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Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 11067

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Małgorzata Białek

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Guest Editor

The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
Interests: lipids; fatty acids; conjugated isomers of fatty acids; peroxidation; antioxidants; tocopherols; food analysis; chromatography; chemometrics

Dr. Agnieszka Białek

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Guest Editor

1. School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
2. Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Insitute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
Interests: cancer; lipidomics; conjugated fatty acids; bioactive compounds; dietary supplements; pregnancy; polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrigenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Małgorzata Czerwonka

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Guest Editor

School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: fatty components in food; lipidomics; food analysis; chromatographic techniques; food supplements; food law

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipids are one of the main group of nutrients, essential for physiological homeostasis and proper body composition. Despite the fact that in well-balanced diet lipids should consist of a maximum of 35% of total energy intake, not only the quantity but also the quality and type of lipid compounds present in food are of utmost importance in ensuring optimal health status. According to the ‘Morbum evitare quam curare facilius est’ principle of Hippocrates, disease is easier to avoid than to cure. That is why in this Special Issue we aim to place particular emphasis on the prevention of diseases most commonly occurring in the global population. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and a plethora of other maladies are linked via common risk factors, among which the most important are those connected with lipids. On the other hand, bioactive lipids are also investigated as important preventive factors, potentially diminishing the risk of many diseases.

This Special Issue of Nutrients entitled “Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention” welcomes the submission of original research, systematic reviews, as well as mini-reviews and short communications concerning the most prominent issues in the field of the lipid compounds of diet, their importance in health and wellbeing maintenance, and potential to counteract the development of various diseases.

Dr. Małgorzata Białek
Dr. Agnieszka Białek
Dr. Małgorzata Czerwonka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

dietary lipids
fatty acids
conjugated fatty acids
cholesterol
lipid oxidation
lipid metabolism
fat-soluble vitamins
cancer
cardiovascular diseases

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Inflammation Amelioration and Cognitive Improvement in Decompensated Patients with Cirrhosis

by Raquel Diaz-Ruiz, Maria Poca, Eva Roman, Rocio Panadero-Gomez, Berta Cuyàs, Irene Bañares, Angela Morales, Marta Puerto, Rocio Lopez-Esteban, Elena Blazquez, Marta Fernández-Castillo, Rafael Correa-Rocha, Marta Rapado-Castro, Irene Breton, Rafael Bañares, German Soriano and Rita Garcia-Martinez

Nutrients 2025, 17(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020226 - 9 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1733

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by systemic inflammation and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive disturbances in which ammonia and inflammation play a synergistic pathogenic role. Extraskeletal functions of vitamin D include immunomodulation, and its deficiency has been implicated in immune dysfunction and different forms of cognitive impairment. The aim was to assess changes in cognitive function and inflammation in decompensated patients with cirrhosis receiving vitamin D supplementation. Methods: Patients with cirrhosis discharged from decompensation in two tertiary hospitals in Spain (from September 2017 to January 2020) were assessed before, at 6 and 12 months after vitamin D supplementation. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery and neuroinflammatory markers were examined. In a subgroup of patients, peripheral immune blood cells were analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine patients were recruited. Of those, 27 completed the 6 months evaluation and were analyzed [age 62.4 ± 11.3 years; 22 men; Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) 11.7 ± 4.0; prior overt HE 33%; median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) plasma level 12.7 µgr/L] and 22 achieved 12 months assessment. At baseline, learning and memory (R = 0.382; p = 0.049) and working memory (R = 0.503; p = 0.047) subtests correlated with plasma 25OHD levels. In addition, processing speed (R = −0.42; p = 0.04), attention (R = −0.48; p = 0.04), Tinnetti balance (R = −0.656; p < 0.001) and Tinnetti score (R = −0.659; p < 0.001) were linked to neuroinflammation marker IL-1β. Patients with lower 25OHD had a greater proportion of TH1cells at baseline and a larger amelioration of IL-1β and IL-6 following supplementation. An improvement in working memory was found after 25OHD replacement (46.7 ± 13 to 50 ± 11; p = 0.047). Conclusions: This study supports that vitamin D supplementation modulates low-grade inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis providing cognitive benefits, particularly in working memory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention)

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13 pages, 2159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Administration of a Novel, Synthetic Ketogenic Compound Elevates Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Mice in Both Fasted and Fed Conditions

by Maricel A. Soliven, Christopher Q. Rogers, Michael S. Williams, Natalya N. Thomas, Edward Turos and Dominic P. D’Agostino

Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3526; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203526 - 18 Oct 2024

