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Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary Compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular Vesicles

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 9235

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alberto Dávalos

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Guest Editor

Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: microRNA; extracellular vesicles; non-coding RNAs; diet; epigenetic; lipid metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. María del Carmen López de las Hazas

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Guest Editor

Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism Group- IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
Interests: bioactive compounds; mediterranean diet; extracellular vesicles; epigenetic; microRNAs; polyphenols; microplastics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue to compilate evidences on how certain dietary patterns and some nutritional factors, including dietary compounds (i.e. polyphenols, dietary miRNAs), can alter different outcomes, modulates the secretion of specific extracellular vesicles, and regulate both tissue and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) expression pattern. MiRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play a pivotal role in health and disease. Extracellular vesicles are stable nanovesicles released by cells and present in all biological fluids that carry miRNAs, lipids and proteins. This cargo is able to modulate the physiology of recipient cells which can be adjacent to the releasing cells or cells at a distance.

In this context, new studies are needed with the potential to produce significant improvements in knowledge of the relationship between the nutritional status and gene expression modulation. This Special Issue on “Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular vesicles” invites authors to submit original research articles, systematic reviews, narrative or scoping reviews that enhance the body of knowledge in this field.

Dr. Alberto Dávalos
Dr. María del Carmen López de las Hazas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

diet
microRNA
extracellular vesicles
epigenetic
ncRNAs
polyphenols
bioactive compounds
cross-kingdom

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3530 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Pilot Study: The Reduction in Fecal Acetate in Obese Patients after Probiotic Administration and Percutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation

by Octavian Parascinet, Sebastián Mas, Tianyu Hang, Carolina Llavero, Óscar Lorenzo and Jaime Ruiz-Tovar

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051067 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1695

Abstract

Previous data suggested that anti-obesity interventions, such as percutaneous electric neurostimulation and probiotics, could reduce body weight and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors by attenuation of microbiota alterations. However, potential mechanisms of action have not been unveiled, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) might be involved in these responses. This pilot study included two groups of class-I obese patients (N = 10, each) who underwent anti-obesity therapy by percutaneous electric neurostimulations (PENS) and a hypocaloric diet (Diet), with/without the administration of the multi-strain probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum LP115, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14, and Bifidobacterium breve B3), for ten weeks. Fecal samples were used for SCFA quantification (by HPLC-MS) in relation to microbiota and anthropometric and clinical variables. In these patients, we previously described a further reduction in obesity and CV risk factors (hyperglycemia, dyslipemia) after PENS-Diet+Prob compared to PENS-Diet alone. Herein, we observed that the administration of probiotics decreased fecal acetate concentrations, and this effect may be linked to the enrichment of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium spp., and Akkermansia muciniphila. Additionally, fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate are associated with each other, suggesting an additional benefit in colonic absorption. In conclusion, probiotics could help anti-obesity interventions by promoting weight loss and reducing CV risk factors. Likely, modification of microbiota and related SCFA, such as acetate, could improve environmental conditions and permeability in the gut. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary Compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular Vesicles)

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12 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Weight, Central Adiposity, and Fasting Hyperglycemia Are Associated with Tumor Characteristics in a Brazilian Cohort of Women with Breast Cancer

by Clara Gioseffi, Patricia de Carvalho Padilha, Gabriela Villaça Chaves, Livia Costa de Oliveira and Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4926; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224926 - 21 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1340

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of overweight, obesity, excess central adiposity, hyperglycemia, and diabetes mellitus with tumor characteristics in breast cancer. In this retrospective cohort study that enrolled 2127 women with breast cancer, the independent variables collected were fasting blood glucose, body mass index, central adiposity (waist circumference and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR)), and waist-to-height ratio. The tumor characteristics (infiltrating, ductal grade, hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor, triple negative, size, lymph node involvement, and clinical stage) were the dependent variables. Most of the women were postmenopausal (73.5%), with an infiltrating tumor (83.0%), HR+ (82.0%), and overweight or obese (71.0%). For the premenopausal women, obesity was associated with grade 3 ductal tumor (odds ratio (OR): 1.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09–2.66), triple negative (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08–3.24), and size ≥ 2 cm (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.36–3.56). For the postmenopausal women, obesity was associated with WHR, infiltrating tumor (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.56–1.95), size ≥ 2 cm (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11–1.71), lymph node involvement (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02–1.56), and stages III–IV (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.30–2.65). Excess body weight and central adiposity were associated with tumor aggressiveness characteristics in women with breast cancer, confirming the importance of nutritional status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary Compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular Vesicles)

