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Nutrients
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Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases
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Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 12211

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alberico L. Catapano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
2. IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
Interests: atherosclerosis; dyslipidemias; cardiovascular disease; immunity; genetics; diabetes; lipoproteins; pharmacology; biochemistry; cardiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luzi Livio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
Interests: diabetes; endocrinology; metabolism; physical activity
Dr. Andrea Baragetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: internal medicine; cardiovascular pharmacology; cardiovascular genomic; translational immunometabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adiposity, insulin resistance and other metabolic and inflammatory complications profoundly impact the risk of diabetes and the risk of mortality, morbidity and disability worldwide. Pharmacological research produced important solutions in the treatment of these pathological consequences although preventive approaches, especially in dietary and nutritional interventions, are still lacking.

Poor awareness of the problem among laypeople, recognized by healthcare providers and stakeholders, lack of precise guidance, as well as contrasting data from the literature and constraints in the design of epidemiological and clinical trials, together contribute to this gap.

These and other critical issues, along with the most robust evidence from clinical trials, will be addressed in this Special Issue of Nutrients, which aims to implement a qualified and open evidence-based discussion on pathophysioloigcal aspects related to metabolic health. This Issue will provide an up-to-date set of information useful for basic, translational and clinical readers of Nutrients.

Prof. Dr. Alberico L. Catapano
Prof. Dr. Luzi Livio
Dr. Andrea Baragetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adiposity
  • diabetes
  • preventive nutrition
  • metabolic alterations

