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Nutrients
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Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation
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Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 January 2024) | Viewed by 4854

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Flávio Aimbire Soares de Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil
Interests: ARDS; asthma; COPD; COVID-19; probiotic bacteria; anti-inflammatory therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, probiotics have stood out in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and changes in the immune response. This fact is due to the discovery that the intestinal microbiota are capable of modulating the inflammatory response in organs far from the gastrointestinal tract, including the lungs. Despite the beneficial effects of some probiotics on allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the mechanisms of action of probiotics in the storm of inflammatory cytokines and in the dysregulation of the immune response in chronic pulmonary diseases still remain poorly explored. For this reason, studies that investigate the cell signaling responsible for the beneficial effect of probiotics on chronic lung inflammation deserve to be highlighted.

Prof. Dr. Flávio Aimbire Soares de Carvalho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic lung inflammation
  • intestinal dysbiosis
  • airway remodeling
  • cytokine storm
  • immune dysregulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 13783 KiB  
Article
Involvement of GPR43 Receptor in Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus on Murine Steroid Resistant Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Relevance to Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Human Macrophages
by Ana Karolina Sá, Fabiana Olímpio, Jessica Vasconcelos, Paloma Rosa, Hugo Caire Faria Neto, Carlos Rocha, Maurício Frota Camacho, Uilla Barcick, Andre Zelanis and Flavio Aimbire
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101509 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Background: Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with COPD present high levels of NF-κB-associated cytokines and pro-oxidant agents as well as low levels of Nrf2-associated antioxidants. This condition creates a steroid-resistant inflammatory microenvironment. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus [...] Read more.
Background: Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with COPD present high levels of NF-κB-associated cytokines and pro-oxidant agents as well as low levels of Nrf2-associated antioxidants. This condition creates a steroid-resistant inflammatory microenvironment. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr) is a known anti-cytokine in lung diseases; however, the effect of Lr on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in steroid-resistant COPD mice remains unknown. Objective: Thus, we investigated the Lr effect on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and unresponsive to steroids. Methods: Mice and macrophages received dexamethasone or GLPG-094 (a GPR43 inhibitor), and only the macrophages received butyrate (but), all treatments being given before CSE. Lung inflammation was evaluated from the leukocyte population, airway remodeling, cytokines, and NF-κB. Oxidative stress disturbance was measured from ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, TBARS, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2. Results: Lr attenuated cellularity, mucus, collagen, cytokines, ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, and TBARS. Otherwise, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2 were upregulated in Lr-treated COPD mice. Anti-cytokine and antioxidant effects of butyrate also occurred in CSE-exposed macrophages. GLPG-094 rendered Lr and butyrate less effective. Conclusions: Lr attenuates lung inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD mice, suggesting the presence of a GPR43 receptor-dependent mechanism also found in macrophages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation)
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16 pages, 3735 KiB  
Article
Probiotic Consortium Confers Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Inflammatory Disorders
by Changhon Lee, Seung Won Kim, Ravi Verma, Jaegyun Noh, John Chulhoon Park, Sunhee Park, Haena Lee, Hye Eun Park, Chan Johng Kim, Seohyun Byun, Haeun Ko, Seungyeon Choi, Inhae Kim, Soomin Jeon, Junglyoul Lee and Sin-Hyeog Im
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060790 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1238
Abstract
The composition and diversity of gut microbiota significantly influence the immune system and are linked to various diseases, including inflammatory and allergy disorders. While considerable research has focused on exploring single bacterial species or consortia, the optimal strategies for microbiota-based therapeutics remain underexplored. [...] Read more.
