Research

17 pages, 1440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Barriers Appear to Influence the Effects of a Dyadic Web-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Caloric Intake and Adiposity: A Mediation Analysis of the DUET Trial

by Harleen Kaur, Gregory Pavela, Dori W. Pekmezi, Laura Q. Rogers, William W. Cole, Kelsey B. Parrish, R. Drew Sayer, Holly R. Wyatt and Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4918; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234918 - 25 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1737

Abstract

Mechanisms that explain behavior change within web-based lifestyle interventions are not well-studied. This secondary analysis explores whether the effects of the DUET web-based lifestyle intervention on diet, physical activity, and/or adiposity are mediated through changes in self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers (key [...] Read more.

Mechanisms that explain behavior change within web-based lifestyle interventions are not well-studied. This secondary analysis explores whether the effects of the DUET web-based lifestyle intervention on diet, physical activity, and/or adiposity are mediated through changes in self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers (key constructs of social cognitive theory). Data on mediators, diet quality, caloric intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), weight, and waist circumference (WC) were analyzed from 112 cancer survivors and their partners enrolled in the DUET intervention. Mediation analyses were performed using Mplus to execute regression analyses and determine associations. Mediation analyses supported an effect of the intervention on caloric intake (−3.52, 95% CI [−8.08 to −0.84]), weight (−1.60, CI [−3.84 to −0.47]), and WC (−0.83, CI [−1.77 to −0.18]), interpreting these negative associations as intervention induced reductions in dietary barriers. Higher social support was significantly and positively associated with, but not a mediator for, improvements in self-reported and accelerometry-measured MVPA (b = 0.69, CI [0.19, 1.24]) and (b = 0.55, CI [0.15, 1.00]), respectively. Self-efficacy did not appear to mediate the intervention’s effects. Findings suggest that the effects of the DUET intervention on diet and adiposity stem from reducing perceived barriers to a healthful, low-calorie diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

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15 pages, 972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Message Intervention to Promote Adherence to Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines in a Predominantly Hispanic Sample of Cancer Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Results from a Pilot Intervention Trial

by Melissa Lopez-Pentecost, Sophia Perkin, Sarah Freylersythe, Paola Rossi, LaShae D. Rolle, Sara M. St. George and Tracy E. Crane

Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4799; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224799 - 16 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1018

Abstract

Hispanic cancer survivors face unique barriers to meeting American Cancer Society (ACS) nutrition and physical activity guidelines, which reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality and improve quality of life. This pilot intervention trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a two-week [...] Read more.

Hispanic cancer survivors face unique barriers to meeting American Cancer Society (ACS) nutrition and physical activity guidelines, which reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality and improve quality of life. This pilot intervention trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a two-week ACS guideline-based nutrition and physical activity text message intervention in a predominantly Hispanic sample of cancer survivors and their informal caregivers. A mixed methods approach was used to assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability were measured by meeting a-priori cut-offs of >80% for recruitment, retention, and text message response rate. Participants also completed a semi-structured exit interview by telephone that assessed intervention components. Thirteen cancer survivors and six caregivers (n = 19) participated in this pilot study; 78% self-identified as Hispanic. Mean time since treatment completion for survivors was 11.9 years (SD 8.4), and 67% had breast cancer. Cancer survivors had a higher acceptability rate for physical activity (94%) compared to nutrition messages (86%), whereas equal acceptability rates were observed for both types of messages among caregivers (91%). Texting interventions are a feasible, acceptable, and a cost-effective strategy that have the potential to promote lifestyle behavior change among Hispanic cancer survivors and caregivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

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12 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors with Overweight or Obesity

by Dan Lin, Kathleen M. Sturgeon, Brett R. Gordon, Justin C. Brown, Dorothy D. Sears, David B. Sarwer and Kathryn H. Schmitz

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3453; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153453 - 04 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1145

Abstract

Adipocyte dysregulation is one mechanism linking overweight and breast cancer recurrence. Exercise and weight loss are associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, which may be mediated through reduced leptin levels, increased adiponectin [...] Read more.