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
Bidirectional Associations between Daytime Napping Duration and Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study
by Jinqi Wang, Zhiyuan Wu, Xiaohan Jin, Rui Jin, Ze Han, Haiping Zhang, Zongkai Xu, Yue Liu, Xiuhua Guo and Lixin Tao
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5292; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245292 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between daytime napping duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, modified Poisson regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between daytime napping duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, modified Poisson regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of baseline napping duration with the occurrence and remission of MetS. Generalized estimating equation was conducted to explore the association between baseline MetS status with subsequent changes in daytime napping duration. Cross-lagged panel analysis was performed to further verify their bidirectional relationships. Results: During the four-year follow-up, among 5041 participants without MetS at baseline, extended naps were significantly associated with MetS occurrence, compared with non-napping. This association was only significant in individuals with adequate night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality of the 2898 participants with MetS at baseline. Excessive napping duration may be not favorable for MetS remission especially for adequate night-time sleepers. With respect to reverse associations, baseline MetS status significantly increased the napping duration during the subsequent follow-up period. Finally, there were significant bidirectional cross-lagged associations between napping duration and MetS severity score after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions: Our study indicates bidirectional relationships exist between daytime napping duration and MetS. Interestingly, longer napping duration was detrimental to cardiometabolic health only in those with sufficient night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)
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12 pages, 810 KiB  
Article
Association between Metabolic Phenotypes of Body Fatness and Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study of Chinese Community Residents
by Minhua Tang, Qi Zhao, Kangqi Yi, Yiling Wu, Yu Xiang, Maryam Zaid, Shuheng Cui, Xuyan Su, Yuting Yu, Genming Zhao and Yonggen Jiang
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5258; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245258 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI)-based and waist circumference (WC)-based metabolic phenotypes with the risk of stroke among Chinese community residents. A total of 34,294 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 56.05 ± 11.26 years) with no [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI)-based and waist circumference (WC)-based metabolic phenotypes with the risk of stroke among Chinese community residents. A total of 34,294 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 56.05 ± 11.26 years) with no previous stroke diagnosis history were included in this cohort study. BMI-based metabolic phenotypes were classified into eight groups: metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy and underweight (MHUW), metabolically healthy and overweight (MHOW), metabolically healthy and obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy and normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy and underweight (MUUW), metabolically unhealthy and overweight (MUOW), and metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO). WC-based metabolic phenotypes were classified into four groups: metabolically healthy and normal WC (MHNWC), metabolically healthy and oversized WC (MHOWC), metabolically unhealthy and normal WC (MUNWC), and metabolically unhealthy and oversized WC (MUOWC). The association of these phenotypes with developing stroke events was examined using proportional hazards models. A total of 546 cases of first-stroke onset were recorded over a median follow-up time of 4.97 years. Compared with the reference group, the obesity phenotypes showed higher risks for stroke. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of MHUW, MHOW, MHO, MUNW, MUUW, MUOW, and MUO phenotypes were 1.01 (0.41, 2.49), 1.47 (1.09, 2.00), 1.33 (0.80, 2.22), 2.49 (1.87, 3.30), 3.92 (1.44, 10.72), 2.14 (1.64, 2.79), and 2.60 (1.91, 3.55), respectively. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of MHOWC, MUNWC, and MUOWC were 1.41 (1.02, 1.94), 2.25 (1.76, 2.87), and 2.16 (1.63, 2.87), respectively. The metabolic phenotypes defined by an alternative definition all showed significant positive associations (except for MHUW), with the adjusted HR ranging from 1.51 to 3.08 based on BMI and from 1.68 to 2.24 based on WC. The risk of stroke increased with the increase in metabolic abnormality numbers in different BMI and WC groups (all p trend < 0.001). The present study suggests that maintaining normal body weight or WC and improving metabolic health are of great significance in preventing cerebrovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)
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17 pages, 4603 KiB  
Article
Effect of Carica papaya on IRS-1/Akt Signaling Mechanisms in High-Fat-Diet–Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Experimental Rats: A Mechanistic Approach
by Jeane Rebecca Roy, Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki, Selvaraj Jayaraman, Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy, Thotakura Balaji, Madhavan Vijayamalathi and Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4181; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194181 - 08 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
Despite rigorous endeavors, existing attempts to handle type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are still a long way off, as a substantial number of patients do not meet therapeutic targets. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is discerned as a forerunner in the pathogenesis of T2DM [...] Read more.
Despite rigorous endeavors, existing attempts to handle type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are still a long way off, as a substantial number of patients do not meet therapeutic targets. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is discerned as a forerunner in the pathogenesis of T2DM and can be detected years before its progress. Studies have revealed the antidiabetic properties of Carica papaya (C. papaya), but its molecular mechanism on insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/Akt signaling mechanisms is not yet known. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of C. papaya on IRS1 and Akt in high-fat-diet–streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats and also to analyze the bioactive compounds of C. papaya against IRS-1 and Akt via in silico analysis. Ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. papaya (600 mg/kg of body weight) was given daily for 45 days postinduction of T2DM up to the end of the study. Gluconeogenic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, gene expression, and immunohistochemical analysis of IRS-1 and Akt in skeletal muscle were evaluated. C. papaya treatment regulated the levels of gluconeogenic and glycolytic enzymes and the levels of IRS-1 and Akt in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic animals. In silico studies showed that trans-ferulic acid had the greatest hit rate against the protein targets IRS-1 and Akt. C. papaya restored the normoglycemic effect in diabetic skeletal muscle by accelerating the expression of IRS-1 and Akt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)
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11 pages, 2040 KiB  
Article
Bergamot Polyphenol Extract Reduces Hepatocyte Neutral Fat by Increasing Beta-Oxidation
by Angela Mirarchi, Rosario Mare, Vincenzo Musolino, Saverio Nucera, Vincenzo Mollace, Arturo Pujia, Tiziana Montalcini, Stefano Romeo and Samantha Maurotti
Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3434; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163434 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
Background: Bergamot polyphenolic fraction (PF) extract exerts a beneficial against liver steatosis. However, the fundamental processes underlying this beneficial effect of bergamot PF remain elusive. In this work, we examined the effect of bergamot PF extract on 2D and 3D hepatocyte cultures. Material [...] Read more.
Background: Bergamot polyphenolic fraction (PF) extract exerts a beneficial against liver steatosis. However, the fundamental processes underlying this beneficial effect of bergamot PF remain elusive. In this work, we examined the effect of bergamot PF extract on 2D and 3D hepatocyte cultures. Material and Methods: We evaluated the effect of bergamot PF in 2D and 3D cultures from rat, human hepatoma cells, and human primary hepatocytes. Results: In 2D cell culture, we demonstrated that incubation with bergamot PF decreases intracellular lipid content and is associated with an increase in expression levels of ß-oxidation genes (Acox1, Pparα, and Ucp2) and lipophagy (Atg7). Moreover, we confirm this effect on 3D spheroids and organoids. Conclusion: Incubation with bergamot PF reduces intracellular lipid neutral fat potentially by increasing intracellular pathways related to beta-oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)
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22 pages, 1798 KiB  
Review
The Current Findings on the Impact of Prenatal BPA Exposure on Metabolic Parameters: In Vivo and Epidemiological Evidence
by Hala F. S. Abulehia, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor and Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132766 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease entity and is not fully understood. Growing evidence suggests that early exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. BPA is a monomer used in the manufacturing of [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease entity and is not fully understood. Growing evidence suggests that early exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. BPA is a monomer used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics, thermal receipt paper, and epoxy resins. Owing to its widespread use, BPA has been detected in human fluids and tissues, including blood, placental breast milk, and follicular fluid. In the present review, we aimed to review the impact of prenatal exposure to different doses of BPA on metabolic parameters as determined by in vivo and epidemiological studies. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched to identify articles published during a period of 15 years from 2006 to 2021, and 29 studies met the criteria. Most studies demonstrated that prenatal exposure to low BPA concentrations correlated with alterations in metabolic parameters in childhood and an increased risk of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in adulthood. Therefore, prenatal exposure to low doses of BPA may be associated with an increased risk of obesity and T2DM in a sex-specific manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adiposity, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)
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