The composition and diversity of gut microbiota significantly influence the immune system and are linked to various diseases, including inflammatory and allergy disorders. While considerable research has focused on exploring single bacterial species or consortia, the optimal strategies for microbiota-based therapeutics remain underexplored. Specifically, the comparative effectiveness of bacterial consortia versus individual species warrants further investigation. In our study, we assessed the impact of the bacterial consortium MPRO, comprising Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7712, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002, and Lacticaseibacillus casei HY2782, in comparison to its individual components. The administration of MPRO demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of atopic dermatitis and inflammatory colitis when compared to single strains. MPRO exhibited the ability to dampen inflammatory responses and alter the gut microbial landscape significantly. Notably, MPRO administration led to an increase in intestinal CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells, promoting the induction of regulatory T cells and the robust suppression of inflammation in experimental disease settings. Our findings advocate the preference for bacterial consortia over single strains in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, carrying potential clinical relevance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation)
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15 pages, 7195 KiB  
Article
Living, Heat-Killed Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Its Cell-Free Supernatant Differentially Regulate Colonic Serotonin Receptors and Immune Response in Experimental Colitis
by Zhiyuan Sun, Siqi Huang, Xing Yan, Xiuwen Zhang, Youling Hao, Lili Jiang and Zhaolai Dai
Nutrients 2024, 16(4), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040468 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1968
Abstract
Lactobacillus species have been shown to alleviate gut inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of different lactobacilli components on gut inflammation has not been well studied. This study aims to identify the differences in the effect and mechanisms of different forms and [...] Read more.
Lactobacillus species have been shown to alleviate gut inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effect of different lactobacilli components on gut inflammation has not been well studied. This study aims to identify the differences in the effect and mechanisms of different forms and components of Limosilactobacillus mucosae (LM) treatment in the alleviation of gut inflammation using a colitis mouse model that is induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: control, DSS, live LM+DSS (LM+DSS), heat-killed LM+DSS (HKLM+DSS), LM cell-free supernatant + DSS (LMCS+DSS), and MRS medium + DSS (MRS+DSS). The mice were treated with different forms and components of LM for two weeks before DSS treatment. After that, the mice were sacrificed for an assessment of their levels of inflammatory cytokines, serotonin (5-HT) receptors (HTRs), and tryptophan metabolites. The results showed that, compared to other treatments, LMCS was more effective (p < 0.05) in the alleviation of DSS-induced body weight loss and led to an increase in the disease activity index score. All three forms and components of LM increased (p < 0.05) the levels of indole-3-acetic acid but reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of 5-HT in the colon. HKLM or LMCS reduced (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but increased (p < 0.05) the percentages of CD3+CD4+ T helper cells in the spleen. LM or HKLM increased (p < 0.05) abundances of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen. The LM and LMCS treatments reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 and Il17a. The mice in the HKLM+DSS group had higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10, the cell differentiation and proliferation markers Lgr5 and Ki67, the 5-HT degradation enzyme Maoa, and HTRs (Htr1a, Htr2a, and Htr2b) in the colon. All three forms and components of LM reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3. The above findings can help to optimize the functionality of probiotics and develop new dietary strategies that aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation)
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14 pages, 4383 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Respiratory Infection and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha- and Interferon Gamma-Induced Lung Inflammation
by Jonghyo Hong, Minseong Son, Jaeeun Sin, Hangeun Kim and Dae-Kyun Chung
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4728; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224728 - 9 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Multiple studies have confirmed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has beneficial effects in respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the role of L. plantarum lysates in respiratory diseases is unclear. Staphylococcus aureus infects the lungs of mice, recruits [...] Read more.
Multiple studies have confirmed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has beneficial effects in respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the role of L. plantarum lysates in respiratory diseases is unclear. Staphylococcus aureus infects the lungs of mice, recruits immune cells, and induces structural changes in alveoli. Lung diseases can be further aggravated by inflammatory cytokines such as CCL2 and interleukin (IL)-6. In in vivo studies, L. plantarum K8 nanoparticles (K8NPs) restored lung function and prevented lung damage caused by S. aureus infection. They inhibited the S. aureus infection and the infiltration of immune cells and prevented the increase in goblet cell numbers in the lungs of S. aureus–infected mice. K8NPs suppressed the expression of CCL2 and IL-6, which were increased by the combination treatment of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma (TI), in a dose-dependent manner. In in vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory effect of K8NPs in TI-treated A549 cells and TI-injected mice occurred through the reduction in activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-B. These findings suggest that the efficacy of K8NPs in controlling respiratory inflammation and infection can be used to develop functional materials that can prevent or alleviate respiratory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics in Immunity and Inflammation)
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