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14 pages, 2528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exosome-Containing Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to the Transport of Resveratrol Metabolites in the Bloodstream: A Human Pharmacokinetic Study

by Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre, María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez, María-Carmen López de las Hazas, Alberto Dávalos and Juan Carlos Espín

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3632; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173632 - 02 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2474

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that regulate intercellular signaling by transferring small RNAs, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites to local or distant organs, including the brain, by crossing the blood–brain barrier. However, the transport of (poly)phenols in human EVs has not yet been described. Therefore, we aimed here to explore (i) whether resveratrol and (or) its derived metabolites are found in the cargo of human plasma exosome-containing EVs (E-EVs), (ii) when this incorporation occurs, and (iii) whether resveratrol intake stimulates the release of E-EVs. Thus, in a pharmacokinetic study, healthy volunteers (n = 16) consumed 1 capsule (420 mg resveratrol) in the evening before attending the clinic and one more capsule on the day of the pharmacokinetics. The plasma and the isolated E-EVs were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Of 17 metabolites in the plasma, 9 were identified in the E-EVs, but not free resveratrol. The kinetic profiles of resveratrol metabolites were similar in the plasma and the E-EVs, a higher metabolite concentration being detected in the plasma than in the E-EVs. However, the plasma/E-EVs ratio decreased in the gut microbial metabolites, suggesting their better encapsulation efficiency in E-EVs. In addition, glucuronide conjugates of resveratrol, dihydroresveratrol, and lunularin were incorporated into the E-EVs more efficiently than their corresponding sulfates despite glucuronides reaching lower plasma concentrations. Notably, more E-EVs were detected 10 h after resveratrol consumption. This exploratory study provides the first evidence that (i) resveratrol metabolites are transported by E-EVs, with a preference for glucuronide vs. sulfates, (ii) the gut microbial metabolites concentration and kinetic profiles are closely similar in E-EVs and plasma, and (iii) resveratrol intake elicits E-EVs secretion. Overall, these results open new research avenues on the possible role of E-EVs in (poly)phenol health effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary Compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular Vesicles)

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Review

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14 pages, 870 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles as Bacterial Modulators: Beyond MicroRNAs

by Mari Cruz Manzaneque-López, Christian M. Sánchez-López, Pedro Pérez-Bermúdez, Carla Soler and Antonio Marcilla

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051265 - 03 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3124

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that food is an important factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Usually, all the attention has been focused on nutrients such as lipids, proteins, vitamins, or polyphenols. However, a pivotal role in these processes has been linked to dietary-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (DELNs). While food macro- and micronutrient composition are largely well established, there is considerable interest in these DELNs and their cargoes. In this sense, traditionally, all the attention was focused on the proteins or miRNAs contained in these vesicles. However, it has been shown that DELNs would also carry other bioactive molecules with a key role in regulating biochemical pathways and/or interactions with the host’s gut microbiome affecting intracellular communication. Due to the scarce literature, it is necessary to compile the current knowledge about the antimicrobial capacity of DELNs and its possible molecular mechanisms that will serve as a starting point. For this reason, in this review, we highlight the impact of DENLs on different bacteria species modulating the host gut microbiota or antibacterial properties. It could be concluded that DELNs, isolated from both plant and animal foods, exert gut microbiota modulation. However, the presence of miRNA in the vesicle cargoes is not the only one responsible for this effect. Lipids present in the DELNs membrane or small molecules packed in may also be responsible for apoptosis signaling, inhibition, or growth promoters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Disease Prevention: Dietary Compounds, MicroRNAs or Extracellular Vesicles)

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