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Nutrients
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Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System
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Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2024) | Viewed by 17265

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daotong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: dietary nutrition; gut microbiota; food nutrition and safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: natural antioxidant; gut microbiota; nutrition prevention; fruit; vegetable
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and hypertension, is an important public health concern. The human intestinal tract is colonized by a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a key environmental factor linking to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Gut dysbiosis, or a leaky gut, has been described in patients with cardiovascular disease, and may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. The interactions between diet and gut microbiota result in gut microbial metabolite disturbances, such as short chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, lipopolysaccharides, and secondary bile acid, which are known to be crucial modulatory factors for host physiology and the cardiovascular system. Dietary nutritional interventions targeting the gut microbiota may be an effective strategy in reducing the risk and burden of cardiovascular disease.

This proposed Special Issue on “Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System” aims is to publish selected papers detailing specific aspects of gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease. In particular, papers (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) on the effects of specific nutrients and diet–gut microbiota interactions on hypertension and cardiovascular system will be included.

Dr. Daotong Li
Dr. Fang Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • gut microbial metabolites
  • cardiovascular disease
  • hypertension
  • diet
  • nutritional interventions

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 196 KiB  
Editorial
Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and the Cardiovascular System
by Daotong Li and Fang Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4633; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214633 - 31 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1909
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, which include hypertension and atherosclerosis, are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System)

Research

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14 pages, 4019 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Alterations in Intestinal Flora in Chinese Elderly with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Association with Trimethylamine
by Yannan He, Song Chen, Yuling Xue, Han Lu, Ziteng Li, Xianxian Jia, Yibing Ning, Qingbin Yuan and Shijie Wang
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1864; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121864 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA [...] Read more.
To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, the TMA levels in the feces of elderly were detected using headspace–gas chromatography (HS-GC), and four kinds of characterized TMA-producing intestinal bacteria in the elderly were quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia are the dominant microorganisms of the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly. And there were significant differences in the intestinal bacteria composition between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD, accompanied by a notable difference in the TMA content. The richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the elderly with CVD were higher than those in the healthy elderly. Correlation analysis indicated that certain significantly different intestinal flora were associated with the TMA levels. Our findings showed a significant difference in TMA-producing intestinal flora between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD. The TMA levels were found to be positively and significantly correlated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that this bacterium is closely linked to the production of TMA in the elderly gut. This may have implications for the development and progression of CVD in the elderly population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System)
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21 pages, 11616 KiB  
Article
Integrated Omic Analysis of Human Plasma Metabolites and Microbiota in a Hypertension Cohort
by Bo-Yan Chen, Yu-Lin Li, Wen-Zhen Lin, Chao Bi, Lin-Juan Du, Yuan Liu, Lu-Jun Zhou, Ting Liu, Shuo Xu, Jun Zhang, Yan Liu, Hong Zhu, Wu-Chang Zhang, Zhi-Yuan Zhang and Sheng-Zhong Duan
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092074 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2299
Abstract
Hypertension is closely related to metabolic dysregulation, which is associated with microbial dysbiosis and altered host–microbiota interactions. However, plasma metabolite profiles and their relationships to oral/gut microbiota in hypertension have not been evaluated in depth. Plasma, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected [...] Read more.
Hypertension is closely related to metabolic dysregulation, which is associated with microbial dysbiosis and altered host–microbiota interactions. However, plasma metabolite profiles and their relationships to oral/gut microbiota in hypertension have not been evaluated in depth. Plasma, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected from 52 hypertensive participants and 24 healthy controls in a cross-sectional cohort. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Microbial profiling of oral and gut samples was determined via 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. Correlations between metabolites and clinic parameters/microbiota were identified using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Metabolomic evaluation showed distinct clusters of metabolites in plasma between hypertensive participants and control participants. Hypertensive participants had six significantly increased and thirty-seven significantly decreased plasma metabolites compared to controls. The plasma metabolic similarity significantly correlated with the community similarity of microbiota. Both oral and gut microbial community composition had significant correlations with metabolites such as Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a molecule involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Plasma metabolites had a larger number of significant correlations with bacterial genera than fungal genera. The shared oral/gut bacterial genera had more correlations with metabolites than unique genera but shared fungal genera and metabolites did not show clear clusters. The hypertension group had fewer correlations between plasma metabolites and bacteria/fungi than controls at species level. The integrative analysis of plasma metabolome and oral/gut microbiome identified unreported alterations of plasma metabolites in hypertension and revealed correlations between altered metabolites and oral/gut microbiota. These observations suggested metabolites and microbiota may become valuable targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions of hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System)
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Review

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36 pages, 4900 KiB  
Review
A Review of Healthy Dietary Choices for Cardiovascular Disease: From Individual Nutrients and Foods to Dietary Patterns
by Wenjing Chen, Shuqing Zhang, Xiaosong Hu, Fang Chen and Daotong Li
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4898; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234898 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 9926
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality globally. Diet plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular health and is closely linked to the development of CVD. Numerous human studies have provided evidence on the relationship between diet and CVD. By discussing the [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality globally. Diet plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular health and is closely linked to the development of CVD. Numerous human studies have provided evidence on the relationship between diet and CVD. By discussing the available findings on the dietary components that potentially influence CVD progression and prevention, this review attempted to provide the current state of evidence on healthy dietary choices for CVD. We focus on the effects of individual macronutrients, whole food products, and dietary patterns on the risks of CVD, and the data from population-based trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses are summarized. Unhealthy dietary habits, such as high intake of saturated fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, and processed meat as well as high salt intake are associated with the increased risk of CVD. Conversely, increased consumption of plant-based components such as dietary fiber, nuts, fruits, and vegetables is shown to be effective in reducing CVD risk factors. The Mediterranean diet appears to be one of the most evidence-based dietary patterns beneficial for CVD prevention. However, there is still great debate regarding whether the supplementation of vitamins and minerals confers cardioprotective benefits. This review provides new insights into the role of dietary factors that are harmful or protective in CVD, which can be adopted for improved cardiovascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System)
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Other

22 pages, 814 KiB  
Systematic Review
Gut–Liver Axis Dysregulation in Portal Hypertension: Emerging Frontiers
by Martina Lombardi, Jacopo Troisi, Benedetta Maria Motta, Pietro Torre, Mario Masarone and Marcello Persico
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071025 - 1 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1714
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PH) is a complex clinical challenge with severe complications, including variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The gut microbiota (GM) and its interconnectedness with human health have emerged as a captivating field of research. This review explores the intricate [...] Read more.
Portal hypertension (PH) is a complex clinical challenge with severe complications, including variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The gut microbiota (GM) and its interconnectedness with human health have emerged as a captivating field of research. This review explores the intricate connections between the gut and the liver, aiming to elucidate how alterations in GM, intestinal barrier function, and gut-derived molecules impact the development and progression of PH. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 12 original articles that suggest a relationship between GM, the gut–liver axis, and PH. Mechanisms such as dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, altered microbial structure, and inflammation appear to orchestrate this relationship. One notable study highlights the pivotal role of the farnesoid X receptor axis in regulating the interplay between the gut and liver and proposes it as a promising therapeutic target. Fecal transplantation experiments further emphasize the pathogenic significance of the GM in modulating liver maladies, including PH. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics have expanded our understanding of the GM’s role in human ailments. The review suggests that addressing the unmet need of identifying gut–liver axis-related metabolic and molecular pathways holds potential for elucidating pathogenesis and directing novel therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Gut Microbiota on Hypertension and Cardiovascular System)
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