closely related to bone and body composition. Moreover, by modifying the type or intensity of exercise as well as with different nutritional strategies, bone and muscle health can be significantly altered.

This Special Issue explores the relationship between nutrition, exercise and bone and muscle health, with the aim of determining and explaining the basis for dietary strategies, nutritional support or exercise that are related or may impact bone and muscle health in different types of populations. This Special Issue on Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise for Bone and Muscle Health invites submissions on topics including epidemiology, clinical trials, observations, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Submissions of new findings from current work on nutrition, dietary strategies and exercise that can provide insightful perspectives on bone and muscle health are welcome.

Dr. Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
Dr. Ana Torres-Costoso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • exercise
  • body composition
  • bone
  • muscle
  • lifestyle
  • dietary patterns
  • dietary strategies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1351 KiB  
Article
Movement Behaviors and Bone Biomarkers in Young Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the iBoneFIT Project
by Jose J. Gil-Cosano, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Francisco J. Llorente-Cantarero, Andres Marmol-Perez, Andrea Rodriguez-Solana, Juan F. Pascual-Gazquez, Maria E. Mateos, Jose R. Molina-Hurtado, Beatriz Garcia-Fontana, Pedro Henrique Narciso, Panagiota Klentrou and Luis Gracia-Marco
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3914; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223914 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1474
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association of movement behaviors with irisin, sclerostin, and bone turnover markers in young pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 116 young pediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 years; 42% female) were recruited. Time spent in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association of movement behaviors with irisin, sclerostin, and bone turnover markers in young pediatric cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 116 young pediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 years; 42% female) were recruited. Time spent in movement behaviors over at least seven consecutive 24 h periods was measured by accelerometers (wGT3x-BT accelerometer, ActiGraph). Blood samples were collected at rest and serum was analyzed for irisin, sclerostin, cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), total osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium. Results: Irisin and sclerostin were not significantly correlated with bone turnover markers. Sedentary time was negatively correlated with the P1NP (r = −0.411, p = 0.027) and total OC (r = −0.479, p = 0.015) Z-scores, whereas moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was positively correlated with the P1NP (r = 0.418, p = 0.024) and total OC (r = 0.478, p = 0.016) Z-scores. Moreover, total physical activity was positively correlated with the total OC Z-score (r = 0.448, p = 0.025). Finally, the uncoupling index [CTX/P1NP] was positively correlated with sedentary time (r = 0.424, p = 0.012) and negatively correlated with light physical activity (r = −0.352, 0.041). Conclusions: Reducing sedentary time and increasing physical activity may favor bone formation over resorption in young pediatric cancer survivors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle)
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Review

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24 pages, 1733 KiB  
Review
Functional Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Sarcopenia: The Importance of Physical Exercise and Nutrition
by Mauro Lombardo, Gilda Aiello, Deborah Fratantonio, Sercan Karav and Sara Baldelli
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3097; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183097 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2683
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in intercellular communication by transferring miRNAs and other macromolecules between cells. Understanding how diet and exercise modulate the release and content of skeletal muscle (SM)-derived EVs could lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent age-related [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in intercellular communication by transferring miRNAs and other macromolecules between cells. Understanding how diet and exercise modulate the release and content of skeletal muscle (SM)-derived EVs could lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent age-related muscle decline and other chronic diseases, such as sarcopenia. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of EVs in muscle function and to explore how nutritional and physical interventions can optimise their release and function. Methods: A literature review of studies examining the impact of exercise and nutritional interventions on MS-derived EVs was conducted. Major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, were searched using keywords such as ‘extracellular vesicles’, ‘muscle’, ‘exercise’, ‘nutrition’ and ‘sarcopenia’. The selected studies included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials and cohort studies. Data from these studies were synthesised to identify key findings related to the release of EVs, their composition and their potential role as therapeutic targets. Results: Dietary patterns, specific foods and supplements were found to significantly modulate EV release and composition, affecting muscle health and metabolism. Exercise-induced changes in EV content were observed after both acute and chronic interventions, with a marked impact on miRNAs and proteins related to muscle growth and inflammation. Nutritional interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet and omega-3 fatty acids, have also shown the ability to alter EV profiles, suggesting their potential to improve cardiovascular health and reduce inflammation. Conclusions: EVs are emerging as critical mediators of the beneficial effects of diet and exercise on muscle health. Both exercise and nutritional interventions can modulate the release and content of MS-derived EVs, offering promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting sarcopenia and other muscle diseases. Future research should focus on large-scale RCT studies with standardised methodologies to better understand the role of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle)
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16 pages, 1500 KiB  
Review
Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Valentina Díaz-Goñi, Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, María José Guzmán-Pavón, Ana Belén Meseguer-Henarejos and Ana Torres-Costoso
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060876 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4748
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, [...] Read more.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = −0.009, 95% CI: −0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle)
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Other

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19 pages, 3115 KiB  
Systematic Review
Enhancing Performance in Young Athletes: A Systematic Review of Acute Supplementation Effects
by Nina Gruska, Hugo Sarmento, Diogo Martinho, Adam Field and Alain Massart
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244304 - 13 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2935
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing popularity of acute supplementation among young athletes is concerning, given the limited scientific evidence to guide recommendations specific to this group. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the acute effects of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increasing popularity of acute supplementation among young athletes is concerning, given the limited scientific evidence to guide recommendations specific to this group. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the acute effects of supplementation in young athletes to understand the impact on physical and cognitive performance. Methods: Following pre-registration on INPLASY (INPLASY202310017) and according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic searches of three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) were conducted by independent researchers from inception until July 2024. Only original studies in English that examined the acute effects of supplementation on young athletes’ physical and/or cognitive performance, specifically when taken on the same day as exercise (before or during), were included. The risk of bias was individually assessed for each study using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the review. A range of ages, participants, sports, and methodological approaches were involved in the studies included in the current review. The studies mainly used carbohydrates, beetroot juice, and sodium citrate, with carbohydrates being the most used acute supplementation. Carbohydrate supplementation enhanced endurance capacity and increased blood glucose, but mixed results were found for anaerobic performance. Mixed results were found for beetroot juice, with one study finding increases in power production. One study used sodium citrate supplementation, with improvements in technical performance observed. Conclusions: Since this review identified only three substances meeting our eligibility criteria, further research is needed to confirm the acute effects of supplements in young athletes and to better understand their benefits and limitations. Carbohydrate supplementation shows strong evidence for enhancing endurance performance, particularly during prolonged activities, while sodium citrate appears to support the preservation of skill performance. In contrast, the effects of beetroot juice are less consistent. Additional research is required to confirm the acute effects of supplements like beetroot juice in young athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support, Dietary Strategies and Exercise on Bone and Muscle)
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