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Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 16981

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Apostolos E. Papalois

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
President Scientific Council, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: nutrition; gastroenterology; inflammatory bowel disease; hepatology; cancer epidemiology; experimental and translational research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. John K. Triantafillidis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director IBD Unit, Metropolitan General Hospital, 15562 Holargos, Greece
Interests: nutrition; inflammatory bowel disease; malabsorption syndromes; chronic diarrhea; small and large bowel disorders; cancer epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to the role of diet, eating habits and specific nutritional elements in the epidemiology, etiology, prevention and treatment of malignant diseases (e.g., esophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer) as well as in a group of important benign diseases of the digestive system (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease).

It is generally accepted that diet represents one of the most significant environmental factors in the etiology and treatment of a number of malignant and benign digestive disorders. Currently, well-documented dietary recommendations for the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer include a reduction in the intake of energy, fat, processed foods and alcohol and an increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber. On the other hand, diet plays a significant role in the prevention and relief of patients’ symptoms in a number of benign digestive disorders, including diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, which affect a large part of the world’s population.

It is also well accepted that the composition and function of the gut microbiome is continuously modulated under the influence of diet, which is considered to be one of the most powerful factors affecting it. Dietary factors in early life appear to substantially determine the risk of various diseases in later life. Pre- and probiotics could alter the diversity of the gut microbiome, which in turn influences colon carcinogenesis.

Bearing the aforementioned data in mind, we ask you to contribute to this Special Issue by submitting your latest research in this scientific field in the form of reviews, systematic reviews, or original articles.

Prof. Dr. Apostolos E. Papalois
Dr. John K. Triantafillidis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digestive cancer (esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver)
  • benign digestive disorders
  • diet
  • dietary components
  • dietary lipids
  • nutritional supplements and support
  • nutritional status
  • vitamins
  • antioxidants
  • Mediterranean diet and prevention
  • gut microbiota
  • immunity
  • exercise
  • alcohol
  • dietary fiber
  • pre- and probiotics
  • complementary and alternative medicine
  • nutritional support for the elderly
  • nutritional epidemiology
  • nutritional prevention
  • treatment and therapeutic responses
  • etiology
  • epidemiology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1331 KiB  
Article
Nutrition and Selected Lifestyle Elements as a Tertiary Prevention in Colorectal Cancer Patients
by Kamil Michał Mąkosza, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń and Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3129; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183129 - 16 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Background. Nutrition and lifestyle elements can significantly support the therapeutic process in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, which is the basis for tertiary prevention. The study aimed to assess the nutritional strategies and lifestyle of CRC patients and to determine differences in [...] Read more.
Background. Nutrition and lifestyle elements can significantly support the therapeutic process in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, which is the basis for tertiary prevention. The study aimed to assess the nutritional strategies and lifestyle of CRC patients and to determine differences in these behaviors depending on gender and age. Methods. The study group included 202 CRC patients. The research was carried out in two hospitals and using the snowball method. The research tool was an original questionnaire. Data were processed in statistical programs. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Patients reported many behavioral–nutritional side effects. Half of them did not use a therapeutic diet (n = 101; 50.0%). The majority of patients declared that they ate three meals a day (57.4%). Fruits and vegetables were mainly eaten raw (69.3%). Almost a quarter of patients were not physically active at all (22.3%). Men chose to fry meat significantly more often than women (27.7% vs. 19.3%) (p = 0.003). The elderly consumed fast food significantly less often than middle-aged (88.5% vs. 72.3%) (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Patients showed both pro- and anti-health activities. The findings revealed several noteworthy disparities in dietary habits and lifestyle choices based on gender and age, indicating that these factors can significantly influence the health management of CRC patients. The patients’ behaviors should be constantly monitored and intensified, especially through regular consultations and educational meetings with an oncology dietitian for nutritional tertiary prevention of chronic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders)
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10 pages, 1259 KiB  
Article
Impact of Preoperative Nutritional Assessment on Other-Cause Survival after Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer
by Ryota Matsui, Noriyuki Inaki and Toshikatsu Tsuji
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3182; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143182 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with death due to other diseases after a gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who had undergone gastrectomy between April 2008 and June 2018 for primary stage II–III gastric cancer. [...] Read more.
This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with death due to other diseases after a gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who had undergone gastrectomy between April 2008 and June 2018 for primary stage II–III gastric cancer. The primary outcome was other-cause survival. To identify prognostic factors for other-cause survival for univariate analysis, we used a Cox proportional hazard regression model. A total of 512 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 67.93 years, and the average body mass index was 22.75 kg/m2, with 84 (16.4%) being moderately malnourished and 88 (17.2%) being severely malnourished, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. The other-cause survival for the malnourished group was significantly worse than that for the normal group (p < 0.001). The prognosis was worse when the severity of malnutrition was worse (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that severe malnutrition was significantly independent of prognostic factors for other-cause survival (hazard ratio: 3.310; 95% confidence interval: 1.426–7.682; p = 0.005). Undernutrition, as defined by the GLIM criteria, is useful for the preoperative prediction of death due to other diseases after gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders)
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Review

