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Nutrients
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Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues
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Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 2199

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yoo Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Interests: aging; obesity; type 2 diabetes; food bioactive compound; nutrigenomics; insulin signaling pathway
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xian Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
Interests: food bioactives; functional foods; obesity; colorectal cancer; chronic disease pre-vention; aging; gut microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Byungyong Ahn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Interests: metabolic diseases; insulin resistance; obesity; diabetes; glucose metabolism; lipid metabolism; aging; sarcopenia; cardiac, muscle and liver energy metabolism; mitochondria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The process of aging is defined by a gradual deterioration in the body's capacity to maintain homeostasis, largely attributed to the onset of cellular and systemic dysfunction. Although aging is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, research has demonstrated that dietary management, lifestyle modifications, and regular physical activity are among the most effective strategies for delaying or even preventing the onset of age-related diseases. The objective of this Special Issue, entitled "Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues", is to present original research and comprehensive review articles that examine the multifaceted role of various vitamins and nutrients in promoting health and combating disease during the aging process. This collection will examine the potential benefits of functional foods and various dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and fasting-mimicking diets, as well as specific dietary patterns such as the ketogenic, Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets, in mitigating age-related conditions. We encourage submissions that examine the interplay between diet and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also invite original research and review articles, including systematic reviews, that advance our understanding of this crucial and evolving field.

Dr. Yoo Kim
Dr. Xian Wu
Dr. Byungyong Ahn
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • age-related diseases
  • functional food
  • bioactive compound
  • dietary management

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1095 KiB  
Article
Twelve-Week Curcumin Supplementation Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Gut Health in Prediabetic Older Adults: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Gopal Lamichhane, Tyler J. Godsey, Jing Liu, Rienna Franks, Guolong Zhang, Sam R. Emerson and Yoo Kim
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132164 - 29 Jun 2025
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, and food bioactive compounds have shown potential in mitigating its development. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults with prediabetes. We hypothesized [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, and food bioactive compounds have shown potential in mitigating its development. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults with prediabetes. We hypothesized that curcumin, due to its insulin-sensitizing effects, would help maintain glucose homeostasis, metabolic health, and gut health. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 28 older adults (aged 60 years or older) with prediabetes or overweight/obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either curcumin (80 mg) or placebo capsules for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were glucose homeostasis markers, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose, and insulin levels. Secondary outcomes included body composition, body mass index (BMI), body weight, lipid profiles, and gut microbiome composition. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to find differences between groups and over time. Results: A total of 23 participants (age = 66.52 ± 5.76 years; 14 in the curcumin group and 9 in the placebo group) completed the 12-week intervention. HbA1c levels significantly decreased in the curcumin group, whereas levels remained stable in the placebo group. While the curcumin group observed an increase in AST levels, the ALT level was reduced in the placebo group. Both the curcumin and placebo groups showed a reduced ALT/AST ratio by the end of the intervention. Body mass index, lipid profiles, and body composition showed no significant changes over the study period. Gut microbiome analysis revealed no significant changes in alpha diversity or beta diversity of microbiome; however, there was marginal enrichment of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidota (phylum), Bacteroidaceae (family), Agathobacter, Bacteroides, and Roseburia (genera) in the curcumin-supplemented group over time. Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation improved or favorably maintained glucose homeostasis and showed modest improvements in beneficial gut microbiota in older adults with prediabetes, potentially reducing the risk of developing diabetes. Long-term studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and determine the clinical relevance of curcumin supplementation for prediabetes prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues)
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19 pages, 2002 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Balanced Diet and Probiotics on Blood Biomarkers and Gut Microbiota in the Elderly: A Community-Based Intervention Study
by Junghyun Park, You-Suk Lee, Do-Kyung Lee, Juyong Hong, Seon-Joo Park, Byung Wook Lee, Sang Min Park and Hae-Jeung Lee
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111933 - 4 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Aging is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system. A balanced diet and probiotic intake can play significant roles in preventing aging-related chronic degenerative diseases and promoting immune function in the elderly. This community-based intervention study investigated the effects of an eight-week [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Aging is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system. A balanced diet and probiotic intake can play significant roles in preventing aging-related chronic degenerative diseases and promoting immune function in the elderly. This community-based intervention study investigated the effects of an eight-week intervention involving a balanced diet with or without probiotics on nutritional parameters and gut microbiota composition in Korean elderly individuals. Methods: A total of 48 participants were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups: 24 received a balanced diet alone, and 24 received a balanced diet combined with probiotics. Results: The balanced diet showed beneficial impacts on nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers, including fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and gut microbiota, such as the Bacteroidaceae family and the genera Prevotella and Faecalibacterium. Additionally, providing probiotics alongside a balanced diet influenced the taxonomic profile and abundance of intestinal microbiota. Conclusions: Overall, the combination of a balanced diet and probiotics has beneficial effects on nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers as well as gut microbiota composition in elderly individuals. Future meticulously designed randomized controlled trials are required to further understand the health benefits and underlying mechanisms of balanced diets and probiotics in the Korean elderly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues)
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Review

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24 pages, 1568 KiB  
Review
Diet in Knee Osteoarthritis—Myths and Facts
by Natalia Kasprzyk, Shreya Nandy and Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111872 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 1187
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease affecting global health. Its increasing prevalence, particularly among aging populations, remains a leading cause of disability. Besides conventional pharmacological and surgical treatments, dietary interventions are promising strategies to alleviate OA symptoms and progression. Unfortunately, [...] Read more.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease affecting global health. Its increasing prevalence, particularly among aging populations, remains a leading cause of disability. Besides conventional pharmacological and surgical treatments, dietary interventions are promising strategies to alleviate OA symptoms and progression. Unfortunately, scientific evidence does not support many commonly used, misleading ideas about nutrition in knee OA. Recent data highlight the detrimental effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets, particularly those rich in refined sugars and saturated fats, which exacerbate systemic inflammation and contribute to cartilage degradation. Conversely, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and dietary fiber have shown anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. A Mediterranean diet rich in these nutrients effectively prevents the development of OA and its comorbidities, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. The role of supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and vitamin D, is questioned due to the lack of evidence supporting their efficacy in treating knee OA. Despite dietary recommendations published annually, there is still a need to debunk many myths that are not confirmed by current evidence. The significant research gaps require more extensive, controlled studies to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations (particularly carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and antioxidant intake). This comprehensive review provides insight into the various indications for the impact of nutrition on knee OA, focusing on key nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, antioxidants, and selected micronutrients, providing the clinician with ready-to-implement nutritional modifications. Such an analysis may help clinicians and patients incorporate dietary strategies into treating knee OA, emphasizing the need for personalized, sustainable approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition Strategies for Age-Related Health Issues)
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