Viewed by 2436

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Elevating ketone levels with therapeutic nutritional ketosis can help to metabolically manage disease processes associated with epilepsy, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Nutritional ketosis can be achieved with various dieting strategies such as the classical ketogenic diet, the modified Atkins diet, caloric restriction, periodic fasting, or the consumption of exogenous ketogenic supplements such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). However, these various strategies can be unpleasant and difficult to follow, so that achieving and sustaining nutritional ketosis can be a major challenge. Thus, investigators continue to explore the science and applications of exogenous ketone supplementation as a means to further augment the therapeutic efficacy of this metabolic therapy. Methods: Here, we describe a structurally new synthetic triglyceride, glycerol tri-acetoacetate (Gly-3AcAc), that we prepared from glycerol and an acetoacetate precursor that produces hyperketonemia in the therapeutic range (2–3 mM) when administered to mice under both fasting and non-fasting conditions. Animal studies were undertaken to evaluate the potential effects of eliciting a ketogenic response systemically. Acute effects (24 h or less) were determined in male VM/Dk mice in both fasted and unfasted dietary states. Results: Concentration levels of β-hydroxybutyrate in blood were elevated (βHB; 2–3 mM) under both conditions. Levels of glucose were reduced only in the fasted state. No detrimental side effects were observed. Conclusions: Pending further study, this novel compound could potentially add to the repertoire of methods for inducing therapeutic nutritional ketosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention)

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13 pages, 1446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Varied Dietary Cholesterol Levels on Lipid Metabolism in Hamsters

by Chung-Hsiung Huang, Hung-Sheng Hsu and Meng-Tsan Chiang

Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2472; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152472 - 30 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1588

Abstract

Syrian hamsters are valuable models for studying lipid metabolism due to their sensitivity to dietary cholesterol, yet the precise impact of varying cholesterol levels has not been comprehensively assessed. This study examined the impact of varying dietary cholesterol levels on lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters. Diets ranging from 0% to 1% cholesterol were administered to assess lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers. Key findings indicate specific cholesterol thresholds for inducing distinct lipid profiles: below 0.13% for normal lipids, 0.97% for elevated LDL-C, 0.43% for increased VLDL-C, and above 0.85% for heightened hepatic lipid accumulation. A cholesterol supplementation of 0.43% induced hypercholesterolemia without adverse liver effects or abnormal lipoprotein expression. Furthermore, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased liver weight, plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels while reducing the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Fecal cholesterol excretion increased, with stable bile acid levels. High cholesterol diets correlated with elevated plasma ALT activities, reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, and altered leptin and CETP levels. These findings underscore Syrian hamsters as robust models for hyperlipidemia research, offering insights into experimental methodologies. The identified cholesterol thresholds facilitate precise lipid profile manipulation, enhancing the hamster’s utility in lipid metabolism studies and potentially informing clinical approaches to managing lipid disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention)

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16 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Low-Glycemic Index Nutritional Intervention on Body Weight and Selected Cardiometabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Excess Body Weight and Dyslipidemia

by Beata Bondyra-Wiśniewska and Anna Harton

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2127; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132127 - 3 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2286

Abstract

Excess body weight in pediatric patients and the resulting dyslipidemia, if left untreated, are a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Despite this, there is still no effective and validated nutritional strategy for the treatment of overweight/obesity and comorbid dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. A low-glycemic index (LGI) diet may be recommended, but evidence for its effectiveness in the pediatric population is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted in patients aged 8–16 with overweight or obesity and lipid disorders (n = 64), of which 40 participants who completed the entire 8-week study were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly selected and allocated to one of the two dietary groups: the LGI diet or the standard therapy (ST) diet. Both diets were based on the principal recommendation of Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet-2 (CHILD-2). This study showed that both LGI and ST diets were equally beneficial in reducing body weight, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The LGI diet, compared to the ST diet, was less effective in reducing blood TG levels but more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Therefore, the choice of the type of diet in the treatment of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia may be individual. However, it should be based on the recommendation of CHILD-2. Further long-term, larger-scale studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention)

10 pages, 894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cholesterol and Its Oxidation Derivatives Content in Market Dairy Products

by Małgorzata Czerwonka, Anna Gielecińska, Agnieszka Białek, Małgorzata Białek and Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak

Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091371 - 30 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are contaminants of food of animal origin. Increased levels of these compounds in the human body are associated with an increased risk of many non-communicable diseases. Dairy products are mentioned among the main sources of these compounds in the diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contents of cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives in eleven groups of dairy products, willingly consumed in European countries. The levels of COPs were determined by applying the GC-TOF/MS method. In the tested products, cholesterol and its oxidation derivatives, such as 7-ketocholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol and 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, were determined. The studied dairy products differed in their contents and profiles of oxysterols. The highest contents of COPs were found in cheese with internal mold (13.8 ± 2.5 mg kg⁻¹) and Cheddar (11.7 ± 3.5 mg kg⁻¹), while the lowest levels were detected in yoghurt (0.94 ± 0.30 mg kg⁻¹) and kefir (0.57 ± 0.11 mg kg⁻¹). 7-ketocholesterol and 5,6β-epoxycholesterol were the dominant oxysterols. The ratio of oxidized derivatives to total cholesterol was on average 1.7%. Our results confirmed that dairy products are an important dietary source of COPs. Their levels should be monitored in dairy products to provide the best health quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease Prevention)

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