Adipocyte dysregulation is one mechanism linking overweight and breast cancer recurrence. Exercise and weight loss are associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, which may be mediated through reduced leptin levels, increased adiponectin levels, and an elevated adiponectin to leptin (A:L) ratio. The four-arm randomized controlled WISER Survivor trial examined the 12-month intervention effects of exercise, weight loss, and the combination of exercise and weight loss on adipokine levels among breast cancer survivors (n = 339) with overweight or obesity. Compared with Control, the Combination of Exercise and Weight Loss decreased leptin levels (−35.9%; 95% CI: −46.8%, −25.0%) and increased A:L ratio (11.6%; 95% CI: 5.6%, 17.6%) but did not change adiponectin levels (4.1%; 95% CI: −3.1%, 11.2%). Compared with Control, Weight Loss Alone decreased leptin levels (−35.6%; 95% CI: −46.6%, −24.5%) and increased A:L ratio (10.6%; 95% CI: 4.7%, 16.5%) but did not change adiponectin levels (0.9%; 95% CI: −6.0%, 7.9%). Compared with Control, Exercise Alone did not change leptin levels, adiponectin levels, or A:L ratio. In analyses that consolidated intervention groups, compared with Control, weight loss of ≥5% decreased leptin levels (p trend < 0.01) and increased A:L ratio (p trend < 0.01) but did not alter adiponectin levels (p trend = 0.53). Weight loss, with or without exercise, was associated with decreased leptin levels in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity. Improvements in the adipokine secretion profile (A:L ratio) were primarily driven by a weight loss-induced change in leptin levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

21 pages, 609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sociodemographic and Health Correlates of Multiple Health Behavior Adherence among Cancer Survivors: A Latent Class Analysis

by Angela J. Fong, Adana A. M. Llanos, Adiba Ashrafi, Nur Zeinomar, Sagar Chokshi, Elisa V. Bandera, Katie A. Devine, Shawna V. Hudson, Bo Qin, Denalee O’Malley, Lisa E. Paddock, Antoinette M. Stroup, Andrew M. Evens and Sharon L. Manne

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2354; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102354 - 17 May 2023

Viewed by 1393

Abstract

The study aimed to (a) assess current levels of adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s multiple health behavior guidelines and (b) identify characteristics of cancer survivors associated with different adherence levels. Cancer survivors (N = 661) were identified through the state [...] Read more.

The study aimed to (a) assess current levels of adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s multiple health behavior guidelines and (b) identify characteristics of cancer survivors associated with different adherence levels. Cancer survivors (N = 661) were identified through the state registry and completed questionnaires. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adherence. Associations between predictors with the latent classes were reported as risk ratios. LCA identified three classes: lower- (39.6%), moderate- (52.0%), and high-risk lifestyle (8.3%). Participants in the lower-risk lifestyle class had the highest probability of meeting most of the multiple health behavior guidelines compared to participants in the high-risk lifestyle class. Characteristics associated with membership in the moderate-risk lifestyle class included self-identifying as a race other than Asian/Asian American, being never married, having some college education, and having been diagnosed with later stage colorectal or lung cancer. Those in the high-risk lifestyle class were more likely to be male, never married, have a high school diploma or less, diagnosed with colorectal or lung cancer, and diagnosed with pulmonary comorbidities. Study findings can be used to inform development of future interventions to promote multiple health behavior adherence among higher risk cancer survivors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

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14 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationships between Obesity, Exercise Preferences, and Related Social Cognitive Theory Variables among Breast Cancer Survivors

by Nashira I. Brown, Dorothy W. Pekmezi, Robert A. Oster, Kerry S. Courneya, Edward McAuley, Diane K. Ehlers, Siobhan M. Phillips, Philip Anton and Laura Q. Rogers

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051286 - 04 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2752

Abstract

Breast cancer survivors with obesity have an increased risk of cancer recurrence, second malignancy, and comorbidities. Though physical activity (PA) interventions are needed, investigation of the relationships between obesity and factors influencing PA program aspects among cancer survivors remain understudied. Thus, we conducted [...] Read more.

Breast cancer survivors with obesity have an increased risk of cancer recurrence, second malignancy, and comorbidities. Though physical activity (PA) interventions are needed, investigation of the relationships between obesity and factors influencing PA program aspects among cancer survivors remain understudied. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study examining associations amongst baseline body mass index (BMI), PA program preferences, PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, and related social cognitive theory variables (self-efficacy, exercise barriers interference, social support, positive and negative outcome expectations) from a randomized controlled PA trial with 320 post-treatment breast cancer survivors. BMI was significantly correlated with exercise barriers interference (r = 0.131, p = 0.019). Higher BMI was significantly associated with preference to exercise at a facility (p = 0.038), lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), lower walking self-efficacy (p < 0.001), and higher negative outcome expectations (p = 0.024), independent of covariates (comorbidity score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score, income, race, education). Those with class I/II obesity reported a higher negative outcome expectations score compared with class III. Location, walking self-efficacy, barriers, negative outcome expectations, and fitness should be considered when designing future PA programs among breast cancer survivors with obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

12 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sugar Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Study

by Evan W. Davis, Susan E. McCann, Janine M. Joseph, Karen H. K. Yeary, Christos Fountzilas and Kirsten B. Moysich

Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020275 - 05 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5597

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a highly fatal malignancy with few modifiable risk and prognostic factors. This study investigates the association between cola, diet cola, and non-cola soft drink consumption and PanCa risk and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted using data from the [...] Read more.

Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a highly fatal malignancy with few modifiable risk and prognostic factors. This study investigates the association between cola, diet cola, and non-cola soft drink consumption and PanCa risk and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System (1982–1998) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Buffalo, NY, USA), including 213 PanCa patients and 852 cancer-free controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including a 46-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cola, diet cola, and non-cola soft drink consumption and PanCa risk. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs of cola, diet cola, and non-cola soft drink consumption and PanCa mortality. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. We observed significant 55% increased odds of PanCa among patients consuming ≥1 regular cola per day (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01–2.39). We also observed non-significant 38% increased hazard of mortality among patients consuming ≥1 regular cola per day (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.91–2.07). We conclude that regular cola consumption is a modifiable lifestyle that may be associated with PanCa risk and mortality following diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

20 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comparing Lifestyle Modifications and the Magnitude of Their Associated Benefit on Cancer Mortality

by Timothy P. Dougherty and Joshua E. Meyer

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092038 - 23 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2376

Abstract

Many cancers are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excess weight. Improving any of these three lifestyle factors would likely reduce cancer deaths. However, modifications to each of these—better nutrition, enhanced activity and fitness, and loss of extra body fat—have [...] Read more.

Many cancers are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excess weight. Improving any of these three lifestyle factors would likely reduce cancer deaths. However, modifications to each of these—better nutrition, enhanced activity and fitness, and loss of extra body fat—have different effect sizes on cancer mortality. This review will highlight the relative benefit that each lifestyle change, enacted prior to a diagnosis of cancer, might impart on cancer-related deaths, as well as attempt to quantify the changes required to derive such a benefit. The review relies primarily on epidemiological data, with meta-analyses serving as the backbone for comparisons across interventions and individual studies within the larger meta-analyses providing the data necessary to form more quantitative conclusions. The reader can then use this information to better understand, recommend, and implement behaviors that might ultimately reduce cancer mortality. Of all the interventions, it seems clear that exercise, specifically improving cardiorespiratory fitness, is the best way to decrease the risk of dying from cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

17 pages, 2270 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Association between Alcohol Intake and Prostate Cancer Mortality and Survival

by Oriana D’Ecclesiis, Elisa Pastore, Sara Gandini, Saverio Caini, Giulia Marvaso, Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa, Giulia Corrao, Sara Raimondi, Federica Bellerba, Silvia Ciceri, Marialetizia Latella, Nora de Bonfioli Cavalcabò, Benedetta Bendinelli, Calogero Saieva, Miriam Fontana and Patrizia Gnagnarella

Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040925 - 12 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2122

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of alcohol consumption with the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Published reports were gathered on 15 October 2022, from PUBMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE. We found 19 independent eligible studies on the association between [...] Read more.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of alcohol consumption with the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Published reports were gathered on 15 October 2022, from PUBMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE. We found 19 independent eligible studies on the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and the risk of fatal PCa (n = 5), PCa mortality (n = 5) in healthy subjects, and PCa patients’ survival (n = 7) or surrogates thereof (n = 2). We used random effects meta-analysis to obtain a summary risk estimate (SRE) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for incidence of fatal PCa and PCa mortality. The meta-analysis revealed no association between alcohol consumption and fatal prostate cancer incidence risk in healthy subjects with an indication for publication bias, but omitting the study that mainly increased the between-study heterogeneity, the SRE becomes significant (SRE 1.33, 95%CI 1.12–1.58), and the heterogeneity disappeared (I² = 0%) with no indication of publication bias. No association of alcohol consumption was found with mortality risk in PCa patients (SRE 0.97, 95%CI 0.92–1.03) and PCa mortality risk in healthy subjects (SRE 1.03, 95%CI 0.82–1.30). In conclusion, this study suggests that there is some evidence of an association between high alcohol consumption and an increased risk of incidence of fatal prostate cancer in healthy subjects. Given the inconsistencies this result warrants further confirmation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Diet and Physical Activity on Cancer Prevention and Control)

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