Evolution of Regulatory ncRNAs and ncRNA Genes

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X). This special issue belongs to the section "Evolution of Non-Coding RNA".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 698

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: regulation of gene expression by small RNAs; functions of non-coding genomic regions; lncRNA gene origins and their evolution
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nearly 40 years after the discovery that ncRNAs can regulate gene expression, there is still excitement about these RNAs. However, we still have only a partial understanding of ncRNAs and their genes. Much needs to be learned about their structure, function, and means of origination. In terms of evolution, we know how some ncRNA genes originated, e.g., by gene duplication or de novo, originating from a non-genic genome region, but there are few examples, and future research may uncover new processes in the birth of ncRNA genes and ncRNAs. This Special Issue is focused on evolutionary origins and evolutionary development and includes four major classes of ncRNA genes and ncRNAs: lncRNA genes, miRNA genes, circular RNAs, and piRNAs.

We are pleased to invite investigators to contribute original research or review articles that concern the evolution of ncRNAs and ncRNA genes. 

Prof. Dr. Nicholas Delihas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • evolution
  • gene duplication
  • de novo gene origins
  • alterations of genomic sequences to produce ncRNA
  • lncRNAs
  • miRNAs
  • circular RNAs
  • piRNAs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 7171 KiB  
Review
Human XIST: Origin and Divergence of a cis-Acting Silencing RNA
by Maria Jose Navarro-Cobos and Carolyn J. Brown
Non-Coding RNA 2025, 11(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna11030035 - 1 May 2025
Viewed by 218
Abstract
Dimorphism of sex chromosomes often leads to a need for dosage compensation. In eutherian mammals, XIST, a long non-coding RNA, is expressed from the X chromosome that will be silenced, triggering X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XIST originated from the ancestral protein-coding Lnx3 gene with [...] Read more.
Dimorphism of sex chromosomes often leads to a need for dosage compensation. In eutherian mammals, XIST, a long non-coding RNA, is expressed from the X chromosome that will be silenced, triggering X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XIST originated from the ancestral protein-coding Lnx3 gene with contributions from various mobile elements that contributed to the striking domains of tandem repeats within the first and sixth exons. Modular domains of XIST are now involved in recruiting heterochromatic marks and proteins essential for XCI initiation and maintenance. This review presents a comparative analysis of human XIST with five other eutherian mammals—chimpanzees, cats, pigs, sheep, and mice—examining conservation across exons as well as the tandem repeats. Notably, repeats exhibited higher conservation than exons, underscoring their functional importance. Additionally, a species-specific G repeat, previously described in pigs, was also identified in sheep and cats. These findings provide insights into the domains of XIST, a cis-acting silencer that has been used to proposed to alleviate the impact of a supernumerary chromosome in Down syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Regulatory ncRNAs and ncRNA Genes)
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