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Nutrients
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Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease
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Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 10626

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Josep Julve

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau–Centre CERCA, Barcelona, Spain
2. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
Interests: obesity; diabetes; lipoprotein metabolism; metabolic syndrome; therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joana Rossell

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: nutrition; NAFLD; metabolomics; diabetes mellitus; lipidomics; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and atherosclerosis are some of the chronic metabolism diseases that burden our society. Dietary manipulations have been proven to be beneficial as alternatives or complements to traditional pharmacological approaches.

In this Special Issue, entitled “Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease”, we call for high-quality, original, and novel articles, but also welcome clinical trials and reviews, that share updated information and contribute to generating a complete view of how dietary manipulations lead to the improvement, or resolution, of metabolism diseases. Submissions on the following topics would be welcome:

  • The role of dietary manipulations in groups of patients.
  • Dietary modification effects on a molecular basis.
  • The effects of dietary modifications on gut microbiota.

Dr. Josep Julve
Dr. Joana Rossell
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary modifications
  • obesity
  • NAFLD
  • therapeutics
  • obesity

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1930 KiB  
Article
Effects of Longer-Term Mixed Nut Consumption on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity
by Kevin M. R. Nijssen, Marco A. Chavez-Alfaro, Peter J. Joris, Jogchum Plat and Ronald P. Mensink
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010008 - 24 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Background: Recently, we reported that longer-term mixed nut intake significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, but these markers may not fully capture lipoprotein-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity [...] Read more.
Background: Recently, we reported that longer-term mixed nut intake significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, but these markers may not fully capture lipoprotein-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, single-blinded, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity examined the effects of longer-term mixed nut consumption on lipoprotein particle size, number, and lipid distribution. Methods: Twenty-eight participants (aged 65 ± 3 years; BMI 27.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) completed two 16-week periods (control [no nuts] vs. mixed nuts (60 g/day: 15 g of walnuts, pistachios, cashews, and hazelnuts), separated by an 8-week washout. Plasma lipoprotein particle numbers, sizes, and lipid distributions across subclasses were analyzed using high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: Mixed nut consumption significantly reduced Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations (−0.07 g/L; p = 0.009), total cholesterol (−0.27 mmol/L; p = 0.047), non-HDL cholesterol (−0.28 mmol/L; p = 0.022), and total triacylglycerol (TAG) (−0.27 mmol/L; p = 0.008). Total very large-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle numbers decreased by 24 nmol/L (p < 0.001), with reductions observed across all VLDL subclasses. Total LDL particle numbers (p = 0.044), specifically intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) (p = 0.002) and large LDL particles (p = 0.015), were also reduced, while HDL particle numbers and sizes were unaffected. The mixed nut intervention significantly reduced cholesterol concentrations across all VLDL subclasses and IDL (all p < 0.01), with no changes in LDL or HDL subclasses. TAG concentrations showed reductions across all lipoprotein subclasses (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Longer-term mixed nut consumption may lower CVD risk in older adults and favorable shifts in apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses towards a less atherogenic profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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11 pages, 860 KiB  
Article
Influence of Alkaline Reduced Water Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Rats
by Chung-Hsiung Huang, Ying-Chiun Chao and Meng-Tsan Chiang
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4082; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234082 - 27 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Background: With the global increase in metabolic disorders, identifying effective dietary strategies is crucial for enhancing health outcomes. While various health advantages of alkaline reduced water (ARW) have been documented, its specific impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy and diabetic [...] Read more.
Background: With the global increase in metabolic disorders, identifying effective dietary strategies is crucial for enhancing health outcomes. While various health advantages of alkaline reduced water (ARW) have been documented, its specific impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy and diabetic conditions are still not well understood. Methods: This study investigates how ARW affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats, which were induced to develop glucose metabolism disorders through subcutaneous injections of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were allocated into four groups: one group received distilled water, another ARW, with similar arrangements for both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Throughout the six-week experiment, the rats had unrestricted access to food and water. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected post-euthanasia for further analysis. Results: Non-diabetic rats consuming ARW experienced significant decreases in plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, leptin, and TBARS levels, along with reduced activities of hepatic hexokinase and intestinal sucrase. Meanwhile, there were increases in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, although glutathione levels decreased. In diabetic rats, ARW supplementation notably reduced plasma glucose and the glucose area under the curve, lowered hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and intestinal disaccharidase activities, and raised hepatic GSH levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ARW supplementation significantly enhances glucose and lipid metabolism and boosts antioxidant activity in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic aid for managing metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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16 pages, 8620 KiB  
