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Nutrients
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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-communicable Disease Risk
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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-communicable Disease Risk

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2020) | Viewed by 19471

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. George Dedoussis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
Interests: genetics; nutrigenetics; personalized nutrition; artificial intelligence (AI); machine learning (ML); non-communicable diseases (NCDs); obesity; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria G. Stathopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Nice, France
Interests: metabolic diseases; inflammation; nutrition; dietary approaches; genetic epidemiology; gene expression control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic inflammation and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of a large number of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, cancer, and others. These diseases represent a very high burden on public health and are among the most significant causes of death and disability in the world.

For many years, strong associations have been observed between inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases and nutrition, either in whole or with specific food groups and components. The dietary inflammatory index is a useful dietary tool that categorizes the diet of individuals on a continuum from maximally pro-inflammatory to maximally anti-inflammatory. It is calculated from different dietary assessment tools like food frequency questionnaires and others and it is thus easily applicable. It has been associated with inflammation and inflammation-related diseases in some studies and is an active field of research in nutrition science.

Prof. Dr. George Dedoussis
Dr. Maria G. Stathopoulou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Dietary inflammatory index
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Non-communicable diseases’ risk
  • Inflammatory diseases
  • Pro-inflammatory diet

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 520 KiB  
Article
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis
by Vanessa Machado, João Botelho, João Viana, Paula Pereira, Luísa Bandeira Lopes, Luís Proença, Ana Sintra Delgado and José João Mendes
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041194 - 5 Apr 2021
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 9098
Abstract
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD [...] Read more.
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-communicable Disease Risk)
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18 pages, 752 KiB  
Article
Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated with Adiposity during Childhood and with Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers at 11 Years in Mexican Children
by Sofia Barragán-Vázquez, Ana Carolina Ariza, Ivonne Ramírez Silva, Lilia Susana Pedraza, Juan A. Rivera Dommarco, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Elena Zambrano, Luis A. Reyes Castro, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Reynaldo Martorell, Aryeh D. Stein, Albino Barraza-Villarreal, Isabelle Romieu, Laura Avila-Jiménez and Usha Ramakrishnan
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3658; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123658 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5081
Abstract
There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) from 5 to 11 years with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican children. We [...] Read more.
There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) from 5 to 11 years with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican children. We analyzed 726 children from a birth cohort study with complete dietary information and measurements to evaluate adiposity at 5, 7 and 11 y and 286 children with IL-6, hsCRP, leptin and adiponectin information at 11 y. C-DII trajectories were estimated using latent class linear mixed models. We used linear mixed models for adiposity and logistic and multinomial regression for biomarkers. In girls, each one-point increase in C-DII score was associated with greater adiposity (abdominal-circumference 0.41%, p = 0.03; skinfold-sum 1.76%, p = 0.01; and BMI Z-score 0.05, p = 0.01). At 11 y the C-DII was associated with greater leptin (34% ≥ 13.0 ng/mL, p = 0.03) and hsCRP concentrations (29% ≥ 3.00 mg/L, p = 0.06) and lower adiponectin/leptin ratio (75% < 2.45, p = 0.02). C-DII trajectory 3 in boys was associated with a 75.2% (p < 0.01) increase in leptin concentrations and a 37.9% decrease (p = 0.02) in the adiponectin/leptin ratio. This study suggests that the inflammatory potential of diet may influence adiposity in girls and the homeostasis of adipose tissue and chronic subclinical inflammation in 11-year-old children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-communicable Disease Risk)
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15 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Proinflammatory Dietary Intake is Associated with Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Results from the Population-Based Prospective Study
by Imran Khan, Minji Kwon, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert and Mi Kyung Kim
Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041196 - 24 Apr 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4590
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health challenge throughout the world, although studies on its association with the inflammatory potential of diet are inconsistent. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII® [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health challenge throughout the world, although studies on its association with the inflammatory potential of diet are inconsistent. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and the risk of MetS and its components in a Korean population. Data from 157,812 Korean adults (mean age 52.8 years; 53,304 men and 104,508 women with mean follow-up of 7.4 years) collected by members of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study form the basis for this report. DII scores were calculated based on Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire data. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between DII scores and MetS. In women, higher DII scores (pro-inflammatory diet) increased the risk of MetS (hazard ratio [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.69; p for trend ≤ 0.0001) and its five components. A positive association was observed for postmenopausal women, with a 50% higher risk of developing MetS (HRquintile5 v. 1 1.50; 95% CI 1.23–1.83; p for trend = 0.0008) after fully adjusting for potential confounders. Irrespective of the menopausal status of women, higher DII (=Q5) scores were positively associated with all 5 components of MetS (p < 0.05). In men, higher DII scores significantly increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.59 (1.27–1.99); p for trend = 0.0001], elevated waist circumferences [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.28 (1.08–1.52); p for trend = 0.01], and high blood pressure [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.17 (1.03–1.32); p for trend = 0.05]. These results indicate that diet with pro-inflammatory potential, as represented by higher DII scores, is prospectively associated with increased risk of MetS, and the relationship is stronger in women than in men. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-communicable Disease Risk)
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