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21 pages, 1253 KiB  
Review
Enteral Nutrition in Operated-On Gastric Cancer Patients: An Update
by John K. Triantafillidis, John Papakontantinou, Pantelis Antonakis, Manousos M. Konstadoulakis and Apostolos E. Papalois
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111639 - 27 May 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4698
Abstract
It is well established that the preoperative nutritional status of gastric cancer (GC) patients significantly affects the prognosis of the operated patients, their overall survival, as well as the disease-specific survival. Existing data support that preoperative assessment of nutritional status and early correction [...] Read more.
It is well established that the preoperative nutritional status of gastric cancer (GC) patients significantly affects the prognosis of the operated patients, their overall survival, as well as the disease-specific survival. Existing data support that preoperative assessment of nutritional status and early correction of nutritional deficiencies exert a favorable effect on early postoperative outcomes. A variety of relevant indices are used to assess the nutritional status of GC patients who are candidates for surgery. The guidelines of almost all international organizations recommend the use of oral enteral nutrition (EN). Oncologically acceptable types of gastrectomy and methods of patient rehabilitation should take into account the expected postoperative nutritional status. The majority of data support that perioperative EN reduces complications and hospital stay, but not mortality. Oral EN in the postoperative period, albeit in small amounts, helps to reduce the weight loss that is a consequence of gastrectomy. Iron deficiency with or without anemia and low serum levels of vitamin B12 are common metabolic sequelae after gastrectomy and should be restored. EN also significantly helps patients undergoing neoadjuvant or adjuvant antineoplastic therapy. The occurrence of the so-called “postgastrectomy syndromes” requires dietary modifications and drug support. This review attempts to highlight the benefits of EN in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy and to emphasize the type of necessary nutritional management, based on current literature data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders)
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16 pages, 2480 KiB  
Review
Carrageenan as a Potential Factor of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
by Paulina Komisarska, Anan Pinyosinwat, Mutaz Saleem and Małgorzata Szczuko
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091367 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6098
Abstract
Carrageenan is a widely used food additive and is seen as a potential candidate in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are two faces to carrageenan that allows it to be used positively for therapeutic purposes. Carrageenan can be used to create edible films [...] Read more.
Carrageenan is a widely used food additive and is seen as a potential candidate in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are two faces to carrageenan that allows it to be used positively for therapeutic purposes. Carrageenan can be used to create edible films and for encapsulating drugs, and there is also interest in the use of carrageenan for food printing. Carrageenan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide gum. Depending on the type of carrageenan, it is used in regulating the composition of intestinal microflora, including the increase in the population of Bifidobacterium bacteria. On the other hand, the studies have demonstrated the harmfulness of carrageenan in animal and human models, indicating a direct link between diet and intestinal inflammatory states. Carrageenan changes the intestinal microflora, especially Akkermansia muciniphilia, degrades the mucous barrier and breaks down the mucous barrier, causing an inflammatory reaction. It directly affects epithelial cells by activating the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. The mechanism is based on activation of the TLR4 receptor, alterations in macrophage activity, production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of innate immune pathways. Carrageenan increases the content of Bacteroidetes bacteria, also causing a reduction in the number of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. The result is damage to the integrity of the intestinal membrane and reduction of the mucin layer. The group most exposed to the harmful effects of carrageenan are people suffering from intestinal inflammation, including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders)
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Other

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14 pages, 281 KiB  
Study Protocol
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Greek Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by John K. Triantafillidis, Aristofanis Gikas, Georgia Kontrarou, Manousos Konstantoulakis and Apostolos Papalois
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3679; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213679 - 29 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is regularly used by several patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in many countries. Data concerning the use of CAM in Greek patients with IBD are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is regularly used by several patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in many countries. Data concerning the use of CAM in Greek patients with IBD are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and indicators of CAM use in Greek IBD patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with IBD attending our specialized IBD department in “Metropolitan General” Hospital, Holargos, Greece, completed a special questionnaire regarding the use of CAM. Several clinical and epidemiological characteristics were recorded. The results were compared with a disease-control group (patients with irritable bowel syndrome or gastroesophageal reflux disease). The study outcome was the prevalence of CAM use in both groups. In this study, 270 patients, of whom 128 were female, with IBD (Crohn’s disease 134 and ulcerative colitis 136) and a median age of 42.3 ± 17.5 years (range 31–52), and 138 patients serving as the disease control group were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of previous and current CAM use in patients with IBD was 36.3% versus 27.5% in the control group (no significant differences). No significant differences were also noticed between the patients with either CD or UC. In the multivariable analysis, university education and treatment with steroids and TNF-α inhibitors were independent social indicators of CAM use. Conclusions: The percentage of CAM use by the Greek patients with IBD was quite high, similar to other European countries. Although numerically higher, this percentage was not significantly different compared with the disease control group. The use of CAM in IBD patients in Greece is associated with a higher educational level, and treatment with steroids and TNF-α inhibitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in the Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Malignant and Benign Digestive Disorders)
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