Article
Peanut Shell Extract Improves Mitochondrial Function in db/db Mice via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
by Hemalata Deshmukh, Julianna M. Santos, Matthew Bender, Jannette M. Dufour, Jacob Lovett and Chwan-Li Shen
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16131977 - 21 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of dietary peanut shell extract (PSE) supplementation on mitochondrial function and antioxidative stress/inflammation markers in diabetic mice. Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned [...] Read more.
Accumulating evidence shows a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of dietary peanut shell extract (PSE) supplementation on mitochondrial function and antioxidative stress/inflammation markers in diabetic mice. Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned to a diabetic group (DM in AIN-93G diet) and a PSE group (1% wt/wt PSE in AIN-93G diet) for 5 weeks. Six C57BL/6J mice were fed with an AIN-93G diet for 5 weeks (control group). Gene and protein expression in the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were determined using qRT-PCR and Immunoblot, respectively. Compared to the control group, the DM group had (i) increased gene and protein expression levels of DRP1 (fission), PINK1 (mitophagy), and TNFα (inflammation) and (ii) decreased gene and protein expression levels of MFN1, MFN2, OPA1 (fusion), TFAM, PGC-1α (biogenesis), NRF2 (antioxidative stress) and IBA1 (microglial activation) in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. Supplementation of PSE into the diet restored the DM-induced changes in the gene and protein expression of DRP1, PINK1, TNFα, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, TFAM, PGC-1α, NRF2, and IBA1 in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. This study demonstrates that PSE supplementation improved mitochondrial function in the brain, liver, and WAT of db/db mice, in part due to suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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18 pages, 3835 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Nucleotides Ameliorate Insulin Resistance Induced by Palmitic Acid in HepG2 Cells through the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 Pathways
by Lixia Song, Yong Li and Meihong Xu
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121801 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1974
Abstract
Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct [...] Read more.
Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct dosage levels of exogenous NTs. The findings underscore that exogenous NT intervention augments glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, modulates the expression of glycogen-synthesis-related enzymes (glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase), and influences glycogen content. Additionally, it governs the expression levels of hepatic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase). Moreover, exogenous NT intervention orchestrates insulin signaling pathway (insulin receptor substrate-1, protein kinase B, and forkhead box protein O1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, exogenous NT intervention fine-tunes the expression levels of oxidative stress-related markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and NADPH oxidase 4) and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB). Lastly, exogenous NT intervention regulates the expression levels of glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). Consequently, exogenous NTs ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 pathways and regulate glucose consumption, glycogen content, insulin signaling pathways, AMPK activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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20 pages, 2347 KiB  
Review
Effect of High-Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies
by Chen Yang, Yifei Yu and Jianhong An
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091393 - 5 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3147
Abstract
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most [...] Read more.
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most critical cause, and plays a vital role in the pathological changes of DR. High-sucrose diets (HSDs) lead to elevated blood glucose levels in vivo, which, through oxidative stress, inflammation, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cause plenty of pathological damages to the retina and ultimately bring about loss of vision. The existing therapies for DR primarily target the terminal stage of the disease, when irreversible visual impairment has appeared. Therefore, early prevention is particularly critical. The early prevention of DR-related vision loss requires adjustments to dietary habits, mainly by reducing sugar intake. This article primarily discusses the risk factors, pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of DR caused by HSDs. It aims to raise awareness of the crucial role of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR, promote timely changes in dietary habits, prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life. The aim is to make people aware of the importance of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR. According to the dietary modification strategies that we give, patients can change their poor eating habits in a timely manner to avoid theoretically avoidable retinopathy and obtain an excellent prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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